Analysis of Beef Producers' Risk Management Perceptions and Desire for Further Risk Management Education

Beef cattle producers were surveyed in Texas and Nebraska to investigate perceptions of sources of risk, the effectiveness of risk management strategies, and interest in further risk management education, particularly production risk, using probit analysis. Important decision variables identified are age, prior use of risk management tools, previous attendances of risk management education, and risk aversion. Severe drought and cattle price variability are identified as primary risk factors with potential to affect farm income. Extremely cold weather and disease are of less importance. Understocking pasture and storing hay are perceived most effective as risk management options.     

我国肉牛养殖户纵向协作形式选择的影响因素分析

本文以吉林省和河北省部分肉牛养殖户为例,对影响农户纵向协作形式选择的影响因素进行了实证分析。研究表明,交易成本是养殖户肉牛销售渠道选择行为的主要影响因素。价格有保证程度、市场能否及时销售的风险程度对有一定饲养规模的农户(年出栏10头以上)选择销售渠道具有不同程度的正面影响;运输成本及风险程度、销售中的损失具有负影响;而农户饲养规模(在达到一定程度后)对销售形式选择的影响并不显著。这在一定程度上表明交易成本较农户自身特征和农户生产经营特征对农户纵向协作形式选择的影响更显著。     

森林经营者风险态度及其度量

风险态度影响个体对风险事件的认识及其对行动方案的选择,不同特性的个体,其风险态度应存在差异。在福建省建阳、建瓯、莆田、连城、上杭、武平、永安等地进行有关森林经营者风险态度问卷调查的基础上,分别利用"标准赌博"衡量法、调查问卷法和经济学试验这三种度量方法,对福建省三类森林经营者的风险态度分别进行度量的结果表明:除了"标准赌博"衡量法无法区分三类森林经营主体风险态度差异性外,调查问卷法和经济学试验均表明各个森林经营者风险态度存在着差异性。森林培育企业和森林培育专业户的风险态度属于风险厌恶,但企业的厌恶程度大于专业户,而兼业农户的风险态度则属于风险偏好。     

Public–Private Partnerships for Biosecurity: An Opportunity for Risk Sharing

Private efforts to prevent and control biological pests and infectious diseases can be a public good, and so incentivising private biosecurity management actions is both desirable and problematic. Compensation contracts can encourage biosecurity efforts, provide support against the collapse of economic sectors, and create an insurance network. We conceptualise a novel biosecurity instrument relying on formal compensation private–public partnerships using contract theory. Our framework explains how the public sector can harness increased private biosecurity measures by making payments to agents which depend both on their performance and that of the other stakeholders. Doing so allows the government to spread the risk across signatory agents. The framework also improves our understanding of government involvement due to public effects of biosecurity, influenced by the private agents’ capacity to derive private benefit from their own efforts on monitoring and control. Lastly, these theoretical results provide a foundation for further study of contractual responsibility sharing for pest management.     

Risk and Producer Compensation in the Agenda 2000 Cereal Reforms: A Note

This note takes the view that existing studies of the impact of the Agenda 2000 cereal reform package have mis‐specified the impact of this package on a producer's price distribution. It is argued that an accurate assessment of this package requires use of the methodology outlined in Fraser (1991), and that use of this methodology highlights the central role of expected world prices in determining whether producer perceptions of this impact are favourable or unfavourable. A numerical analysis in the context of wheat producers generates an estimate for expected world prices of 111–112 Euros/tonne above which producers will perceive the package favourably. This estimate is found to be robust with respect to the key parameters of the analysis.     

Forging Strategic Alliances in Canada's Agrifood Sector: Framework for Analysis and Action

In recent years, participants in Canadas agrifood sector have become more concerned about their competitiveness and have identified strategic alliances as being vital to becoming more competitive. This paper is a review of economics, strategic management and other social science literature examining several issues such as:

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  the types of objectives organizations should pursue using strategic alliances
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  the appropriate configuration for a strategic alliance, given its objectives
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  advantages and disadvantages of strategic alliances versus other types of business relationships
• •

  factors that enhance or inhibit organizations' abilities to forge alliances.

The latter part of the paper concentrates on what managers interested in pursuing strategic alliances can do to enhance their chances of success.     

Evolving Marketing Channels for Beef and Lamb in the United Kingdom-

This paper investigates the effects of: (1) recent changes to food safety legislation; (2) increasing consumer concerns over animal welfare; and (3) further market integration in the European Union on British agribusiness firms involved in marketing beef and lamb. It is hypothesized that these changes will alter the transaction costs associated with marketing these products. As a result, there is likely to be a reduction in the number of animals sold for slaughter through traditional auction markets and an increase in direct contracting or strategic alliances between supermarkets and farmers' marketing cooperatives.     

Impacts of Declining U.S. Retail Beef Demand on Farm-Level Beef Prices and Production

A systems model was estimated to determine the effects of declining U.S. retail beef demand on farm-level beef prices and production. Retail beef demand declined by nearly 66% from 1976 to 1999. Results indicate autonomous shifts in retail demand significantly impacted farm-level demands and production. Based on equilibrium multipliers, the 1976–99 reduction in beef demand decreased real slaughter cattle prices and production by 32.1% and 11.2%, respectively. Real feeder cattle prices and production decreased by 8.0% and 22.6%, respectively. Combining the decreases in farm prices and production, slaughter and feeder cattle producers experienced a real revenue reduction of $13.3 billion (61%) due to the long-term decline in demand.     

