自愿性变更审计师与审计意见关系的验证

明晰自愿性交更审计师行为与审计意见二者深层次关系可以更好地把握审计产品质量.之前一些关于上期非标准审计意见将会导致本期公司变更审计师的观点有失偏颇.在关于上期审计意见对本期变更审计师、本期变更审计师对后期审计意见类型影响的研究中,相对于被出具标准审计意见的公司而言,上期被出具非标准审计意见的公司不仅不会倾向于本期变更审计师,而且当公司上期被出具的是持续经营非标准审计意见时,本期发生变更审计师的可能性会显著降低.本期变更审计师行为显著提高了公司后期被出具标准审计意见的概率,显著降低了公司被出具持续经营非标准审计意见的概率.变更审计师的决策依据是预期审计意见的改善而不是上期审计意见类型.     

公司治理机制影响高质量外部审计需求的实证研究

本文以2003～2009年我国上市公司及其主审会计师事务所为研究样本,在控制了上市公司规模、盈利能力以及财务风险等因素后,实证检验了上市公司治理机制与高质量外部审计需求之间的关系。研究发现,非国有最终控股的上市公司比国有控股的公司选择高质量审计的概率要大;上市公司董事会规模越大,则越倾向于选择高质量的外部审计;设立审计委员会的公司和管理层持股的公司则更有可能选择高质量的外部审计师;而第一大股东持股比例与董事会中独立董事的比例对上市公司对高质量外部审计需求情况的影响并不显著。     

事务所变更环境下审计费用与审计质量的实证研究

本文从会计师事务所更换的角度,考察了继任审计师审计收费的变化,以及变更后审计收费与审计质量的相关性。     

扭亏、审计师变更与审计意见购买

本文中使用了修正的Lennox审计意见估计模型．对2001年到2003年有扭亏行为的上市公司的审计师变更和审计意见购买的关系进行了研究；并分析了变更后的审计意见同盈余管理之间的关系。研究发现：扭亏与审计师变更显著正相关；上期出具非标准无保留审计意见且本期发生事务所变更的公司不但不能实现审计意见的购买，而且有加重审计意见的趋势；盈余管理程度与审计意见的改善负相关。     

内部控制质量与审计师变更——来自我国上市公司的经验证据

以我国2010年变更审计师的上市公司作为样本,采用主成分分析方法构建衡量上市公司内部控制质量的指标,对内部控制质量与审计师变更的关系进行研究。研究发现:上市公司内部控制质量越低,变更审计师的可能性越大;而变更审计师的公司对高质量审计的需求概率则与内部控制质量变化表现为倒U型曲线关系,即对于变更审计师的公司,在变更方向上,高质量审计需求与内部控制质量的变化表现出先上升、后下降的趋势。这说明当内部控制足够有效时,内部控制与高质量审计之间具有替代关系。     

媒体监督能提升审计效率吗? ——基于审计延时的视角

基于媒体这一外部市场化监督机制,本文利用2009—2019沪深A股上市公司数据研究发现:媒体监督能有效抑制审计延时,提升审计效率,且这一效应主要来自信息环境改善和公司治理提升机制.进一步地,本文从审计师特征和公司特征两个层面进行异质性分析,研究发现在审计师越具行业专长、审计师未发生变更、非国企、盈余管理较少、战略激进程度越低的样本中,媒体监督提升审计效率的效用更明显.最后,本文有效排除了环境不确定性与会计事项复杂度假说对二者关系的影响.本文结论为国家加强媒体监督在资本市场中审计监管作用提供了建设性的建议.     

审计风险水平与审计师应对策略的优序选择

文章选取2010—2019年我国A股非金融类上市公司为研究样本,检验了审计风险水平增加对审计收费、非清洁审计意见和审计师变更的影响.在此基础上建立了排序Logit模型,探讨了审计师面对审计风险上升所采取的系统应对策略.研究表明:随着审计风险水平不断上升,审计收费呈现出明显上升趋势,审计师出具非清洁审计意见和审计师发生变更的概率也随之上升,且审计师的应对策略呈现出一定的优序选择.本文的研究结论能为审计师系统的应对审计风险提供参考.     

