外资银行进入对发展中国家银行体系绩效的影响:全球实证研究

本文以外资银行进入条件下的发展中国家银行业为研究对象,对外资银行进入如何影响东道国银行体系绩效进行了理论分析和跨国实证检验。基于全球69个发展中国家上千家银行的数据分析发现,尽管在不同绩效方面,外资银行的进入效应不尽相同,但都满足"竞争——学习提升——竞争"这个内在统一的逻辑;在这个逻辑下,东道国银行体系的学习能力和发展空间是影响外资银行进入效用的关键因素。本文在进一步对银行效率的实证检验中发现,外资银行的进入具有阈值效应,即只有当东道国银行体系发育到一定程度时,外资银行进入才会带来显著的正效应。     

外资银行在华经营动机、策略及其对银行业的影响

本文根据外资银行跨国经营的理论,对外资银行在中国金融市场的发展阶段、动机和经营策略作了较全面的分析,并着重考察了中国加入WTO后在华外资银行经营行为的变化和调整,意在探讨隐藏在这些变化后的外资银行在中国发展的整体策略。本文还分析了外资银行进入对我国国内银行绩效影响的短期效应,并同其它发展中国家的情况进行了对比研究。计量结果表明,由于我国经济金融体制上的固有特点,我国银行业绩效在面临外资竞争时,也表现出了较大的不同。     

银行数据集中:凸显五大特色

外资银行带着先进的现代商业银行管理机制和IT经营模式进入中国,使原本已十分激烈的国有商业银行之间、国有商业银行与股份制银行之间的竞争更加残酷,在这场国际化竞争中,科技优势就是服务优势,也就是银行业生存与发展的基石。     

外资银行在我国发展情况分析与思考

外资银行在中国发展的目的是追求利润最大化,随着中国完全对外开放金融市场,对外资银行降低准入标准,同时外资银行顺应潮流,结合自身优势和目标市场,采用符合自身利益的经营特点,而走上了良性发展轨道,持续保持增长势头。外资银行的经营优势已是人所周知,本文重点分析外资银行的发展特点,使中资银行对其有所了解,也起一定的参考作用,知己知彼,扬长避短,方能在竞争中保持不败。     

银行信用卡市场的竞争对策

按照中国政府的庄严承诺,外资银行今年将进入国内金融领域。据专家和金融界人士分析,外资银行在国内金融领域将首先进入银行信用卡市场。面对外资银行参与竞争,国内银行信用卡业务如何运作,采取哪些对策,才能在竞争中占有一席之地,这是入世后,人们对金融领域普遍关心的一个问题。一、充分认识银行信用卡市场的现状及其特点充分认识银行信用卡市场的现状及其特点,有针对性地采取措施,扬长避短,这是面对外资银行参与竞争,我国信用卡市场必须首先解决的认识前提。我国的信用卡业务经过十多年的经营和发展其影响和规模都有了一定的基础,优势     

试论“入世”对国有商业银行的挑战

外资银行全面准入后，首先受到挑战的将是我国金融系统的管理制度，包括人事管理体制、财务管理体制和分业经营管理体制。外资银行先进的管理模式必然对我国银行业的经营状况带来巨大冲击，也必将改变中国银行业的市场竞争格局。　　中国加入 WTO以后，外资银行进入并形成对我们的直接压力和竞争，还需要一定的时间，金融市场的开放将有一个循序渐进的过程，国内商业银行“入世”以后的潜在优势在相当一段时期内依然是存在的，如网点布局相对优势；本币业务经营优势；对国内市场熟悉以及与企业建立的长期合作纽带关系；人民银行将会运用 W…     

浅谈外资银行的竞争优势及其在中国的营销策略

改革开放以后，外资银行逐步进入我国。外资银行的进入，一方面活跃了我国的金融市场，促进了我国的经济发展。同时，也给我国的金融业带来了冲击和影响，尤其是对我国国有商业银行形成了压力和挑战。我国加入WTO后将逐步开放人民币业务，加入WTO五年后，将允许外资银行经营人民币零售业务，取消设立外资银行的地域限制，这首先意味着我国商业银行将全面参与国际竞争，而外资银行在竞争中具有明显的优势。     

