基于消费者感知风险的商店印象实证研究

本文在V.-W.M itchell提出的消费者感知风险的商店印象架构下,结合我国文化背景和零售业特点,重新设计了商店印象量表,并以北京、上海、长沙、南昌、兰州和成都等6城市的大型超市顾客为样本进行了实证分析。     

The Moral Intensity of Privacy: An Empirical Study of Webmaster' Attitudes

Webmasters are a key moral agent in the issue of privacy. This study attempts to understand the factors underlying their attitudes about privacy based on the theory of moral intensity. Webmasters of high-traffic sites were invited via email to participate in a web-based survey. The results support the application of moral intensity to the domain of privacy and the population of webmasters – both outcomes and social norms have statistically significant main effects on attitudes. The results also suggest a reconfiguration of the dimensions of moral intensity. This is based on the observation that proximity to the organization has a negative main effect on attitudes, and it moderates the relationship between social norms and attitudes. The original theory of moral intensity did not acknowledge the possibility of this moderating role for proximity. These observations have important implications for future research and practice in the areas of privacy, moral intensity, and ethical decision making.     

The Pluralist Theory of Ethics Programs Orientations and Ideologies: An Empirical Study Anchored in Requisite Variety

We propose, in this article, a pluralistic theory of ethics programs orientations, empirically derived from the statistical analysis of responses to an ad hoc questionnaire on organizational ethics practices. The results of our research identify six different orientations to ethics programs, corresponding to as many types of organizational ethics practices. This model goes beyond the traditional opposition between a compliance orientation, focused on the regulation of behavior and the detection of deviance, and a values-based orientation, which is said to be more reflective and enabling, and allows for a more sophisticated understanding of the composition of ethics programs. Drawing from the theory of requisite variety, we suggest that these six orientations are not to be considered in opposition but rather as complementary and even synergistic. In doing so, this pluralism has the potential to counter the potential deleterious effects of dominant logics and ideologies in organizations. Our model thus allows for a more empirical analysis of organizational ethics practices and programs and provides a new analytical framework for research and practice in considering the principle of requisite variety in ethics management. This represents, in our opinion, a contribution to the advancement of knowledge and practice in organizational ethics.     

Information Technology Professionals’ Perceived Organizational Values and Managerial Ethics: An Empirical Study

This paper summarizes the results of an analysis of empirical data on ethical attitudes of professionals and managers in relation to organizational core values in the Information Technology (IT) industry. This study investigates the association between key organizational values as independent variables and the ethical attitudes of IT managers as dependent variables. The study also delves into differences among IT non-managerial professionals, mid-level managers, and upper-level managers in their ethical attitudes and perceptions. Research results indicated that IT professionals from mechanistic organizations were much more likely to report – compared to those from organic organizations – that managers in their corporate environment engage in behaviors considered unethical and that successful managers were more unethical relative to unsuccessful managers. There were significant differences between the upper-level managers and the mid-level managers and between the mid-level managers and the IT non-managerial professionals on certain key ethical issues. This paper discusses the conceptual framework, hypotheses, research methodology, data analysis, implications of the findings, and suggested areas of further research. K. Gregory Jin, D.B.A, is Professor of the MIS Department, Ancell School of Business, Western, Connecticut State University. He has published numerous conference papers, chapters, and articles in such areas as MIS professional ideology and ethics, communication and control, behavioral issues in information systems development, role of IT and human factors in business process reengineering, service learning in database design, systems theory, MIS participant action research strategy, and political factors in IT management. He has more than twenty years of MIS administrative and professional experiences. He holds a D.B.A. in Information Technology Management from George Washington University. He is a member of the Association of Information Technology Professionals and a former member of DSI. Ronald G. Drozdenko, Ph.D., is Professor and Chair of the Marketing Department, Ancell School of Business, Western Connecticut State University. He is also the founding Director of the Center for Business Research at the Ancell School. Dr. Drozdenko has co-directed more than 100 proprietary research projects since 1978 for the marketing and research and development departments of several corporations, including major multinationals. These projects were in the areas of strategic planning, marketing research, product development, direct marketing, and marketing database analysis. Dr. Drozdenko co-authored Optimal Database Marketing: Strategy, Development and Data Mining and also has published professional and academic articles and book chapters. He holds a Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from the University of Missouri and is a member of the American Marketing Association, the Society for Consumer Psychology, and the Academy of Marketing Sciences. Richard A. Bassett, D.P.S, is an Associate Professor of Management Information Systems at Western Connecticut State University. He was founder and CEO of Bassett Computer Systems, Inc. for 17 years where he was involved with the design and implementation of information systems for hundreds for small and midsized businesses. He has authored several papers and articles in such areas as web-design as a web-master, web-based course design, the security threats and concerns faced by telecommuters, minimal steps required to secure a Local Area Network and the technology decision challenges which growing companies face. He is actively involved with technology endeavors of numerous nonprofit organizations including: The Children’s Center, Bridges of Milford, North Haven Rotary, Communicare, and the Amber Alert System. He holds a D.P.S. in Computing from Pace University.     