西方审计委员会制度及其启示

有效的公司内部治理结构离不开审计，而审计能否在公司内部治理结构的运行框架中发挥作用，取决于内部审计机构的设立模式。在西方发达国家，判断公司治理结构完备的标志在于该公司是否设立了由非行政董事组成的审计委员会。本文试图从西方的审计委员会制度中得出某些有益的启示。一、西方审计委员会制度审计委员会是董事会下设的附属委员会，全部或多数由非行政董事组成，作为董事会与内部、外部审计师沟通的桥梁，各分担了行政董事在内部控制和财务报告等方面的部分工作。一般认为，这种内部审计制度起源于震惊审计界的迈克森·罗宾逊药材…     

公司诉讼风险对审计决策的影响研究——基于异常审计费用和审计意见的证据

近年来上市公司诉讼风险不断攀升,对审计师决策行为的影响日益凸显。基于这一背景,系统探讨公司诉讼风险对审计决策的影响,分别研究公司诉讼风险对审计费用决策和审计意见决策的影响,并考察在诉讼风险冲击下审计费用决策和审计意见决策间的关系,同时结合我国制度背景,研究法律环境差异性对两种决策之间关系的影响。研究发现：公司诉讼风险越高,审计师收取正向异常审计费用的概率越高,出具非标准审计意见的可能性越大;审计费用策略和审计意见策略之间存在替代关系,即审计师倾向于在出具标准审计意见时收取正向异常审计费用作为风险补偿。进一步研究表明,在外部法律环境薄弱地区,审计费用决策和审计意见决策之间的替代关系更加显著。研究结论有助于合理解释和评价审计师的决策行为,对监管机构规范审计师的行为有着一定的启示意义。     

真实活动盈余管理影响审计师的风险决策吗？

以2000—2012年我国上市公司为样本,分析并检验客户公司的真实活动盈余管理对审计师风险决策的影响。研究发现：客户公司的真实活动盈余管理程度越大,审计师出具非标准审计意见的概率越大、审计收费越高,但和审计师变更没有显著关系。进一步研究还发现：在纵向上,随着法律制度不断完善,审计费用、非标准审计意见的概率和真实活动盈余管理程度之间的关系更敏感;在横向上,审计收费策略和非标准审计意见策略之间存在替代效应。     

Auditor Independence,Current and Future NAS Fees and Audit Quality: Were European Regulators Right?

Abstract

European Union adopted the Regulation (EU) No 537/2014, which in practice prohibits the joint provision of audit and most types of non-audit services (NAS). Regulators presume that NAS fees weaken auditor independence and, as a result, impair audit quality. As the evidence at the European level does not support this view, the question of whether the new regulation will enhance auditor independence remains open. We examine the association between future NAS fees and audit quality by distinguishing among tax, audit-related and other services. We base the analysis on a sample of Spanish listed companies for the period between 2005 and 2016, finding a consistent negative association between future other NAS fees and audit quality. This suggests that the expectation of future purchases of this type of NAS may impair auditor independence. Conversely, for tax and audit-related services results are not significant. Taken together, results suggest that European regulators should seek for further evidence before banning NAS, as some of them may in fact enhance audit quality.     

Audit committee effectiveness and the audit fee

The UK is the only major country within the European Union the majority of whose listed companies have formed audit committees composed of non-executive directors to monitor financial reporting, the external auditors, and internal control strength. The adoption of audit committees in contrast to the approach in Europe has arisen despite the lack of evidence on their effectiveness even in the USA and Canada, where they have been mandatory since the 1970s. This paper seeks to establish whether audit committees are effective in ensuring audit quality by protecting the auditors from fee cuts which might affect audit quality, and signal tighter internal controls which help to reduce audit time and hence audit fees. The problem is that the audit committee may be expected to exert a two-way pressure on audit fees. To the extent that audit committees should enhance audit quality, partly by ensuring that audit hours are not reduced, an audit committee may be expected to increase total audit fees. At the same time, an audit committee may reasonably be thought to be a proxy for internal control strength. Ceteris paribus, companies with strong internal controls may be expected to pay lower audit fees than those with weak internal controls. Our paper argues that the ‘quality’ aspect of the audit can be captured through a dummy firm size variable, whilst the internal control aspects can be captured through dummy risk and complexity variables. The hypotheses examined are that size related audit fees are higher in companies with an audit committee; and that risk- and complexity-related audit fees are lower in companies with audit committees. The hypotheses are tested by developing a regression model for audit fees of a sample of the companies which comprise the FT-SE 500, with variables being included for the presence or absence of an audit committee. The results show that the relationship between size-related audit fees and the presence of an audit committee is positive and statistically significant, but that although there is a negative relationship between risk- and complexity-related audit fees and the presence of an audit committee, the relationships are not conclusively significant. The findings provide support for the contention that audit committees are at least partially effective in preventing reductions in the audit fee to levels where the quality of the audit may be compromised.     

