Marginal Rates and Elasticities of Substitution with Additive Models in DEA

Marginal rates and elasticities of substitution are derived from the optimal slack values obtained from modified versions of additive DEA models. Projection formulas are used to ensure that all points are on the efficient frontier as required for conformance with assumptions in micro-economics. The models used differ from standard versions in that slack values are allowed to be negative as well as positive in these additive models. This makes movement possible on efficiency frontiers, where improvement in some inputs or outputs requires worsening other inputs or outputs. A new definition is therefore introduced in which efficiency is attained only if the value of the worsenings is exactly offset by the value of the improvements. This includes, but is not restricted to, the case in which all slacks must be zero for full attainment of efficiency—as in standard versions of additive models.     

基于DEA模型的城市科技活动效率评价

将DEA理论应用于广东21城市科技活动的分析中，建立评价城市科技活动效率的数据包络分析模型，谊模型评价了各城市的总体效率和技术效率的状况，进而对非DEA有效的城市提出达到DEA有效的可行措施，并分析了城市科技活动效率和资源配置之间的关系。     

Closest targets and minimum distance to the Pareto-efficient frontier in DEA

In this paper, we propose a general approach to find the closest targets for a given unit according to a previously specified criterion of similarity. The idea behind this approach is that closer targets determine less demanding levels of operation for the inputs and outputs of the inefficient units to perform efficiently. Similarity can be interpreted as closeness between the inputs and outputs of the assessed unit and the proposed targets, and this closeness can be measured by using either different distance functions or different efficiency measures. Depending on how closeness is measured, we develop several mathematical programming problems that can be easily solved and guarantee to reach the closest projection point on the Pareto-efficient frontier. Thus, our approach leads to the closest targets by means of a single-stage procedure, which is easier to handle than those based on algorithms aimed at identifying all the facets of the efficient frontier.

评价与优选线路设计方案的DEA方法

根据数据包络分析方法的特点,提出了运用DEA模型对线路设计方案进行评价与优选,阐述了应用的步骤。通过实例验证了方法的可行性与有效性,并可得出非有效方案的缺陷所在,提出改进措施,为决策者提供更多管理信息。     

Assessing the efficiency of Turkish secondary education: Heterogeneity, centralization, and scale diseconomies

This paper begins with a historical overview of the Turkish educational system. We then use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and econometric methods to evaluate the system's efficiency. In doing so we identify scale diseconomies and relate them to underlying structural characteristics of the system. Selected suggestions on improving performance are offered. The roles of heterogeneity and centralization are also highlighted. Heterogeneity is modeled as an undesirable measure. The linkage between indicators of centralization and scale diseconomies was found to be statistically significant. The authors believe this to be the first study that investigates the impact of systemic characteristics such as heterogeneity and centralized structure on educational outcomes for Turkey. Since the country straddles the Middle East and the Balkans, culturally as well as geographically, it may be of interest to other countries in the region.     

DEA evaluations of long- and short-run efficiencies of digital vs. physical product “dot com” companies

This paper applies Data Envelopment Analysis to determine relative efficiencies between internet dot com companies that produce only physical products and those that produce only digital products. To allow for the fact that the latter are relatively inexperienced, a distinction is made between long- and short-run efficiencies and inefficiencies, with a finding of no statistically significant difference in the short run but digital product companies are significantly more efficient in the long run. A new way of distinguishing between long- and short-run performances is utilized that avoids the need for identifying the time periods associated with long-run vs. short-run efficiencies and inefficiencies. In place of “time,” this paper utilizes differences in the “properties” that economic theory associates with long- and short-run performances.     

我国装备制造业技术创新能力研究——基于DEA和Granger检验的实证分析

运用DEA和Granger检验,对我国装备制造业技术创新能力进行评价,对其创新动力进行实证分析。结果表明:我国装备制造业整体创新能力不强,多数行业的技术创新动力来自技术引进、技术改造,技术自主研发能力和消化吸收能力较弱,技术进步效应低下。文章分析了各子行业优势、劣势,并对其创新资源配置给出了指导提出相应的建议和措施。     

基于DEA方法的城市更新绩效评价——以北京市原西城区为例

通过回顾北京市1980年代以来的旧城改造进程,从政策驱动的角度分析旧城区对改造的响应。采用多目标决策的数据包络分析方法,以北京市原西城区为例,对其旧城改造做出综合绩效评价。总体来看,北京原市西城区旧城改造综合绩效良好,只有少数几年的政策实施和相关投入与城市发展规律不相吻合。北京旧城改造各项法规的落实和各种经济投入,推动了旧城区经济的发展和旧城风貌的改变,但对社会空间结构优化和景观环境的作用比较微弱。     

Notes on Sensitivity and Stability of the Classifications of Returns to Scale in Data Envelopment Analysis

As its title suggests, this note constitutes a critique of the paper by Seiford and Zhu (1999), Sensitivity and Stability of the Classifications of Returns to Scale (RTS) in Data Envelopment Analysis. By means of counter examples, we discuss some problems related to results presented in that paper.     

Measures in DEA with an Application to the Malmquist Index

This paper shows the importance of goal vectors G in measuring and dealing with DEA inefficiencies. It emphasizes the advantages of the family of additive relative to the traditional oriented DEA models and shifts the primary emphasis to measuring inefficiency rather than efficiency. This new (raw) inefficiency measure RIN incorporates both the traditional DEA efficiency and the DEA slacks and provides the background for a new approach to the Malmquist Index. The final section points out some deficiencies in existing computational procedures for selecting G and calls for continued research on the selection process, as well as showing a role for G in returns to scale studies.     

