The Effects of the Perceived Behavioral Integrity of Managers on Employee Attitudes: A Meta-analysis

Perceived behavioral integrity involves the employee’s perception of the alignment of the manager’s words and deeds. This meta-analysis examined the relationship between perceived behavioral integrity of managers and the employee attitudes of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, satisfaction with the leader and affect toward the organization. Results indicate a strong positive relationship overall (average r = 0.48, p<0.01). With only 12 studies included, exploration of moderators was limited, but preliminary analysis suggested that the gender of the employees and the number of levels between the employee and the manager are potential moderators of the relationship. In the current sample of studies, country where the research was conducted did not seem to have any moderating effects. In addition to suggesting further investigation of potential moderators, we call for research that examines the relationship between behavioral integrity and outcomes that include individual behavior and organizational performance.     

选择数量对满意度的影响——一个有调节的中介模型

增加选择数量是否会提高满意度是经济学、心理学和营销学的热点问题。当消费者对某一刺激目标同时存在积极和消极的评价时,即矛盾态度怎样影响选择数量和满意度的关系？2个实验结果表明,选择数量对满意度的影响是通过决策困难水平实现的,当选择数量影响决策困难水平时,会产生选择超载。矛盾态度对决策困难水平与满意度的关系有调节作用,对矛盾态度较高者,选择“多多益善”,选择数量增加使消费者满意度提高;相反,对矛盾态度较低者,选择“适可而止”,选择数量增加使消费者满意度降低。     

高管团队异质性对现金持有的影响——一个被调节的中介模型

作为公司的决策主体,高管团队异质性的结构特征是否以及如何影响现金持有水平有待进行充分地探讨。借助高阶理论和信息加工理论的研究成果,本文构建一个被调节的中介模型,分析高管团队异质性、产品多元化以及环境不确定性对现金持有的影响。结果表明:高管团队异质性正面影响产品多元化,产品多元化负面影响现金持有,产品多元化在高管团队异质性和现金持有之间发挥着中介作用;环境不确定性不仅正向调节产品多元化和现金持有的关系,还能正向调节"高管团队异质性→产品多元化→现金持有"这一中介机制。上述结论不仅有助于充分理解高管团队异质性影响现金持有的作用机制以及边界条件,还能为管理实践提供决策参考。     

工会承诺、组织承诺和员工绩效——被企业所有制类型跨层次调节的中介模型

基于我国工会维稳与维权的双重角色,要发挥工会预防劳资矛盾激化的功能,并履行集体劳动争议代表的责任,需要研究工人是否对工会有承诺,以及这种承诺与组织承诺和员工绩效的关系。鉴于不同所有制企业工会的差异,文章基于角色理论、认知理论和交换理论,针对员工的工会承诺、组织承诺和绩效之间的关系展开研究,研究中使用了32家企业共709个员工样本的嵌套数据建立了不同所有制企业跨层次被调节的中介模型进行假设验证。研究结果表明：工会承诺正向影响组织承诺,组织承诺在工会承诺和员工绩效关系中起中介作用,并且该中介作用在公有制企业中较强,在非公有制企业中较弱。文章最后对实证分析部分进行了讨论,并指出未来研究方向。     

高管团队异质性、惯例更新与商业模式创新:有调节的中介效应模型

本研究从高管团队视角,以高阶梯队理论为基础,提出了高管团队异质性、惯例更新、跨界搜索与商业模式创新之间的关系假设,以期打开高管团队异质性与企业商业模式创新作用机制的黑箱。研究发现:高管团队异质性对商业模式创新具有显著的正向影响;惯例更新在高管团队异质性与商业模式创新的关系中起中介作用;跨界搜索正向调节了惯例更新与商业模式创新之间的关系;跨界搜索水平越高,惯例更新对商业模式创新的正向影响越强;同时,跨界搜索正向调节了惯例更新在高管团队异质性与商业模式创新之间的中介效应,跨界搜索水平越高,惯例更新在高管团队异质性与商业模式创新之间的中介效应越强。本研究通过理论推演和实证研究进一步丰富了高阶梯队理论,为企业高管团队异质性与商业模式创新关系研究提供了新的研究视角与解释路径。     

The Impact of Perceived Leader Integrity on Subordinates in a Work Team Environment

Over the last decade, the increased use of work teams within organizations has been one of the most influential and far-reaching trends to shape the business world. At the same time, corporations have continued to struggle with increased unethical employee behavior. Very little research has been conducted that specifically examines the developmental aspects of employee ethical decision-making in a team environment. This study examines the impact of a team leader’s perceived integrity on his or her subordinates’ behavior. The results, which came from a survey of 245 MBA students functioning for 2 years in a work team environment, indicate an interaction between leader integrity and team member ethical intentions.     