The Impact of Business Education on Moral Judgment Competence: An Empirical Study

Recent highly publicized ethical breaches including those at Enron and WorldCom have focused attention on ethical behavior within the accounting profession. At the heart of the debate is whether ethical attitudes of accountants are to blame. Using a nationally representative sample of accounting practitioners and a multidisciplinary student sample at two Southern United States universities, we compare sample responses to 25 ethically charged vignettes to test whether they differ. Overall, we find no significant difference – even for a specific “accounting tricks” vignette, which resembles the Enron and WorldCom situations. We do find, however, that the practitioners were more accepting of vignettes that involved physical harm (PH) to individuals and those that were legal (but ethically questionable). We postulate that accounting practitioners may apply a legalistic framework to their assessment of the acceptability of each vignette. Focusing on an “accounting tricks” vignette, we also find no significant difference between auditors and institutional practitioners compared to all other types of accountants in the sample. We conclude that ethical attitudes of accounting practitioners do not differ significantly by specialty area. Tisha L. N. Emerson is an Assistant Professor of Economics at Baylor University in Texas. In addition to business ethics, Professor Emerson has published articles in the areas of environmental economics and economic education. She teaches courses in environmental economics, international trade, intermediate microeconomics and microeconomic principles. Stephen J. Conroy is an Associate Professor of Economics at the University of San Diego in California. In addition to business ethics, Professor Conroy has published articles in the areas of economic development and demography, economics of education and economics of aging. He teaches courses in managerial economics at both the graduate and undergraduate level, as well as undergraduate courses in urban and regional economic development, intermediate microeconomics and principles of micro- and macroeconomics. Charles W. Stanley is an Associate Professor of Accounting at Baylor University in Texas. In addition to business ethics, Dr. Stanley has published articles in the areas of financial accounting, managerial accounting, auditing, accounting systems, tax, and professional ethics for accountants. He has also authored several on-line continuing education courses for CPAs including one that meets the Texas State Board of Accountancy requirements for continuing education by Texas CPAs. He teaches courses in auditing, ethics, financial accounting and managerial accounting in the MBA program at Baylor.     

In Search of Negativity Bias: An Empirical Study of Perceived Helpfulness of Online Reviews

A basic tenet of psychology is that the psychological effects of negative information outweigh those of positive information. Three empirical studies show that the negativity bias can be attenuated or even reversed in the context of electronic word of mouth (eWoM). The first study analyzes a large sample of customer reviews collected from Amazon.com and concludes that negative reviews are no more helpful than positive ones when controlling for review quality The second study follows up with a virtual experiment that confirms the lack of negativity bias in evaluating the helpfulness of online reviews. The third study demonstrates that the negativity effect can be reversed by manipulating the baseline valences. This work challenges the conventional wisdom of “bad is stronger than good” and contributes to the understanding of the eWoM phenomenon.     

私营中小企业主性别与融资约束的实证研究

文章基于全国私营企业调查数据分析了企业融资中的性别差异。研究发现企业主为女性的企业融资水平比男性大致低90%相似文献   

产业集群的集聚效应:基于酒店业的分析

酒店企业在地理空间上的柔性集聚,不仅能降低集群内企业的交易成本,实现规模效应,还有利于集群内酒店企业的相互学习,发挥资源共享效应,促进集群内酒店企业的创新,提高集群竞争力。本文从酒店集群产生的集聚效应,产品优势,需求优势以及品牌区位优势等入手,分析了酒店产业集群的竞争力。     

中国电信产业规制效果的实证研究

本文运用时间序列模型,在总量、价格、利润和普遍服务水平四个方面对中国电信产业的规制效果进行了实证研究。在研究的过程中,本文将规制指标分为规制框架、规制机构和规制对象三个方面,更加全面具体地验证了规制的效果。计量分析结果表明,目前针对中国电信产业的规制已经取得了很大的成绩,市场结构趋于合理,普遍服务质量得到了很大的改善,但是在电信产业总量增长提高方面效果并不显著。     

品牌全球化形象对消费者选择的影响:调节因素的分析

文章以大学生为样本对构建的品牌全球化形象影响消费者品牌选择模型进行了实证研究.发现品牌全球化形象对消费者购买意向有直接影响,感知品牌质量对消费者购买意向有间接影响,品牌质量对消费者购买意向的影响程度最强.重要的是,产品类别和消费者融入全球消费文化程度在品牌全球化形象和消费者选择的关系中,具有显著的调节效应.研究结论对我国企业创建全球化品牌具有重要的启示作用.     