中国钢铁、汽车、房地产行业运行效率研究（2000-2004）——基于33家上市公司面板数据的DEA实证分析

本文运用33家上市公司面板数据和DEA方法的改进模型，从投入产出结合角度对我国2000-2004年间钢铁、汽车、房地产三大行业的运行效率进行实证研究，建立了运行效率评价模型（G0）及相应投影模型和评价指标体系；计算模型，求出各行业样本公司每年的运行效率指数、投影数据并推算出行业运行效率指数等其他相关数据，定量分析5年间三大行业运行效率的变化趋势，并进行比较研究，得出与事实相吻合的七个结论。     

Sensitivity and Stability of the Classifications of Returns to Scale in Data Envelopment Analysis

Sensitivity of the returns to scale (RTS) classifications in data envelopment analysis is studied by means of linear programming problems. The stability region for an observation preserving its current RTS classification (constant, increasing or decreasing returns to scale) can be easily investigated by the optimal values to a set of particular DEA-type formulations. Necessary and sufficient conditions are determined for preserving the RTS classifications when input or output data perturbations are non-proportional. It is shown that the sensitivity analysis method under proportional data perturbations can also be used to estimate the RTS classifications and discover the identical RTS regions yielded by the input-based and the output-based DEA methods. Thus, our approach provides information on both the RTS classifications and the stability of the classifications. This sensitivity analysis method can easily be applied via existing DEA codes.     

我国电信行业市场竞争、区域差异与生产效率

本文使用数据包络分析方法对2005～2007年国内31个省份的电信行业生产效率进行评价,并建立Tobit回归模型分析市场竞争和区域差异因素对生产效率的影响。研究结果表明:国内电信行业仍处于通过价格战等粗放式经营方式获取规模效率的发展阶段,市场竞争因素仅主要通过规模效率影响总体效率;移动市场方面加强移动市场竞争和移动对固定替代均对生产效率有利,固网市场方面中国网通主导市场的用户生产效率低于中国电信;区域差异因素同时通过技术效率和规模效率影响总体效率,其中东部地区生产效率明显高于西部地区。     

Evaluating Effectiveness in Public Provision of Infrastructure and Equipment: The Case of Spanish Municipalities

Concernabout local government ability to provide public services inan effective way is increasing in Spain as these functions arebeing decentralized from the central to regional governments.The goal of this research is to provide state and local officialswith a decision making tool that allows evaluation of the quantityand quality of the public services--infrastructure and equipment--thatthey are responsible for offering. We characterize performanceamong similar administrative observations, e.g. municipalities,by defining effectiveness improvement strategies--basedon selective funds allocation--that identify and rank thosesectors and variables that present provision deficits and requireprior attention. In order to evaluate provision at the municipalitylevel we define an additive effectiveness measure making useof Data Envelopment Analysis techniques which are enhanced toaccount for the presence of standards. The statistical data arefrom the Spanish Local Infrastructure and Equipment Survey.     

绩效标杆模型在输配电价管制中的应用

管制者在制定输配电价格时,常采用基于RPI-X公式的价格上限、收益上限、与标尺竞争管制,对于效率因数X的确定,许多国家倾向于应用基于企业的相对效率制定绩效标杆来确定。前沿绩效标杆方法主要运用DEA求出绩效较好的企业,作为参照绩效。本文讨论DEA方法在绩效标杆法中的应用,并用绩效标杆法解决电价管制的问题。     

组织绩效评价的DEA模型及应用

本文应用数据包络分析(DEA)模型C2R对几家大型医院的绩效进行了实证研究,一定程度上弥补了平衡记分法只侧重于对单个医院的组织绩效评价的不足之处,完善了对医院的组织绩效的评价体系,也为提高医院的组织绩效提供了参考依据和数据借鉴。     

我国城市经济增长效率与城市化效率比较分析

利用数据包络分析的曼奎斯特指数方法测算了2000-2008年我国248个城市的经济增长效率和城市化效率,比较分析了不同区域、不同等级城市的效率表现。研究发现,我国城市经济增长效率持续提高,但城市化长期处于低效率状态,严重滞后于经济增长;地级市两种效率的初始领先地位已逐渐被直辖市所取代;东部地区城市的效率表现优于其他地区,但不同等级城市之间差异较大,城市化严重滞后和轻微滞后的城市数量都比较多。认为通过合理的空间规划和产业引导,提高城市化效率、促进城市化与国民经济增长协调发展,是下一阶段城市发展要解决的关键问题。     

Returns to Scale and Scale Elasticity in Farrell,Russell and Additive Models

This research extends the Farrell-based returns to scale methodology into Russell and Additive models in three ways with the focus of relationships between interior points and projected points. First, we present and prove four theorems that identify the scale nature. Second, we compare these results with the scale elasticity results. Third, we present techniques for estimating upper and lower bounds for the scale elasticities.     

高校智力资本运作效率的数据包络分析

文章在综合分析高校智力资本的基本概念和主要内容的基础上，提出了用数据包络分析方法评价高校智力资本运作效率的基本思路与方法，并以8所高校在同一学科中的智力资本运作情况为算例，对数据包络分析的算法和所使用的计算工具作了说明。     

Accumulation, Technical Progress, and Increasing Returns in the Economic Growth of East Asia

Adopting homothetic variable returns to scale functional specifications, this study identifies the returns to scale in the aggregate production functions of four East Asian newly industrialized economies–Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan–and the Group of Five economies based on a maximum likelihood estimation. The study finds evidence of increasing returns in the early developmental stage of the East Asian economies. Separating out the scale contribution from the non-scale factor contributions, the decomposition of the sources of East Asian economic growth differs significantly from the conventional constant returns to scale results, indicating that the role of technical progress is overestimated when constant returns to scale is assumed.