外资银行潜在并购行为分析

随着我国正式加入WTO ,中外银行的竞争正式开始。在新的环境中 ,外资银行的业务拓展将采用全新策略 ,因此研究外资银行的竞争策略和方式就非常重要。在外资银行进入人民币业务过程中 ,外资银行的并购活动将在未来的银行竞争中占重要地位。由于实力相差较大 ,国内商业银行要在并购过程中实现双赢的可能性不大 ,制定相应的对策是非常必要的。     

国有商业银行纳税筹划的思考

2006年12月11日,我国对外资银行金融机构实行国民待遇,国内银行与外资银行在业务范围、监管、客户等方面开始在一个平台上展开竞争。纳税筹划、合理避税是外资银行常用的成熟的经营手段,国有商业银行要在竞争中取得优势,必须重视和运用纳税筹划手段,以实现经营目标。     

对工行湘潭市分行中间业务发展的分析与建议

近年来随着金融业竞争的日益加剧、资本市场的发展、企业直接融资的加强、市场金融体制的逐步建立,传统的商业银行业务的主导地位和竞争优势相对减弱,商业银行的竞争将更多地从传统银行业务转向中间业务、从传统中间业务转向新兴中间业务.如何推动中间业务的快速持续发展已经成为湘潭分行全面落实科学发展观,实践发展争速度、经营争效益、同业争占比、系统争位置、管理控成本、内控保安全经营理念函需解决的关键问题.     

发展中国家银行国际化的影响因素研究

发展中国家银行在海外的发展具有不同于发达国家的特点,其机构分布的广度和分布数量显示,发展中国家银行基于自身经济发展的阶段及特点,对海外发展以跟进市场和支持母行发展为策略,倾向于在发达国家、金融中心和对母国有更多贸易进口的国家建立据点;银行在海外分支机构的数量与其资产规模成正比,与母国的经济开放水平也具有较强的相关性。本文运用发展中国家的银行数据,采用实证方法检验影响发展中国家银行国际化的因素。     

Determinants of the capital adequacy ratio of foreign banks’ subsidiaries: The role of interbank market and regulation

This paper examines the factors influencing the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of foreign banks. We test whether the CAR of subsidiaries and branches in developed and developing countries depends on the same factors. We use data from 310 subsidiaries and 265 branches to test the impact of the parent banks’ fundamentals on subsidiaries’ and branches’ capital ratios. We also study how the economic condition and regulatory environment in a bank's home country determine foreign banks’ CAR. Our results provide strong evidence that the CAR of subsidiaries and branches operating in developing and developed countries do not depend on the same set of explanatory factors. We also find that the regulatory framework of a parent bank's home country affects the capitalization of its foreign subsidiaries in the host countries. Finally, we show that specific variables of the parent bank have a stronger effect for foreign banks highly related to the interbank market.     

How does foreign entry affect domestic banking markets?

Using 7900 bank observations from 80 countries for the 1988–1995 period, this paper examines the extent and effect of foreign presence in domestic banking markets. We investigate how net interest margins, overhead, taxes paid, and profitability differ between foreign and domestic banks. We find that foreign banks have higher profits than domestic banks in developing countries, but the opposite is the case for developed countries. Estimation results suggest that an increased presence of foreign banks is associated with a reduction in profitability and margins for domestic banks.     

外国银行机构进入及其威胁

中国银行业全方位对外开放日益临近,外资银行在华发展已进入加速阶段。外资银行机构的大举挺进,势必对中资银行的生存发展构成现实威胁,而包括发达市场经济国家在内的世界许多国家对外国银行的进入都有相应的限制性措施。基于此,我国银行业对内开放不仅迫在眉睫,而且银行业对外开放中的自我保护同样势在必行。     

The relationship between corporate governance and foreign ownership of the banks in developing countries

The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of corporate governance on foreign ownership of the banks. Within this context, annual data of 65 developing countries for the periods between 2004 and 2013 was analyzed. In addition to this situation, 7 explanatory variables were used in this study in order to achieve this objective. As a result of the analysis, it was identified that there is a strong relationship between operations of foreign banks and governance levels of the countries. In this regard, it was determined that the factors of corruption, political stability, rule of law and flexibility in legal regulations affect foreign bank operations. Moreover, it was also analyzed that foreign bank operations are stronger in the countries that have low poverty, high political stability and efficient legal infrastructure. On the other hand, it was defined that strict legal regulation affects foreign bank operations negatively which shows that foreign banks prefer to enter into the countries that have flexible legal regulations. This study gives essential information to developing countries about the factors that affect the decisions of foreign banks in order to enter into a developing country. Therefore, by considering the results of this study, the authorities of these countries can have a chance to take necessary actions so as to attract foreign banks.     

