品牌危机水平对企业绩效的影响——基于中国品牌100强的危机报道的面板分析

品牌危机是当今社会关注的热点问题,对企业绩效具有重要影响。借鉴已往研究中危机数量与影响程度的概念,本文提出品牌危机水平的概念,并基于品牌危机中的品牌、危机事件和时间等因素,对品牌危机水平加以测量。在此基础上,利用实证分析方法探索品牌危机水平对企业绩效的影响机制,重点考察品牌危机类型在这一影响机制中的调节作用。实证结果表明,品牌危机水平对企业绩效存在负面作用,功能型和行业型品牌危机比例对此效应存在强化作用,道德型、个体型和可辩解型品牌危机比例对此效应存在弱化作用。     

丑闻类型和曝光方式对品牌丑闻溢出效应的交互影响——信息诊断性的中介作用

品牌丑闻溢出效应的现有研究中,缺乏对竞争对手曝光的关注。着眼于品牌丑闻对曝光者(或潜在曝光者)竞争对手的溢出效应,论文研究了丑闻类型(能力型丑闻vs.道德型丑闻)和曝光方式(媒体曝光vs.同行曝光)的交互影响。通过两个实验发现,同行曝光的道德型丑闻比能力型丑闻对曝光者的溢出效应更大,丑闻信息对曝光者的诊断性是这一效应的中介变量。研究结论为品牌响应竞争对手丑闻提供了一种主动应对的策略建议。     

多品牌危机中的“替罪羊”效应对行业信任的影响

本文基于乳制品行业的危机事件,深入探讨了多品牌伤害危机中特有的"替罪羊"效应对行业信任的影响及其内在作用机制。通过实验研究发现:在多品牌危机背景下,消费者对于该行业内品牌的信任水平在有"替罪羊"品牌的情况下高于无"替罪羊"品牌的情况;行业中出现的"替罪羊"品牌转移了消费者的愤怒情绪,从而提高了消费者的行业信任水平;消费者卷入度和品牌来源国在多品牌危机发生后"替罪羊"效应对行业信任的影响中存在调节作用。对于企业管理者来说,协助政府或行业管理者找寻涉事"替罪羊"品牌、快速启动品牌危机管理预案、重视行业交流、保持诚信以及合力改善行业信任水平,是应对多品牌危机的重要途径。     

道德型品牌危机下不同类型员工与顾客情绪互动对消费者宽恕的影响研究

互联网时代下，道德型品牌危机的传播速度与范围均发生了根本性的变化，严重影响企业的市场表现与品牌形象。在直播电商成为主流营销渠道的今天，直播间内员工顾客的情绪互动是企业挽回顾客关系与修复品牌形象最直接的途径和方法，需要企业重点关注。在此背景下，借助质性研究方法，系统凝练并提出了道德型品牌危机下不同类型员工与顾客情绪互动对消费者宽恕的影响机制，为企业道德型品牌危机管理及运用员工力量获得消费者宽恕提供理论指导与实践建议。     

基于消费者品牌认知下的在线负面评论

以天猫、京东品牌运动鞋购买者为调查对象,结合从众理论、归因理论和社会认同理论,运用SPSS19.0和Amos17.0软件,考察了在线负面评论与网络购买意愿的关系,提出用消费者品牌认同调节变量来解释两者的差异性。研究发现:在线负面评论数量、内容质量、评论者资信度以及评论强度对网络购买行为有显著的负向影响;消费者品牌认同在负面评论和网络购买意愿之间的关系中有显著的调节效应,并且对不同维度的负面评论和购买意愿之间的调节效应也显著不同。据此,对B2C商家营销提出相应建议:控制好负面评论,加大网站品牌推广,增强顾客对其网站的品牌认同,以促进消费者的网络购买行为。     