Perceived Behavioral Integrity: Relationships with Employee Attitudes, Well-Being, and Absenteeism

Relationships between the behavioral integrity of managers as perceived by employees and employee attitudes (job satisfaction and life satisfaction), well-being (stress and health), and behaviors (absenteeism) were tested using data from the 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (n = 2,820). Using multivariate and univariate analysis, perceived behavioral integrity (PBI) was positively related to job and life satisfaction and negatively related to stress, poor health, and absenteeism. The effect size for the relationship with job satisfaction was medium-to-large while the effect sizes with respect to the other variables were small-to-medium. There was no support for the hypotheses that women would perceive lower levels of behavioral integrity and that the strength of the relationships between PBI and the outcomes variables would be stronger among women than among men.     

上级发展性反馈对下属知识共享的影响机制：一个有调节的中介模型

文章从上级与下属互动的视角出发,构建并验证了一个有调节的中介模型,探讨上级发展性反馈对下属知识共享影响的过程机制及边界条件,重点检验组织自尊的中介效应以及人与组织匹配的调节效应。通过对两阶段分时序所收集到的417份样本数据的统计分析,结果表明：上级发展性反馈对下属组织自尊水平具有显著正向影响;下属组织自尊不仅对其知识共享具有显著正向影响,而且部分中介上级发展性反馈对其知识共享的促进作用;人与组织匹配调节上级发展性反馈与下属组织自尊的关系,人与组织匹配程度越高,上级发展性反馈对下属组织自尊的积极影响越明显;人与组织匹配还调节组织自尊在上级发展性反馈与下属知识共享关系间的中介效应,人与组织匹配程度越高,该中介效应越显著。     

The Voice Link: A Moderated Mediation Model of How Ethical Leadership Affects Individual Task Performance

This study empirically examines the proposition that ethical leadership may affect individuals’ task performance through enhancing employees’ promotive voice. Our theoretical model was tested using data collected from employees and supervisors in a high-tech company located in South China. Analyses of multisource three-wave data from 37 team supervisors and 176 employees showed that ethical leadership could significantly affect individuals’ task performance through promotive voice. Further, it was found that the relationship between ethical leadership and promotive voice was moderated by leader–leader exchange. Specifically, ethical leadership may significantly enhance employees’ promotive voice when leader–leader exchange is low. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

情绪劳动对导游职业满意度和离职倾向的影响——一个被调节的中介效应模型

导游是一项情绪劳动强度较高的职业,极易产生倦怠进而影响职业满意度并诱发离职。应用成熟量表对792名导游进行问卷调查,采用bootstrap法分析显示,情绪劳动中的表层扮演会通过职业倦怠的中介作用降低导游的职业满意度并提高离职倾向,而情绪劳动中的深层扮演会通过职业倦怠的中介作用提升导游的职业满意度并降低离职倾向;顾客侵犯行为中的顾客苛责会调节深层扮演对职业倦怠的影响,随着顾客苛责水平的提升,深层扮演对导游职业倦怠的削弱作用渐渐弱化,此外,顾客苛责还会分别调节职业倦怠在深层扮演影响导游职业满意度和离职倾向过程的中介作用。因此,应针对导游的不同情绪劳动开展管理和疏导,对游客采用适当的识别机制,化解导游的职业倦怠危机,从而提升导游的职业满意度,降低导游的离职率。     

工作自主性、技能多样性与员工创造力:基于个性特征的调节效应模型

基于工作特征模型合理优化工作设计是企业管理者提升员工创造力的重要途径,文章通过对236名企业员工的问卷调查,实证研究工作自主性和技能多样性对员工创造力的影响,并从“人一职”匹配理论视角探讨学习目标取向和创意自我效能感的调节效应.结果表明:工作自主性和技能多样性均对员工创造力有正向预测作用;创意自我效能感越强,工作自主性与创造力的正相关性越弱,技能多样性与创造力的正相关性越强.文章最后总结了研究结果的理论和实践意义,并指出了未来的研究方向.     