上市公司审计收费影响因素的实证研究

本文利用我国深沪两市A股上市公司2003年年报中披露的数据,对可能影响我国上市公司年度审计费用的主要因素,运用多元线性回归进行实证分析。研究结果发现,上市公司资产总额、纳入合并报表的控股子公司数目、其他应收款占总资产的比例、公司和事务所是否位于经济发达地区和董事会规模与年度审计费用显著正相关,而独立董事人数与年度审计费用显著负相关;应收账款占总资产的比例、存货占总资产的比例、审计意见、当年和前一年度的盈利状况等因素对年度审计费用的影响并不显著。因此,我国上市公司审计费用主要由审计的产品费用所决定,从而会计师事务所的审计收费主要反映了现实的审计成本,而审计风险等潜在风险成本并没有在审计收费中体现出来。     

审计价格下限：经济学的解释、后果及对策

有学者对注册会计师审计收费进行过实证研究,均证明注册会计师在收取审计费用时。会自动形成价格下限。本文从审计产权和博弈学的角度,分析了审计价格下限形成的原因,认为审计价格下限降低了审计市场的效率,建议改变审计师的聘用方式、聘用时间,充分披露审计报告。以有效遏制此现象的形成。     

中小企业板块上市公司审计费用决定因素分析

本文根据现有的理论及文献,对我国中小企业板块上市公司审计费用决定因素进行了分析。着重探讨了审计公司规模,初次审计合约,审计任期,审计风险以及审计客户规模和复杂程度对中小企业板块上市公司审计费用产生的影响。     

Experience of Audit Committee Members and Audit Quality

Abstract

We investigate whether the experience of audit committee members is associated with audit quality. In order to comprehensively analyse the experience of audit committee members, we include audit committee member tenure, age and multiple-directorships in our analysis. Using observations from 2001 to 2012, we undertake analysis on 13,155 firm-year observations and find that all our proxies of audit committee member experience are positively associated with audit fees. A range of additional tests, including using discretionary accruals as an alternative measure of audit quality and differences-in-differences analysis, support our main findings and our results consequently make a number of contributions to both the literature and policy making. One possible policy contribution is that regulators may wish to consider audit committee characteristics representing experience when framing recommendations to improve audit quality and thereby, financial reporting by firms.     

审计委员会海归背景与商誉减值计提

审计委员会中海归成员日益增多,其对审计委员会治理的有效性有何影响值得关注。基于此,以商誉减值计提为切入点,选择2008—2016年间中国资本市场发生商誉事项的A股上市公司为样本,试图通过检验审计委员会海归背景与商誉减值计提之间的关系来分析审计委员会治理的有效性。研究发现:(1)审计委员会海归背景能够显著促进商誉减值计提程度的提高;(2)盈余管理程度越高,审计委员会海归背景对商誉减值计提程度的正向促进作用越显著;(3)审计质量弱化了审计委员会海归背景对商誉减值计提程度的正向促进作用;(4)审计委员会海归背景增加审计费用,且商誉减值计提在这一过程中发挥了中介作用。研究结论丰富了海归人员经济后果领域的相关文献,有助于明晰审计委员会海归背景对商誉减值计提的影响机理。     

审计收费影响因素的实证分析

本文从客户特征出发提出三个假设研究审计收费影响因素,发现公司规模对审计收费有显著影响,代表风险因素和盈余管理动机的变量对审计收费影响不显著,说明审计师对审计风险因素重视不足。     

独立董事个人特征与审计定价的相关性研究

文中以2010—2011年沪市A股上市公司为样本,借助回归分析方法,研究审计委员会中独立董事的个人特征对审计费用的影响。研究发现,在上市公司的审计委员会中,独立董事的薪酬、非正常变更与审计定价呈显著的正向影响;独立董事的平均年龄、专业背景与审计定价呈显著的负向影响;独立董事的勤勉度与审计定价呈负向影响但不显著;独立董事为女性和有多重身份的独立董事与审计定价基本不相关。由此表明,独立董事的个人特征是影响审计费用的重要因素。     

Are Joint Audits Associated with Higher Audit Fees?

In its October 2010 Green Paper on audit policy, the European Commission suggested that joint audits might be a way of improving the audit market in Europe. However, some parties consider that a joint audit system is not an efficient solution because the perceived improvements in audit quality, if any, are not commensurate with the significant increase in audit fees. We compare audit fees paid during the years 2007–2011 by listed companies in France, where joint audits are mandatory, with those paid by British and Italian companies. Theory suggests that audit fees in countries with high investor protection, such as the UK, are likely to be greater than those in countries with lower investor protection, such as France and Italy, ceteris paribus. However, we find significantly higher audit fees in France after controlling for well-documented auditor, client, and engagement attributes, which vary across countries. Furthermore, since we do not find statistically significant differences in the magnitude of abnormal accruals, the higher audit fees observed in France do not appear to be associated with higher audit quality.