中国城市化对流通业发展影响的实证研究

从历史演进和逻辑分析相结合的角度看,城市的经济职能在于其作为集中的交换场所促进了交易频率的提高和流通业的不断发展.因此,旨在检验城市化与流通业发展关系的实证研究无疑是锦上添花.中国经济的快速增长使得多数宏观经济变量表现出非平稳特征,而协整以及建立在协整关系基础上的误差修正模型为研究非平稳变量之间的定量关系奠定了理论基础.本文利用1960～2003年中国的城市化率和流通业发展的年度数据,通过自回归分布滞后模型的方法建立了一个对应的误差修正模型,以此作为定量分析城市化对流通业发展影响的基础.研究表明,从长期看,城市化水平每增长1个百分点促使流通业增长2.436个百分点.     

The Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Ethical Orientations in Decision Making: An Empirical Study with Business Executives in Australia

The purpose of this study was to determine the applicability of Buddhist practices in today’s workplaces. The findings were supported by interviews with Buddhist masters and Buddhist business practitioners, as well as literature review, through phenomenological analysis. As a means of presenting the main reasons why Buddhist practices should be considered in contemporary workplaces, a SWOT analysis is presented. In this analysis, a number of strengths for using Buddhist practices in workplaces are listed such as pro-scientific, greater personal responsibility, and healthy detachment, while potential weaknesses such as non-harming, equanimity, and no competition are also reviewed. Both the strengths and the weaknesses could be listed in reverse if applied to a different extent. Among the opportunities were issues such as re-educating the world of business, enhancing personal ownership and a healthier society, while the threats comprised issues such as creating different imbalances, disinterest, and stationary development.     

旅游者形象感知影响因素及其对忠诚影响

旅游者形象感知是旅游消费行为和营销领域的一个研究重点与热点.文章构建了旅游者形象感知影响因素及其对忠诚影响的整合模型,通过对乡村旅游者调查获取丰富基础数据,验证它们之间的相互关系.研究发现,服务公平是旅游者形象感知的最重要影响因素,感知价值是旅游者形象感知的较重要影响因素,服务质量是旅游者形象感知的重要影响因素,而旅游者参与对旅游者形象感知没有显著影响;旅游者形象感知是旅游者忠诚的重要前置变量,对重游倾向、口碑宣传具有显著正向影响,对寻找替代旅游地具有显著负向影响.文章最后提出相应管理启示,指出了研究局限及未来研究方向.     

试析特许经营在我国饭店业中的应用

我国饭店业在迅猛发展的同时也面临着激烈的市场竞争和挑战,而我国饭店业分散零乱的整体格局使得其竞争力面临着严峻的考验。为此,已被国际饭店管理集团证实行之有效的特许经营成为我国饭店业发展的方向。结合我国饭店业发展的实际,是受具体国情及饭店业发展实际情况的限制,我国饭店业特许经营目前还处于初级阶段且发展缓慢。因此,推进特许经营在我国饭店业中的发展,实现我国饭店业快速整体走强,还需要做很多工作。     

营销刺激感知对零售商权益影响的实证研究

文章探讨了营销刺激感知对零售商权益的影响.首先建立了"营销刺激感知对零售商权益影响"的理论模型.在模型中,营销刺激感知影响零售商认知、零售商联想和零售商感知质量,这三个零售商权益维度又与零售商忠诚存在关联.其次,通过武汉大型综合超市顾客的问卷调查,采用基于LISREL统计分析软件的结构方程模型,对理论模型进行了验证.研究发现,便利性、商店声誉、商店设施、感知价格和人员服务通过零售商认知、零售商联想和零售商感知质量对零售商忠诚施加积极的影响,表明这五种营销刺激感知是零售商权益的驱动因素.最后讨论了对零售企业管理零售商权益的启示.     

我国空调器行业市场集中度的实证分析

行业集中度(CR[,n])和赫芬达尔(H)指数是衡量市场集中度的两个常用指标。利用2000年的统计数据,测算我国空调器行业的市场集中度。实证分析表明,我国空调器行业市场集中度比较低,有待于进一步提高。     

Subsidizing Industry: An Empirical Analysis of Irish Manufacturing

Irish industrial policy makers have a long history of extensively using grant subsidies in order to encourage the creation of jobs in Irish manufacturing sectors. In this paper we empirically investigate the actual success of this strategy using sectoral level data on employment and grant payments over the period 1972–2000. Results from our empirical model of an employment growth equation confirm that grant provision has indeed played a significant role in creating employment.     

社会转型期辽宁省饭店行业协会贡献的实证评述

社会转型以来,我国各行各类协会的功能、地位、作用等方面都发生了适应市场经济的变化,并有了长足的发展,由此而带来的学术研究成果也颇多,但有关饭店行业协会的研究,目前还鲜见于公开发表的文献中。这与服务于中国最早对外开放,最早引进国外先进管理理念的饭店行业的实践成果相比,存在巨大的反差。本文以辽宁省饭店行业协会为例,对其打造的影响力、生命力、创新力、凝聚力四方面的贡献进行了实证评述。