A Primer on Moderated Mediation Analysis: Exploring Logistics Involvement in New Product Development

Theorizing and empirically testing moderated mediation hypotheses allows logistics and supply chain management (L&SCM) scholars to extend the boundaries of our current understanding by examining how, when, and why relationships arise between constructs central to our theories. However, while moderated mediation analyses can enrich theory in L&SCM, they are few in number, likely due to the complexities associated with their execution. In this article, we provide a didactic treatment for executing moderated mediation analysis. We do so using primary data regarding logistics involvement in new product development. In the hopes of spurring greater application of moderated mediation in L&SCM, we devise a series of recommendations that guide scholars through the process of conducting such analyses. These recommendations extend prior treatments by explaining how to address challenges associated with devising theories to undergird moderated mediation hypotheses, measuring constructs using multiple indicators, providing guidance for detecting influential cases that can unduly affect results, and integrating what results should be reported.     

Consumers' Perceptions of Online and Offline Retailer Deception: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

This research examines the effects of consumers' perceptions of retailers' deceptive practices on their evaluations of online and offline retailers. Results from two samples of consumers (shopping in online versus offline channels) show the direct and indirect influence of consumers' perceptions of retailers' deceptive practices on consumers' evaluations, including product satisfaction, retailer satisfaction and word-of-mouth. Perceptions of deception influence retailer satisfaction through product satisfaction, and word-of-mouth through retailer satisfaction. These mediated effects are further moderated by the online vs. offline purchase channel. Implications for theory and management are discussed.     

Servant Leadership,Proactive Work Behavior,and Performance Overall Rating: Testing a Multilevel Model of Moderated Mediation

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The goal of this paper is to investigate whether salesperson proactive behavior mediates the relationship between sales manager servant leadership and salesperson overall performance rating by the sales manager. Moreover, it examines whether salesperson customer orientation and political skill moderate the sales manager servant leadership ? salesperson proactive behavior ─ salesperson overall performance. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical analysis is based on dyadic data from 181 industrial salespeople and their sales managers in a range of different industries (including both manufacturing and service industries). To analyze the multilevel moderated mediation process, this investigation uses Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling (MSEM). Findings: Sales manager servant leadership was positively related to salespeople overall performance rating through their proactive behavior except when their customer orientation was low. Moreover, this relationship between sales manager servant leadership and overall performance rating through proactive work behavior was stronger the greater the salespeople consumer orientation and political skill. Research implications: The study suggests that sales manager servant leadership is indirectly related to salesperson overall performance rating through salesperson proactive behavior. The findings also support subsequent research on salesperson values, skills, and behaviors as moderators in the servant leadership – proactive behavior – overall performance rating relationship. Understanding how these salesperson factors interact with sales management leadership to produce organizational outcomes (e.g., stress, engagement, organizational commitment) are questions that sales researchers may wish to pursue via further study. Practical implications: Sales managers should employ servant leadership to stimulate salespeople proactive work behavior. This study clearly indicates the salespeople need to adopt customer orientation and to have political skill. Hence, sales managers need to try to improve the customer orientation and the political skill of their salespeople through selection procedures or training programs. Originality/value: The relationship between sales manager servant leadership and salesperson overall performance through proactive work behavior has not been addressed and tested in the literature to date.     

领导成员交换与员工创造力：情感机制的中介作用

情感是员工创造力的重要前因,而已有文献结论存在不一致,且未深入地探讨影响员工情绪的组织情境因素。文章依据情感事件理论,分析和检验了领导成员交换、积极/消极情感与创造力的关系,以及组织创造力支持感的调节作用。通过分析442对主管〖CD*2〗下属配对样本,结果表明：积极情感和消极情感在领导成员交换与创造力关系之间起部分中介作用;组织创造力支持感正向调节积极情感与创造力的关系,而对消极情感与创造力关系的负向调节作用不显著;最后,高的组织创造力支持感还调节积极/消极情感在领导成员交换与员工创造力关系间的中介作用。