金融发展、农村金融发展与农村经济增长——基于1980—2007年的实证分析

本文对1980—2007年农村经济和金融发展因素之间的关系进行格兰杰因果检验,发现我国总体金融发展、农村金融发展规模与农村GDP之间存在单向因果关系,农村经济增长是总体金融发展的格兰杰原因,农村金融发展规模是农村经济的格兰杰原因,农村金融发展效率和农村固定资产投资与农村GDP之间不存在格兰杰因果关系。     

乡村振兴战略下农村金融与农业经济发展互动关系的实证研究

运用VAR模型,采用我国2000—2018年相关数据,分析了农村金融发展与农业经济增长的关系。分析结果表明,农村金融发展规模、农村金融发展效率、农村金融发展结构和农业经济发展之间存在长期协整关系;前一期的农业经济增长对当期的农业经济增长影响最大,前一期的农村金融发展规模、农村金融发展效率、农村金融发展结构对当期农业经济增长存在不同程度的影响;农业经济发展与农村金融发展之间存在格兰杰因果关系。从整体上看,农村金融发展促进了农业经济增长,但农业经济增长没有很好地回馈农村金融发展。     

农村金融发展与农村经济增长的相关性研究——以辽宁省为例

长期以来,农村金融发展与农村经济增长的关系一直是人们广泛关注的问题.以辽宁省为研究对象,依据辽宁省农村金融发展和经济增长的实际数据,构造和使用金融相关率、金融支农程度等指标,使用平稳性检验、协整检验和格兰杰因果检验等计量经济学方法,对辽宁省农村金融发展和经济增长进行了实证检验,进而明确辽宁省农村金融发展在促进经济增长中的作用,对辽宁省的有关金融发展理论和政策研究起到抛砖引玉的意义.     

我国水产品贸易对农业经济增长影响的实证研究——基于1980—2008年数据的协整分析

本文根据1980—2008年的时间序列数据,对我国水产品贸易对农业经济增长的影响进行了实证研究。结果表明我国水产品进口、出口和总贸易量与农业经济增长之间存在着长期稳定的均衡关系。在此基础上,还对各变量之间进行了Granger因果检验,表明水产品的进口与农业经济增长是单向的格兰杰因果关系。     

新疆农业资金投入与农民收入效应关系的实证研究

[目的]为清晰识别农业资金投入对新疆农民收入的影响程度,并给予地方政府进一步优化调整农业资金使用效能提供参考依据。[方法]文章选取1978~2013年新疆统计数据,采用协整分析、误差修正模型等方法对财政支农、农业贷款、农民自主投资与新疆农民人均纯收入进行了实证探究。[结果]新疆地区财政支农、农业信贷、农民自主投资与农民人均纯收入之间存在长期均衡关系;而短期内财政支农、农业信贷以及农户自主投资的促进效应不如长期明显,其中农业贷款的收入效应远低于财政支农和农民自主投资;财政支农、农民自主投资与农民人均纯收入在短期内具有格兰杰因果关系,长期则格兰杰因果关系解释力逐渐减弱,而农业贷款在短期内不是新疆农民人均纯收入增长的格兰杰原因,长期则互为格兰杰因果关系。[结论]该文提出加大财政支农投入力度,提高财政资金配置效率;推动农村金融改革,提高农村金融效率;提振农民自主积累资金投资的积极性等政策含义,以期为新疆"三农问题"有效解决提供坚实可靠的资本基础。     

河北能源消耗与经济增长关系分析

对河北省能耗与经济增长之间的协整和因果分析研究表明：河北省能源消耗与经济增长之间存在长期均衡关系;由格兰杰因果关系分析得出,产值增加是能源消耗的Granger原因,能源消耗不是产值增加的Granger原因。     

农村金融发展、农业科技进步与农民收入增长

本文在构建多变量VAR模型后,采用协整分析、格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应函数和方差分解等方法对1980—2011年我国农村金融发展、农业科技进步贡献率和农民收入增长率的相互关系及动态演进进行了实证检验。检验结果表明,我国农村金融发展和农业科技进步特别是农业科技进步显著促进了农民收入增长。因此,要加快农村金融市场建设,提高农村金融服务效率,加大农业科技投入,提高农业科技转化效益,通过金融与技术的有机结合来推动农民收入持续增长。     

黑龙江省森林游憩与旅游产业发展的互动效果分析

森林游憩业的发展是黑龙江省林业经济转型发展的新方向,也是旅游产业发展的重点所在。通过协整检验与格兰杰因果关系检验辨析黑龙江省森林游憩发展与旅游产业发展之间的内在关系,并运用VAR模型与脉冲响应函数分析森林游憩增长与旅游产业增长之间的互动关系,从而为推动黑龙江省森林游憩发展,带动旅游产业收入增长提供相关依据。     

政府消费对经济增长的影响实证分析——以甘肃省为例

本文以甘肃省为例,运用计量方法,通过协整检验、格兰杰因果检验、误差修正模型,量化政府消费支出与经济增长之间的关系,重在考察政府消费支出对经济增长的作用机制和作用方向。     

财政分权、农业经济增长与城乡收入差距

本文将财政分权制度、农业经济增长与城乡收入差距纳入统一的逻辑分析框架下,利用1985—2010年时间序列数据,基于向量自回归模型VAR分析的研究认为,城乡收入差距、农业经济增长和财政分权之间具有长期均衡关系,财政分权短期内会加剧城乡收入差距,但长期内会缓解城乡收入差距。通过误差修正模型、格兰杰因果关系检验、脉冲响应与方差分解等系统考察了三者间短期动态影响。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.