上海市居民的气候风险认知及适应能力

社区居民的风险认知程度是其参与气候适应性建设的基础,其影响因素不仅包括年龄、教育、收入水平等内生性因素,也包括所处区的受灾频率和社会脆弱性等外生性因素。研究随机抽取366份上海市社区样本,用以分析社区居民对风险的认知程度及其适应性行为的影响因素。研究发现,在风险认知方面,虽然上海市居民对气候风险的影响有一定认识,但整体偏弱;社区居民所受的教育程度、所在社区的地理区位因素对社区居民的风险认知水平具有显著影响;在适应行为方面,虽然社区居民偏好主动性适应,愿意通过增强疾病抵抗力和改善家庭生活设施来提高其适应风险的能力,但社区公共基础设施的适应性建设在很大程度上还依赖于政府的公共投入。     

京沪居民生活满足感的比较

居民生活满足感状况反映了某一地区居民对于自身社会存在状况的一种普遍认可程度,同时也是对社会总体运行状况的一种写照.不久前,中国人民大学"日本与中国国民意识比较研究"课题组,为了研究日本和中国的国民意识的异同,首先对中国的北京和上海两市居民进行了抽样调查.本文从居民自身健康、社会阶层归属、家庭、生活以及工作的满意程度等角度,对北京与上海两市居民一般生活满足感状况进行对比分析.     

基于Logistic的居民购房计划内部影响因素分析——以重庆市主城区为例

本文根据卢因行为模型将居民内部因素分为个体特征、家庭状况以及居住现状三个方面,提出居民未来三年购房计划的可能影响因素,并根据问卷数据进行Logistic回归分析,得出:居民月收入、配偶户口、现生育状况等因素呈显著影响.最后,在此基础上,提出了相关的建议.     

小城镇居民改善排水设施的支付意愿分析

基于西部三省区的调查样本,对小城镇居民对排水设施提升的支付意愿进行研究。基于612份问卷资料,利用二元Logit模型对小城镇居民提升排水设施支付意愿的影响因素进行了分析,结果显示:54%的小城镇居民愿意为提升排水设施进行支付。其中,是否接受过排水知识宣传、受到水污染等因素能够稳定地影响全部居民,包括从事农牧业的居民与其他职业居民的意愿;年龄对非农牧业居民的支付意愿具有显著影响,健康状况与排水设施建设情况对全部居民的支付意愿具有显著影响,但是对不同职业的居民的影响存在差异。     

论旅游目的地建设与当地居民的冲突

当今社会,随着工作生活压力不断加大,越来越多的人们选择旅游作为出行放松的方式.旅游公共服务系统为了满足人们越来越多的需要,不断地进行旅游目的地的建设与开发,这在一定程度上给当地居民带来了一系列的方便与实惠,与此同时,旅游目的地建设也使当地的土地资源越来越紧张,给当地居民带来了越来越多的污染.     

世界遗产地社区居民旅游影响感知实证分析——以乐山大佛世界遗产地为例

为研究世界遗产地社区居民对旅游影响的感知度,文章以四川乐山大佛世界遗产地为例,对400位社区居民进行问卷调查,借助统计软件SPSS13.0,运用因子分析方法、方差分析方法和列联表分析方法对居民感知度的影响因素进行分析。结果表明,乐山大佛世界遗产地社区居民对旅游影响的感知度普遍较高,同时职业、学历、收入比重、家庭住址、居住年限等因素对居民感知度指标有显著影响,建议采取切实有效的措施以提高世界遗产地社区居民的正面感知度。     

世界遗产地社区居民旅游影响感知实证分析——以乐山大佛世界遗产地为例

为研究世界遗产地社区居民对旅游影响的感知度,文章以四川乐山大佛世界遗产地为例,对400位社区居民进行问卷调查,借助统计软件SPSS13.0,运用因子分析方法、方差分析方法和列联表分析方法对居民感知度的影响因素进行分析。结果表明,乐山大佛世界遗产地社区居民对旅游影响的感知度普遍较高,同时职业、学历、收入比重、家庭住址、居住年限等因素对居民感知度指标有显著影响,建议采取切实有效的措施以提高世界遗产地社区居民的正面感知度。     

城市建成环境对居民体力活动强度的影响——基于北京社区问卷的研究

城市建成环境会通过影响居民的体力活动强度,进而影响其身心健康。研究选取北京15个社区进行入户问卷收集数据,采用国际体力活动量表(IPAQ)对居民体力活动强度进行测度,以GIS数据为基础评测社区建成环境,并通过多层线性模型对影响居民体力活动的因素进行校验。研究发现:社区大小、容积率及公园数量对体力活动强度有显著影响,而在既有文献中强调的土地利用混合度、建筑密度等因素并未表现出显著作用,这或许是由于不同国家城市肌理的既有差异所导致。     

空心村改造农民意愿及其影响因素分析——基于广州市白云区235户农户调查数据

以广州市白云区235户农户的调查数据为依据,运用Logistic模型实证分析了空心村改造的农民意愿及其影响因素.研究结果表明,空心村改造认知程度、是否异地改建、是否整村改造、是否成为改造试点村、对政府支持需求、改造后节约土地利用方式对农民改造意愿影响显著;其中,空心村改造认知程度、是否整村改造和是否成为改造试点村为正向影响.空心村地形、空心村到镇中心距离、农民年人均收入、补偿形式、安置范围、是否住进农民公寓、改造资金筹措方式等对农民改造意愿影响不显著.     

