旅游客企关系对关系质量的影响——以社会交换和关系嵌入为中介

文章整合了社会交换理论和关系嵌入理论,利用结构方程模型检验了不同类型的旅游客企关系在社会交换和关系嵌入共同中介作用下的质量表现.研究发现:(1)旅游客企之间存在4种类型的关系模式:关系型、契约型、激励过度型和激励不足型.(2)在对社会交换的影响上,契约型旅游客企关系的表现要显著优于其他客企关系类型,在对关系嵌入的影响上,关系型旅游客企关系的表现要显著优于其他类型.(3)社会交换和关系嵌入都对关系质量产生显著的正向影响,但关系嵌入的影响相对更强.(4)旅游客企关系并不直接作用于关系质量,而是通过社会交换和关系嵌入的完全中介作用对关系质量产生影响.     

品牌契合对品牌关系质量和重购意向的影响

随着市场环境和技术的发展,品牌沟通已从"打扰时代"进入"契合时代".顾客不仅可以与旅游品牌进行互动和共创价值,而且在品牌推荐、共享体验等非交易性行为方面发挥了重要作用.在此背景下,品牌契合成为旅游企业提升品牌绩效和获取竞争优势所必需的战略要求.该研究以酒店和旅行社两类旅游品牌为例,探讨旅游品牌契合的结构及其对品牌关系质量和重购意向的影响.实证研究发现,旅游品牌契合是一个包括认同、关注、激情、专注和互动5个维度的二阶构念,品牌契合对品牌关系质量各维度均具有显著的正向影响,并通过影响品牌关系质量正向影响重购意向.最后,对旅游企业如何更好地进行品牌契合管理提出了管理建议,并就未来研究方向进行了展望.     

旅游是战略性支柱产业还是独立经济增长因子?——关于国外旅游和经济增长关系研究的综述

旅游和经济增长的关系是20世纪六七十年代至今国际旅游学界研究的热点之一.文章首先介绍了国际学术界关于旅游和经济增长相互作用路径的一般认识,即旅游发展主要从5个方面促进经济增长,而经济增长主要从3个方面推动旅游发展;然后从旅游作为一个产业对经济增长的贡献度量研究视角,归纳和回顾了国际学术界关于旅游乘数、投入产出分析、可计算的一般均衡模型、旅游卫星账户等4方面的研究:从旅游作为经济增长因素促进经济增长的理论机理研究视角,归纳和梳理了国际学术界关于旅游专门化和经济增长的关系、旅游带动经济增长假说检验等两方面的研究;最后,得到结论和启示.     

群体服务失误下顾客间“关系”互动对抱怨的影响机制--群体极化和去个体化的中介作用

顾客抱怨研究由来已久,但以往研究更多停留在个体层面,缺乏群体层面的关注。文章基于中国人际“关系”视角,将群体服务失误下顾客间互动分为工具性关系互动和情绪性关系互动,通过设计旅游团遭遇群体服务失误的情景模拟实验,探讨群体服务失误下顾客间“关系”互动对抱怨的影响机制。研究结果表明,群体服务失误下,工具性关系互动通过影响群体极化和去个体化进而影响顾客直接抱怨,且群体极化的中介作用更明显;顾客间情绪性关系互动越强,去个体化和群体极化程度越大,进而诱发更强的直接抱怨倾向,且去个体化在其影响过程中作用更强。研究有助于丰富顾客间互动对抱怨影响的研究视角,完善顾客群体性抱怨理论框架,也对顾客群体抱怨处理提供决策依据。     

Family Vacation Activities and Family Cohesion

Family is an important unit of individuals seeking experiences together during vacation. This consumptive unit deserves explicit attention not only because of its market size but also because of ramifications of family vacation on family functioning. This study explores the interplay of vacation activity patterns and family cohesion. It reveals a taxonomy of four types of family travelers with respect to their patterns of activities and needs for cohesion. They are “bonded and nature seeking”; “attached and enthusiastic”; “self-directed and recreation oriented”; and “sociable but static” family travelers. This research provides empirical evidences for the proposition that vacation activities are valuable contributors to family cohesion. Implications are provided pertaining to the development of quality family vacation programs and enhancement of family life satisfaction.     

Management of the change process in hotel companies: An investigation at unit level

The management of change has become an organisational necessity in the 1990s and will continue to be a major factor in the management of hotel companies in the future. This article investigates and evaluates management of the change process at unit level in hotel firms. The data was gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews with ten hotel managers in the UK. Lewin's three-stage model was found to be of limited use in practice. A five-stage model of the change process emerges from the research findings. This model reflects a more practical view of the management of change as an on-going, continuous process. Finally, the limitations of the research are discussed and further research areas identified.     

