Optimal Schooling Investments and Earnings: An Analysis Using Australian Twins Data

The potential impact that unobserved ability can have on both schooling and earnings outcomes has been modelled by Ashenfelter and Rouse (1998). This paper applies their model to the Australian Twins Sample. The best estimate of the return to schooling for genetically identical (or MZ) twins is 8.9 per cent. Measurement errors in the schooling data are shown to constitute a more serious problem than the omission of the family effects that impact on ability. Individuals from higher ability families receive a lower marginal benefit from their investment in human capital.     

Fiscal Illusion at the Local Level: An Empirical Test Using Australian Municipal Data

This paper seeks to extend the literature on the empirical analysis of fiscal illusion in two ways. First, it provides a simultaneous test of four specific hypotheses subsumed under fiscal illusion, namely the revenue-complexity, renter illusion, debt illusion and flypaper models. and second, it adds evidence drawn from the Australian institutional milieu to existing empirical work which has an overwhelming North American focus. Using 1991 data from 46 local government authorities in Tasmania, the results suggest significant support for revenue-complexity, debt illusion, and the degree of indirectness of the revenue system.     

A Characterization of Australian Unemployment Compensation: An Analysis of Labour Market Adjustment*

This paper uses a labour contracting framework to analyze the microeconomics of the Australian unemployment compensation system. We find that employers adjust labour inputs by using layoffs rather than shortened workweeks or work-sharing during economic recessions. Increases in government benefits tend to reinforce this result Countervailing influences are shown to be the severity of the income test applying to benefits eligibility and the Family Allowance Supplement in its role as supplementing the income of low-income families.     

Adjustment of Profits: Evidence from Australian Manufacturing

Studies of industry profitability generally deal with long-run equilibrium models, making no allowance for slow adjustment to equilibrium. In this study, a cross-sectional analysis is carried out against a sample of Australian manufacturing industries at the Australian Standard Industrial Classification (ASIC) four-digit level between 1977–78 and 1984–85. Firstly, a profit model is estimated in equilibrium form as well as allowing for both uniform and variable adjustment rates across industries. The variable adjustment model is superior, with either model implying at least half adjustment to equilibrium within the seven-year sample period. Secondly, results are examined for the impact of firm homogeneity of firms within industries. Homogeneity of firms is found to have substantial impact,increasing both the estimated profits-concentration relationship and the estimated speed of adjustment.     

金融发展影响产业结构优化的实证研究

产业结构优化是经济增长的重要推动力。影响产业结构优化的因素众多,金融发展就是一项重要因素。本文利用中国31个省市面板数据模型,实证研究了金融发展对产业结构优化的影响。结论认为,在产业结构优化进程中,金融发展总量的增长有明显的推动效果,金融效率的提高没有表现出积极的促进作用。同时,产业结构的优化并不一定带来金融发展总量的增长。     

Internet Economics and Policy: An Australian Perspective

Publicly available information indicates that the demand and supply of Internet and Internet–related services are continuing to expand at a rapid pace. Since 1997 the number of Internet service providers (facilities–based and resellers) has increased by nearly 40 per cent; the number of points–of–presence per Internet service provider has increased by five times; the number of hosts connected to the Internet has more than quadrupled; and Internet traffic has increased from six to 10 times. The emergence of electronic commerce (e–commerce), driven by this rapid adoption of Internet services and continual technological innovation, is likely to have profound economic and social impacts on Australian society. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the impact of the Internet and e–commerce, ranging from the changes in the market structure of the telecommunications industry, its role in changing the organisation of traditional markets, the emergence of new markets, and the structural shifts to employment, productivity and trade. The paper also analyses contemporary Australian regulatory responses.     

资本结构动态调整研究综述

目前,很多学者纷纷采用动态资本结构模型,来证实资本结构具有动态调整的特性.资本结构动态调整理论认为公司并不是在任何时候都处于最优资本结构状态,随机事件的发生和调整成本的存在使得企业的实际资本结构偏离了其目标资本结构.企业在不断地向目标资本结构进行部分调整,且调整速度与企业规模、盈利能力等企业特征变量,与资本市场类型等宏观经济变量和企业偏离目标资本结构的程度等有关.     