基于出行链的居民行为决策影响因素分析

城市空间与居民行为有着密不可分的内在联系,活动分析法(Activity-based Approach)是将时间与空间、活动与移动、选择与制约结合起来分析人类行为的有效手段.基于出行链(Tour-based)分析思想,以2007年北京城市居民活动日志调查数据为基础,运用Logistic回归模型和次序Logit模型对居民工作日出行的多目的性、交通方式机动化程度的决策影响因素进行分析.结果表明,个人社会经济属性对居民出行链的决策具有显著的影响;随着居住空间由中心向外缘扩展,居民出行的多目的性增加、机动化程度提高,扩展至五环以外有所回落;活动时间、移动时间、出行距离对出行链的多目的化、交通工具机动化具有正向影响,晚高峰的机动化程度较高.     

垃圾焚烧发电项目安装工程中存在的问题及应对措施

随着我国的经济不断发展,居民的生活水平和工作水平获得了较大的提高,在客观上促进了国家的进步和社会的发展。但是,现阶段我国面临一个较大的挑战,那就是电力紧张问题。几乎所有的地区都在一定程度上表现出了电力紧张,为了充分保障居民的日常生活和工作用电,同时也为了处理好日益增多的生活垃圾给环境带来的污染,部分地区启动了垃圾焚烧发电项目。此项工程虽然能够提供较多的电力资源,但是也存在一定的问题。从客观上说,垃圾焚烧所带来的污染是一方面,整体的发电技术又是一方面,还有居民的接受程度,国家的支持力度等等。必须将其中存在的问题有效处理,才能更好的推广垃圾焚烧发电这一项环保工程。     

城市化社会认同度及湿地资源环境评估研究——从深圳居民感知视角

深圳湾红树林湿地是世界上唯一位于市区的国家红树林自然保护区湿地,随着深圳市30多年的快速城市化发展,生态环境趋于脆弱。不少学者已针对湿地生态系统的生物群落、无机环境以及系统的修复和重建等进行了大量研究,而从居民感知的视角对城市化认同度及湿地资源环境评估的研究在国内较少见。研究运用意愿调查价值评估法对保护区周边居民进行了访谈与问卷调查分析。得出居民存在环保意识强、环保知识弱、对城市化社会认同度高、对现状满意度低的结果,为城市的经济、资源与环境可持续发展提供了参考依据。     

Inclusion of disabled people in the Italian labour market: an efficiency analysis of law 68/1999 at regional level

Law 68 of March 12, 1999, whose aim is the regulation and promotion of the employment of persons with disabilities, delegates to the regions the management of the labour market. Consequently, its successful implementation depends almost exclusively on the regions’ actions and ability to efficiently coordinate the various actors involved in the work integration of disabled people. The main objective of this paper is to verify which Italian regions are ranked among the most efficient ones in the application of this law. To this purpose, the efficiency analysis is carried out by applying the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to Italian regions data for the year 2005. In this context, we implement a “cascade” analysis by introducing both environmental variables and social capital variables in different steps of the analysis. The results show that the sheer presence of potential employers and of employment offices is not enough to make a region able to correctly apply the law 68/1999. Both environmental and socio-welfare factors have to be considered, as they are important in determining the efficiency of each region in providing employment for disabled people. Hence, the present study represents an additional source of useful information to policy makers for future economic policy actions in order to promote the integration of disabled people in the labour market: environmental and social capital variables ought to be included as policy instruments within the context of law 68/1999.     