Economics of an Integrated Manurial Biogas and Protein Recovery System for Beef Cattle

Fermentation of livestock manure for the production of biogas is not economically viable given current and prospective energy prices, as long as the residue from the fermentation process is used on agricultural land as a source of crop nutrients. An alternative use of the residue is to separate out the solid fraction for use as a source of protein and minerals for livestock. This alternative was evaluated for a commercial beef feedlot in Ontario, and was found to provide attractive returns using feed replacement values for the residue solids, even when a zero value was attributed to the biogas, and when real interest rates reached 7 percent. Economies of size were also found.     

食品质量安全与中国肉牛业的发展

尽管中国大规模地发展肉牛业开始于 2 0世纪 80年代中期 ,但是在过去的 1 5年中 ,牛肉生产和消费的增长是非常显著的 (朗沃斯等 ,2 0 0 1 ;张存根等 ,2 0 0 0 ;刘玉满 ,2 0 0 0 )。各级政府为了达到一些重要的发展、环境等政策目标 ,一直在积极推动肉牛业的发展。在这些政策目标中 ,最重要的是把肉牛业作为区域开发和提高农副产品利用率的基础 ,最终提高贫困农户的收入水平 (朗沃斯等 ,2 0 0 1 ;张存根、朗沃斯 ,2 0 0 0 )。肉牛业的迅猛扩展以及生产、加工、营销部门的高度分散性 ,已经使这个新产业产生了一些重大的食品安全问题。随着食品…     

基于公平性的征地补偿方案研究

研究目的研究确定公平性征地补偿方案.研究方法基尼系数和洛沦茨曲线的公平性定量分析方法.研究结果(1)基于公平性的征地补偿方案以财政收入的可负担程度为约束条件;(2)公平性征地补偿方案的影响因素包括社会、经济与自然三方面.研究结论运用基尼系数调整现有征地补偿费用,确定较为公平的、财政可承担的可行方案.     

The Prospects for Export of Primal Beef Cuts to California*

The west coast of the United States has been suggested as a large potential market for Alberta beef products. The paper presents a formal investigation of this market for primal beef cuts. Three aspects are covered; the compatability of Canadian and United States grading and cutting specifications, the profitability of such exports using historical data, and the availability of market information to Canadian producers. The results suggest that the Alberta industry could increase profits considerably by entering the United States market but that the process will require considerable flexibility and a commitment to improved market information.     

新征地补偿标准与征地补偿多元化模型分析

我国现行征地补偿标准存在补偿标准低和模式单一等缺陷,国土资源部即将出台的新征地补偿标准也仅是在补偿倍数上进行调整,并没有进行质的改变.通过分析目前国内征地补偿研究现状,针对即将出台的新征地补偿标准,提出了包括建立征地补偿专用基金、公益性与经营性征地对农民进行同等补偿、重新确定征地补偿费的构成及量化等内容的征地补偿多元化模型.     

论管制性征收与生态公益林补偿

对森林资源管制是现行各国的通例,但管制与行政补偿国别差异很大。一般是合理管制不补偿,过度管制给予补偿。域外法把过度管制称为管制性征收,纳入公用征收范围。通过研究,文章认为大部分生态公益林管制属于管制性征收,应补偿林地、林木损失和提供安置补助,并对现有补偿制度和政策提出了完善建议。     

Thinking Styles and Financial Characteristics of Selected Canadian Farm Managers

The thinking styles of selected Canadian farm managers are identified using the life styles inventory (LSI). The farmers'LSI scores are compared with those of a base sample of nonfarmers, and correlations between the farmers'LSI scores and financial indicators are examined. Results indicate that farmers do thinking differently than nonfarmers and that there are significant correlations between thinking styles and financial measures.     

Interprovincial Reallocation of Market Sharing Quota for Industrial Milk

This paper examines allocations of industrial milk quota across provinces in Canada under two hypothetical scenarios. The study focuses on the case where considerable reallocation of production occurs across farms and provinces due to changes in the distribution of quota holdings. The allocations are determined using linear programming (LP) analysis, where the objective of the optimization problem is to minimize the delivered cost of products such as cheese, butter, ice cream, and yogurt. The LP model seeks to meet provincial targets for domestic disappearance on a milk-equivalent basis in the short to medium term, where limits are imposed on the maximum achievable growth of production and processing capacity in any one I he conclusions are that reallocation of existing quota across farms and provinces has a potential to reduce considerably the costs of industrial milk production and the cost of transporting manufactured products.     

关于森林生态效益经济补偿机制的探讨

森林生态效益经济补偿机制是现阶段推进我国林业向纵深发展的关键性措施 ,必须以马克思主义的劳动价值论和再生产理论作为分析该问题的基础。受外在补偿的应该是特定公益林的经营者 ,而不包括商品林的经营者。补偿的标准是价值补偿 ,为保证公益林的扩大再生产 ,必须保证公益林经营也有盈利 ,使用者补偿途径应该分步到位 ,逐步推进 ,国家、各级政府、各主管部门参与 ,采取行之有效的办法加以实施。