Management of the change process in hotel companies: An investigation at unit level

The management of change has become an organisational necessity in the 1990s and will continue to be a major factor in the management of hotel companies in the future. This article investigates and evaluates management of the change process at unit level in hotel firms. The data was gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews with ten hotel managers in the UK. Lewin’s three-stage model was found to be of limited use in practice. A five-stage model of the change process emerges from the research findings. This model reflects a more practical view of the management of change as an on-going, continuous process. Finally, the limitations of the research are discussed and further research areas identified.     

Cost efficiency modeling in health care foodservice operations

Cost efficiency and cost data in the health care foodservice sector have many interesting features. Traditional productivity approaches and empirical studies are yet to address many of these features, as they are limited to partial ratios and restricted parametric techniques. In this paper, we introduce and demonstrate the Stochastic Frontier Approach to this sector, and analyze the level of cost efficiency and its determinants. The approach is tested in a cross-sectional data set from a sample of 101 health care foodservice operations in Australia and the USA. Results indicate that the average level of cost efficiency is around 76.5% which suggests that health care foodservice operations could reduce their input costs by as much as 23.5% without decreasing their total output. Further, the coefficients of the inefficiency component, estimated simultaneously with the stochastic frontier model, indicate that both the level of manager's experience and the level of manager's education are significant determinants of cost efficiency.     

Out-migration and depopulation of the Russian North during the 1990s

The large-scale out-migration from Russia's northern regions that has taken place over the course of the 1990s is analyzed. "The study is based on unpublished oblast-level migration data compiled by the Russian Government, field work by the author, as well as two extensive 1998 surveys of recent and potential migrants, respectively. Age, gender, and educational level of migrants are analyzed to determine the extent of change in Northern population structure attributable to migration. A concluding section presents Russian Government projections of the North's population to 2010."     

Co-creation of background music: A key to innovating coffee shop management

Music is known to affect patrons in a service environment, and its types and applications have been widely studied. However, little research has yet addressed the possibility for patrons to create their background music (BGM) in collaboration with service providers. Also, the coffee shop has often been neglected as a research area for BGM application. We, thus, explore the potential for co-creation of background music (BGM) in coffee shop management. Based on the notion of congruity effect, which holds that congruent BGM leads to approach behavior, our research unveils that patrons experience a positive mood from BGM in harmony with a coffee shop environment and in turn show approach behavior represented by spending more money and time. More importantly, our research further explores the effect of BGM co-creation in boosting approach behavior (via enhanced perceived mood). The findings of this research suggest that coffee shop owners would benefit from adopting this co-creation strategy in managing their coffee shops.     

Silk and steel: A gendered approach to career and life by upper echelon women executives in the hospitality and tourism industry in China

This qualitative study represents one of the early attempts to uncover the lived experience of thriving of top female leaders in the tourism and hospitality industry in China. Based on the narratives of 21 women executives in the hospitality and tourism industry in China, this study reveals that upper echelon (top management) females thrive by taking a gendered approach to life and career in a cultural environment with a strong Confucian tradition. This research systematically explored the unique gendered orientations and strategies these women executives used to achieve optimal functioning, as manifested in their thriving in both life and career. They acknowledge gender differences, embrace female qualities rather than deny them, and leverage these qualities to their advantage. The study findings offer significant theoretical and practical implications by illuminating a thriving perspective of the career advancement of women.     

The dark side of co-creation in a tourism experience: an exploratory study of the different types of ill-being

The present article aims at exploring the concept of ill-being by setting a typology of tourism experiences and the associated forms of ill-being. A qualitative study was conducted on 31 French-speaking tourists. It reveals different types of tourism experiences (commercial/non-commercial) and forms of participation (interaction/active participation). Several types of ill-being have been identified. Managerial recommendations are provided to tourism professionals on how to improve the experiences of their customers according to each type of ill-being.     

On the destination image of Korea by Russian tourists

This study investigates the importance of destination image as a determinant for the choice of a tourist destination. The inbound market examined is Korea while perceptions are captured from current and prospective Russian tourists. Empirical results show that a difference exists between visitors and non-visitors in terms of their perceived image of Korea. The study also finds that the relationship between overall image and loyalty to a destination is statistically significant. Regression results show in particular that Russians with a positive view of Korea are more likely to recommend Korea to others as a tourist destination.     

Understanding attributes affecting meal choice decisions in a bundling context

This study examined attributes that contribute to consumer meal choice decisions within a prix fixe menu. Drawing on typologies of consumer purchase behavior, factors potentially influencing consumers’ meal choice are identified and empirically tested. The results showed that consumers consider value for price as the most important consideration for their meal bundle choices. The results also indicated that familiar and healthy foods also contribute to the selection process. However, consumers tend to avoid the risk of choosing new menu items.