The Macroeconomic Consequences of Long-Term Unemployment

This article examines the linkages between long-term unemployment and two important recent debates in Australia: first, whether unemployment exhibits hysteresis tendencies; second, the nature of the relationship between unemployment and real wages. Our findings favour the hysteresis account in that the evidence rejects an equilibrium relationship between long-term and total unemployment. Also, the effect on real wages of an increase in the number of longterm unemployed is found to be both positive and significant.     

Egalitarian Wage Policies and Long-Term Unemployment

How does a centrally imposed egalitarian wage policy affect unemployment, when workers differ with respect to productivity? The effect on total unemployment is found to be ambiguous. Egalitarian wages encourage job creation because increased profits derived from the most productive workers more than outweigh reduced profits derived from the least productive workers. Short-term unemployment is reduced. On the other hand, firms respond by raising their reservation productivity. Some workers are left almost completely unemployable. Long-term unemployment rises. Less inequality in the wage distribution is obtained at the expense of more inequality in the distribution of unemployment.     

高校网络教育的成本、市场均衡及质量——一个经济学的分析视角

经济学中对于成本的研究,尤其是成本曲线和成本函数的研究,是市场均衡研究的最基础性工作.本文将高校的网络教育纳入到纯私人产品的范畴,并将Cobb-Douglas产出技术应用到网络教育机构的成本,并通过一系列假设构建了网络教育服务市场的竞争模型,分析了存在、不存在第三方分成及两种模式下的竞争均衡与相应的质量问题.本文最后认为,我国网络教育市场发展尚处于起步阶段,自发的市场调节对于质量改进是无效性的.引入网络教育质量标准和实行行业评估制度将有助于改善这一状况.     

"经济解释"成本高

经济学者如果阅读过张五常教授的作品,应该不会对"经济解释"一词感到陌生,他就职港大的演讲题为"经济解释",商务印书馆的论文集题为"经济解释",最后一本经济学著作也题为"经济解释".     

失业概念辨析

一、凯恩斯的失业概念:摩擦失业、自愿失业和非自愿失业凯恩斯讨论了三类失业,其中两类是对其前辈的失业概念的归纳,即摩擦失业和自愿失业;另一类是他的创新,即非自愿失业.     

The Dynamics of Technological Unemployment*

This article compares the short‐ and long‐run effects of technological progress on employment. It presents a simple model of frictional unemployment capturing the negative creative destruction effects of technological change on employment. In the long run, faster technological change accelerates job obsolescence, which reduces the equilibrium level of employment. But it is also shown to have short‐run positive and potentially important effects on employment. This tends to partially reconcile the ‘‘Schumpeterian'’ view of the effects of technological change on labor markets with facts such as the response of most OECD unemployment rates to the 1970s productivity slowdown.     

我国商业银行成本过高的困境与对策

我国商业银行自身垄断的特点造成了其成本高昂的困境;但为了银行的稳健运营,监管部门进行一定的银行市场准入限制,从而防止银行业过度竞争,提高其特许权价值也是必要的.这就在保护垄断和降低银行成本间形成二难.针对这一难题,本文认为可以从保证银行业适度的竞争环境、加强银行内部成本管理及加强银行外部监管等方面入手,解决我国商业银行成本高昂问题.     

The ABS Survey of Employment and Unemployment Patterns

This paper outlines the main features of the recent longitudinal survey that should provide a valuable information base for study of the Australian labour market.     

Unemployment and indeterminacy

Using an efficiency-wage model, we examine the relationship between indeterminacy and unemployment insurance. It is shown that the less unemployment insurance is, the more likely equilibrium is to be indeterminate. Equilibrium can be indeterminate even without externalities or increasing returns, which makes a sharp contrast to the recent literature on indeterminacy. Our result is based on the fact that the no-shirking condition with marginal utility of wealth kept constant is downward sloping when income insurance is not perfect.     

当前我国失业现状及特征

人均资源短缺与劳动力总量相对过剩 ,是我国现阶段一个基本国情。近年来 ,随着我国经济体制改革的不断深入和经济增长方式的逐步转变 ,我国的失业问题日益凸显并引起整个社会的高度关注 ,已构成对我国今后经济发展和社会稳定的尖锐挑战。本文对我国的失业现状和特征进行了探讨。     

西方失业理论的最新发展及启示

本文在对传统失业理论进行回顾的基础上 ,重点介绍了新凯恩斯主义的粘性工资理论及职业搜寻与匹配理论 ,它们都着力于为自然失业构筑微观基础 ,发展和完善了失业理论。考察这些失业理论及就业对策 ,对解决我国面临的失业问题有重要意义。     

The Inexorable and Mysterious Tradeoff Between Inflation and Unemployment

This paper discusses the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. Although this tradeoff remains a necessary building block of business cycle theory, economists have yet to provide a completely satisfactory explanation for it. According to the consensus view among central bankers and monetary economists, a contractionary monetary shock raises unemployment, at least temporarily, and leads to a delayed and gradual fall in inflation. Standard dynamic models of price adjustment, however, cannot explain this pattern of responses. Reconciling the consensus view about the effects of monetary policy with models of price adjustment remains an outstanding puzzle for business cycle theorists.     

Unemployment and Workers' Control

The relationship between democratic workers' control and unemployment is explored. When unemployment arises from labor market distortions, market imperfections, or from information imperfections, labor-managed firms are superior to capitalist firms. The firm's governance and decision making structures then play an instrumental role in the level of unemployment. However, when involuntary unemployment arises from effective demand failures, then workers' control may not be able to maintain or to restore full employment. In such cases, collective and coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the level of involuntary unemployment.