Measuring Efficiency in Higher Education: An Empirical Study Using a Bootstrapped Data Envelopment Analysis

This paper applies data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess technical efficiency in a big public university. Particular attention has been paid to two main activities, teaching and research, and on two large groups, the Science and Technology (ST) sector and the Humanity and Social Science (HSS) sector. The findings, based to data from 2005 to 2009, suggest that the ST sector is more efficient in terms of quality of research than the HSS sector, that instead achieves higher efficiency in teaching activities. The efficiency estimates strongly depend on the output specification, given that the use of several quality proxies, such as three research and two student questionnaire-based teaching alternative indices, reduce performance and its differentials for both research and teaching activities. A bootstrap technique is also used to provide confidence intervals for efficiency scores and to obtain bias-corrected estimates. The Malmquist index is calculated to measure changes in productivity.     

中国季度GDP季节调整分析

迄今为止,很少有关于中国季度GDP的研究.文章主要研究中国季度GDP时间序列的特性.通过软件DEMETRA 2.O,使用X-12-ARIMA和TRAMO-SEATS两种方法分解序列,给出了对中国季度GDP季节调整完整的诊断结果和基本的分析结论.     

从“大数据”到“智能数据”——剖析德国国家智能数据创新实验室的定位和模式

面对全球范围的大数据之争,德国具备信息技术产业及市场快速增长、信息技术服务业和软件业世界领先、传统制造业数字化基础良好等优势条件,亦有明显的结构性缺陷。为落实数字变革战略,实施数字议程,提升德国在大数据领域的核心竞争力,德国联邦政府联合科技界和产业界代表,启动了全新的国家尖端研究平台一一智能数据创新实验室,提出智能数据创新理念,通过推动产学研合作,对大数据进行进阶的智能化处理,以抢占未来的战略发展高地。本文对该平台的定位和模式进行了剖析,供国内有关部门参考。     

实际经济时间序列的计算、季节调整及相关经济含义

本文首先讨论了计算中国实际经济时间序列的不同做法 ,并分析了其对季节调整的影响 ,指出通过同比增长率计算实际变量并进行季节调整是一个可以接受的做法 ,可以得到非常接近真实的季调后序列 ,并且在中国现有数据资源的限制下拥有一些特别的优势。然后本文具体讨论了对几个不同经济变量进行季节调整的方法 ,并给出了一些在经济数据分析与预测中的简单应用。方法的关键是采用regARIMA模型 ,从而可以对工作日变化、放长假、春节因素等作出一个估计和调整。作为一个副产品 ,本文引荐了一个相对较新的季节调整程序 (方法 ) ,TRAMO SEATS ,简单介绍了它的原理和优势 ,希望今后能得到更广泛的应用。     

农民工返乡和留乡的基本态势与特征分析——基于全国六省十村数据的实证研究

2008年下半年以来,随着国内外经济形势的变化,我国农民工流动出现异动状况,返乡农民工问题日益突出。本文以全国六省十村的数据为基础,详细评估了当前我国农民工流动的基本态势,分析了农民工返乡和留乡的时间、原因以及留乡农民工的基本特征,并进一步探讨了留乡农民工的再就业状况及其对回流地区的影响。     

季节时间序列理论发展综述

随着社会的进步,统计数据由过去的年度数据变为如今的季度、月度和日度数据,有些以实时交易为基础的超高频金融数据达到了按秒为间隔的频率,这些数据被称为季节时间序列。季节时间序列研究已经成为近十年来经济计量学和统计学中的热点,Joumal of Econometrics（1993,volume 55）就此问题进行了专题讨论。本文按照历史发展顺序对季节性时间序列理论进行了系统地介绍,并对这一领域的前沿热点问题进行了评述和展望。