我国发展生态农业经济面临的严重问题及对策

“三农”问题已成为我国社会经济发展的突出焦点问题。发展生态农业经济是改善农村生态环境，增加农民经济收入，实现农业可持续发展。解决“三农”问题的一项重大战略。本文在阐述我国发展生态农业经济现状的基础上，分析了农村生态环境污染和破坏的成因及发展生态农业经济所面临的严重问题，并提出了治理农村生态环境污染、发展生态农业经济的对策。     

企业化经营：区域性环境治理新模式

随着我国经济发展，环境污染已成为一个很大的社会问题，污染不仅大幅抵消了经济增长带来的社会福利，还严重阻碍了我国的可持续发展。目前，我国在环境治理的手段上，主要是政府的行政计划，市场化程度十分落后，在现实治理中常常是政府干预失灵，治理绩效不甚理想。为适应社会主义市场经济的快速发展，我国的环境治理应逐渐引入市场机制，针对不同类型的环境资源，寻求新的治理途径。一、区域性环境资源的产权特性产权问题是经济学对环境污染原因的一个共识性解释：大多数环境资源是公共物品，其产权不安全或根本不存在，容易产生外部效应…     

完善公司治理，杜绝紫金矿业“环保门”再次发生

紫金矿业的公司治理机制失灵及由此引起的公司内部管理控制制度未起到应有的作用,以及上杭县政府与紫金矿业政企不分直接导致此次重大的环境污染事故,给公司的利益相关者利益造成重大损失。如何杜绝紫金矿业“环保门”的再次发生,文章给出了相应的政策性建议。     

从经济学及博弈角度分析环境污染

环境资源是一种公共资源,是典型的公共财产,其特点表现为产权规定不明晰、外部性及资源配置的市场失灵,这些特性导致环境资源的过渡使用、环境污染、生态破坏。从博弈角度分析:环境污染事实上是囚徒困境;污染治理的方法是大型企业采取内部治理,小型企业通过税收政府集中治理。     

论规范化法人治理结构

规范化法人治理结构是建立现代化企业制度的核心问题。文章在对目前我国法人治理结构失灵的问题分析的基础上 ,提出了解决一些国有企业因经营者滥用权力而导致的国有资产流失以及保护其他利益相关者合法权益问题 ,指出必须建立具有“三会一层”的有效制衡治理的结构与机制。     

我国城市社区治理研究——基于公共选择理论的视角

我国城市社区自治始终处于政府主导型中，社区行政和社区自治之间出现张力。本文将公共选择和社区治理联系起来，运用公共选择理论尤其是其中的委托一代理理论来分析政府与社区的关系，针对社区治理“失灵”从代理人角度提出了相关措施，试图以此创新某些中间问题或策略的解决机制，重点指出政府和社区组织相互挤作是当前最佳模武。     

独立董事重在"独立"

近年来，随着我国证券市场的迅速发展，上市公司的法人治理结构问题也不断暴露，尤以“一股独大”和“内部人控制”为重。这些问题导致一系列严重后果：董事会职能失灵，上市公司行为短期化，不正常的关联交易，上市公司成为大股东的“抽血工具”等等。如何加强上市公司治理，有效保护广大投资者的权益问题便成为业内人士关注的焦点，其中呼声最高的当属独立董事制度。     

上市公司应加强公司治理

顺应全球公司治理的热潮，中国上市公司开始了公司治理之路，由于我国特有的国情，造成了中国上市公司治理的失灵和缺位。     

乡镇工业污染的经济原因分析

经济学理论的发展表明，乡镇工业的经济利益驱动造成乡镇工业污染治理的市场机制失灵。本文从经济学角度分析，造成环境污染的原因有以下两个方面，一是外部性引起的环境污染；另一方面，环境具有公共物品属性。而乡镇工业是追求利润最大化的经济人，所以乡镇工业会尽可能多的利用资源，不会主动采取有效措施来治理工业污染，结果造成资源的滥用和环境的进一步恶化。     

证券市场中的"失灵":中国与美国的比较

文章对美国与中国的证券市场的现实进行了对比分析，笔者发现近年来这两个市场中都存在着“失灵”现象，有着类似的表现形式，但是它们的成因却是不一样的：在美国股市存在的“失灵”是一种“市场失灵”，而处在新兴市场的中国股市在更大程度上是一种“政府失灵”。笔者针对这两种不同的“失灵”，提出了相应的政策建议。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...