SOUTH-SOUTH TRADE: Theory, Evidence, and Policy

Recently a number of commentators have argued that trade policyin developing countries should be deployed discriminatorilyto encourage the expansion of trade among southern countries.Such a strategy is seen as being central in the framing of anew international economic order. This article evaluates thearguments in favor of a relative expansion of South-South tradeand reviews the experience of developing countries with discriminatoryregional trading arrangements. It contends that the case forspecific policies to promote South-South trade is not convincingand that experience with discriminatory arrangements is notencouraging. The expansion of South-South trade can be expectedto continue in the context of multilateral trade expansion,and the potential gains are likely to be greater if this processis allowed to evolve freely in a multilateral setting.      

Foreign banks and credit in Mexico

The role that foreign banks play in developing countries has been arduously debated. Foreign banks can improve the efficiency of the banking sector in the host country but they can also undermine local banks by selecting only the most trustworthy borrowers. In this paper, I analyze the period between 2005 and 2014 and compare the differences between foreign and domestic banks in Mexico and Colombia. Analyzing Mexico is of great importance given that foreign banks control more than 80% of the banking assets. Also, given the difference in institutional development between Mexico and Colombia, I can control for regulatory environment. After controlling for size, institutional development, and country of origin, I find that foreign banks have not stimulated growth in Mexico through commercial loans. Previous studies suggest that this lack of credit to companies may be due to a weak enforcement of contracts rather than to foreign ownership. However, Colombia has a weaker enforcement of contracts environments and foreign banks also do not provide as many commercial loans as domestic banks. This paper is of particular interest to regulators in developing countries that need foreign capital and those that want to intensify the allocation of commercial credit.     

外资银行进入能够促进企业创新吗？——基于跨国的经验证据

基于1995-2015年28个国家(地区)的8453家制造业上市公司数据,本文实证检验了外资银行进入对以研发投入度量的企业创新的影响。研究表明,外资银行进入能够显著提高东道国企业的研发投入。一系列稳健性检验结果表明上述结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,外资银行进入对企业创新的边际促进作用在金融发展水平较低、政府干预较多以及法治环境较差的国家(地区)中更加显著。本文从跨国视角考察了外资银行进入对东道国企业创新的影响,为理解外资银行进入与经济增长之间的关系提供来自企业创新活动层面的新经验证据,也为中国等发展中国家加快银行业对外开放提供可供借鉴的理论依据。     

Foreign Bank Entry: Experience, Implications for Developing Economies, and Agenda for Further Research

In recent years foreign banks have expanded their presence significantlyin several developing economies. In Argentina and Chile in LatinAmerica and in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland in EasternEurope, foreign-controlled banks now hold more than half oftotal banking assets. In other regions the trend is similar,though foreign bank entry has been slower. Despite the growingnumber of countries embracing foreign bank entry, importantquestions are still being debated: What draws foreign banksto a country? Which banks expand abroad? What do foreign banksdo once they arrive? How do foreign banks' mode of entry andorganizational form affect their behavior? This article summarizescurrent knowledge on these issues. Because the existing literaturefocuses heavily on developed economies, it also puts forth anagenda for further study of the causes and effects of foreignbank entry in developing economies.      

外资银行进入中国决定因素的实证研究

本文运用1996--2009年的面板数据,以外资银行在华营业性机构数量为因变量,从外资银行母吲的宏观因素、东道国的制度因素和母国与东道同的联系三个方面检验外资银行进入中国市场的影响因素？结果显示,外资银行进入程度与母国的经济发展水平、母同对中国的FDI、母国与中国的双边贸易量呈正相关父系,与两国的地理距离呈负相关关系,而与母同银行业的存贷利差没有显著关系,并且,2006年底我国对银行业的开放政策显著地促进了外资银行的进入。