品牌代言人负面消息对消费者购买决策的影响机制——基于归因偏差与公正世界信念理论

本文基于归因偏差与公正世界信念理论,运用结构方程模型,对品牌代言人负面消息影响消费者购买决策的内在机制进行了实证研究。结果表明,无论消费者对代言人负面消息进行内部归因还是外部归因,最终都将原因归结为企业"用人失察"或"管理不善",从而增加了消费者的感知风险,负向影响消费者的购买决策。而消费者原有的品牌信任对品牌代言人负面消息具有免疫作用,能够削弱负面消息引发的感知风险,维护消费者的购买意愿。因此,企业应该慎重甄选品牌代言人,对代言人实施契约化管理,建立代言人负面事件应急制度。同时,企业在市场营销过程中,尤其要增进消费者累积的品牌信任。     

核心品牌联想对品牌延伸的溢出效应研究——基于消费者品牌关系的调节作用

品牌延伸作为企业推出新产品的主要策略之一,其积极的市场效应与较高的消费者认可度已经得到了理论和实践验证,而关于核心品牌联想对品牌延伸溢出效应的形成机理方面的研究成果并不多。本文尝试运用ANOVO、多重比较和回归分析等方法,选择百圆裤业、双合成、杏花村汾酒作为研究对象,将品牌延伸理论与溢出效应理论相结合,以消费者品牌关系作为重要的调节变量,探讨核心品牌联想对品牌溢出效应的影响,得出如下结论:品牌延伸行为会产生显著的品牌溢出效应,且延伸产品与核心品牌联想关系的不同导致其品牌延伸过程中产生品牌溢出效应的显著程度亦不同;对于中度契合的品牌延伸而言,消费者品牌关系在核心品牌联想对品牌延伸溢出效应影响过程中存在非常显著的调节作用。     

企业家负面曝光事件对消费者的影响——企业家应对策略的调节作用

本文探究企业家负面曝光事件如何影响消费者对其形象的感知。结合所阅文献,将企业家负面曝光事件分为基于能力和道德这两种类型。两个实验研究的结果表明:相对于企业家能力的负面曝光,当企业家道德负面曝光时,消费者对企业家形象的评价会更低。企业家能力负面曝光后,相比较于辩解策略,和解策略更能减少消费者对企业家的负面评价。企业家道德负面曝光后,相比较于和解策略,辩解策略更能减少消费者对企业家的负面评价。     

负面拥有效应对产品伤害危机溢出的影响

过去关于产品伤害危机的研究主要集中在对危机产品拥有者的研究,然而品牌延伸的广泛应用使得危机产品非拥有者也有可能是其延伸品牌的使用者,因此研究产品伤害危机对非拥有者的影响也很重要。文章发现,产品伤害危机对延伸品牌的负面溢出效应对拥有者影响更大,而对非拥有者影响较小,但是当公司的响应策略越偏向积极承担责任时,非拥有者比拥有者更容易受到感知企业社会责任感的影响,对危机产品的延伸品牌表现出更好的态度。     

品牌危机情境下微博网络口碑的探索性研究——归因、情境、策略与口碑的“树根模型”

对6个危机品牌发布的40个沟通微博及其5510条消费者评论的内容分析发现,消费者网络口碑态度受企业品牌危机沟通策略、危机发生的背景、危机源、企业特征和消费者特征的影响.品牌的微博沟通更倾向于采取否定回应策略,而消费者对于品牌危机沟通微博多呈现负面网络口碑态度.企业、环境和消费者三个方面的各种因素对网络口碑态度的影响是不同的,根据这些因素对网络口碑的作用方向(正向或负向或二者兼有)可将这些因素分为激励因子、保健因子和关键因子.在典型的3种危机情境下,企业不同危机沟通策略对消费者网络口碑态度的影响呈现出权变的模式.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Export Composition and Manufacturing Employment in the US during the Economic Downturn of 1991-92

This paper examines the effect that export composition had upon manufacturing employment in the US during the 1991 recession. Although it takes, on average, approximately $66 000 in exports to create one job, the exact gains in terms of total employment depend upon the labour-intensity of the products being exported. Foreign sales by the chemical and textile industries result in a far greater increase in employment than exports by the petroleum refining or steel industries. This analysis estimates the employment effects of manufacturing exports over the 1989-95 period, utilizing an input-output model to capture both direct and indirect effects. The results demonstrate that export composition has, at times, both strengthened and reduced demand for labour. Consequently, if job-creation is a national goal, it may be in the interests of the US to promote exports from sectors that are labour-using.