我国城乡居民收入差距的数理经济模型及其实证研究

深化收入分配制度改革,增加城乡居民收入是我国改革的根本目标。改革开放以来,我国的经济持续快速发展,人民的生活水平得到了很大提高,但与此同时,我国也出现了严重的居民收入差距。文章在对收入分配的影响因素进行分析的基础上,建立一个回归模型分析所有制结构的演变与居民收入的关系,进而通过协整分析和格兰杰因果检验,对二元经济结构与城乡居民收入差距之间的数量关系进行了分析和检验。研究结论表明:转型期所有制结构的演变以及二元经济结构是我国居民收入差距呈扩大趋势的根本原因,二元经济结构与城乡居民收入差距具有单向的格兰杰原因。最后针对城乡收入差距扩大的趋势提出相应的解决对策。     

Corporative social responsibilities perceptions: an aproximation through Spanish university students’ values

Examining university students’ values and perceptions of Social Corporative Responsibility (CSR) are one area that could lead to a better understanding of European university students’ behaviour to social initiatives offered by the firms, and the socialization that their academic institutions collaborate to generate in their students. The purpose of this study is to respond the following research questions: (a) what is the university students’ value structure?; (b) what are the perceptions of students about the CSR performance?; (c) how do personal values affect the perceptions of students’ CSR?; And (d) what is the relationship between CSR perception and the background variables? A sample of 1,060 university students from Social Sciences and statistical methods as multidimensional scaling, cluster analysis, and categorical principal component analysis have been used. Through the findings, this paper expects to highlight that the education in values and social responsibility is relevance not only for Society but also for Companies and even more High-Education Institutions.     

《防治船舶污染海洋环境管理条例》解读

随着我国航运业的快速发展,船舶数量不断增多,与船舶有关的装卸、过驳、油料供受、修造、打捞、拆解以及其他作业活动也日益频繁,防治船舶及其有关作业活动污染海洋环境的问题日益突出。《防治船舶污染海域管理条例》的出台,能够更好地防治船舶及其有关作业活动污染海洋环境,保护人民群众生命财产安全和海洋环境,促进经济和社会的可持续发展。     

浅析环境噪声对城市人群的影响

城市是人们为了获得更美好的生活而聚集的地方,随着我国经济的高速增长,城市化进程得到了快速发展,近年来,我国随着老城区的改造,新城区的建设及农村城镇化建设步伐的加快,城市居住区面积及居民数量的不断增大,居住区噪声污染问题也日益严重,城市环境噪声对居住区居民的干扰和危害日益严重,不但干扰居民正常的工作、学习和睡眠质量,而且还对人在生理和心理上产生不可忽视的影响,甚至会危害到人的身体健康,从而引发各种疾病。     

‘Eco’ For Whom? Envisioning Eco‐urbanism in the Sino‐Singapore Tianjin Eco‐city,China

Eco‐cities have attracted international attention from governments, corporations, academics and other actors seeking to use sustainable urban planning to reduce urban environmental impacts. China has devoted significant political will and economic resources to the development of new‐build eco‐city projects, reflecting the Chinese government's goals to build a ‘harmonious society' in which environmental sustainability and social stability are mutually reinforcing. We critically analyse the case of the Sino‐Singapore Tianjin eco‐city to demonstrate that the eco‐city's ecologically modernizing visions of eco‐urbanism construct a protective environment for its residents that constrains broader consideration of social sustainability. Through analysis of the marketing and presentation of specific domestic and other spaces of the eco‐city, we examine the application of ecologically modernizing construction and technology to the design of the city. We argue that the eco‐city is discursively constructed as ecologically beneficial for its inhabitants rather than for the broader socio‐environmental landscape. Our analysis of residential spaces in Tianjin eco‐city introduces the question of what ‘eco’ means when considering the construction of eco‐urban environments for the city's residents.     

Adopting sustainable innovation: what makes consumers sign up to green electricity?

This paper investigates what encourages consumers to adopt a green electricity tariff. When people decide to adopt an innovation, such as green electricity, they consider not only functionality, usability, costs and intended outcomes, but also what the innovation means to them, for example, the way it reflects their identity, image, memberships, values and norms. The study reviews the theoretical frameworks of innovation adoption and consumption, and cognitive and normative behaviour, relevant to consumer adoption of pro‐environmental innovations, and develops a research framework. Through focus group discussions, a questionnaire survey with 103 respondents and an interview with 10 people, the study finds that consumers sympathetic to environmental issues do not necessarily adopt green electricity. This is due to lack of strong social norms and personal relevance, inconvenience of switching, uncertainty about the quality of green electricity and lack of accurate information. The implications of these findings for strategy, policy and future research are explored. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Evaluating environmental and social performance of large Portuguese companies: a balanced scorecard approach

A thematic balanced scorecard format was used to address environmental and social performance evaluation of 13 large companies operating in Portugal. Financial aspects of environmental and social company activities are also included. Companies were categorized as to their actual performance status using a predefined performance framework. Three categories were found: compliance with the law while emphasizing pollution control, pollution prevention and eco‐efficiency. Management tools and procedural matters were found to be most relevant for categorization. Often, reported information did not allow for quantitative evaluation of environmental burden reduction. Use of the thematic balanced scorecard format was useful to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of links between objectives and measurements, initiatives and achievements. Improvement as to environmental performance was found to be paralleled by increased social performance, suggesting that a multi‐level ‘sustainability’ performance categorization of these Portuguese companies is feasible. Driving forces for environmental management initiatives were found to differ by category of performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.