网络伦理问题分析

网络发展一方面为社会带来极大福利,另一方面由于网络社会结构缺陷,社会规范脱节及经济利益驱动,导致了观念的、规范的和行为的三个层面的网络伦理问题。根据网络伦理的表现形式和网络伦理产生的原因,从三个方面阐述网络伦理的构建,即技术监控,法律法规建设和伦理道德的规范以及伦理教育,旨在规范人们的网络行为,净化网络空间。     

从创新生态系统视角看网络空间知识创新行为

网络空间已成为企业和个体创新的重要场所,探索如何促进网络空间知识创新行为持续增长具有现实意义。基于创新生态系统视角,构建网络空间下的知识创新生态系统,分析系统要素的相互作用,并通过对6个网络虚拟社区的75名成员访谈数据进行编码分析,从网络空间类型和创新主体参与程度双维度切入,研究其组合情境下系统要素的知识创新动机及行为选择。结果发现,空间类型和主体参与程度对网络空间知识创新行为具有重要影响。在此基础上,从人的激励和平台环境治理两方面提出了促进网络空间知识创新持续增长的3种策略。     

The critical discount factor as a measure for cartel stability?

This paper considers the stability of tacit collusion in price setting duopolies with repeated interaction. The minimum discount factor above which tacit collusion can be sustained in a subgame perfect equilibrium is called the critical discount factor δ*. In addition, δ* is often used as an intuitive measure for the stability of a tacit cartel, assuming that a collusive equilibrium is more difficult to sustain when δ* increases. However, according to standard theory the distance δ − δ* between the actual and the critical discount factor does not matter for stability as long as δ > δ*. This paper contributes experimental evidence that supports the intuitive idea that a larger critical discount factor makes collusion a less likely outcome.      

More on money as a medium of exchange

Summary We extend the analysis of Kiyotaki and Wright, who study economies where the commodities that serve as media of exchange (or, commodity money) are determined endogenously. Kiyotaki and Wright consider only steady-state, pure-strategy equilibria; here we allow dynamic and mixed-strategy equilibria. We demonstrate that symmetric, steady-state equilibria in mixed-strategies always exist, while sometimes no such equilibria exist in pure-strategies. We prove that the number of symmetric steady-state equilibria is generically finite. We also show, however, that for some parameter values there exists a continuum of dynamic equilibria. Further, some equilibria display cycles.We thank the National Science Foundation and the University of Pennsylvania Research Foundation for financial support, as well as seminar participants at Stanford University, the London School of Economics, the Econometric Society World Congress in Barcelona, and the Conference on Monetary Theory and Financial Institutions at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis for their comments or suggestions. Alberto Trejos provided research assistance. The views expressed here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis or the Federal Reserve System.     

Economic growth as a function of human capital,internet and work

The World Bank has suggested the need to enhance Information and Communication Technology skills in all sectors because a 10% increase in internet connectivity was found to boost GDP growth by 1.38%. Simultaneously, the OECD argued that high internet access rates generate a 2% increase in GDP. Because the internet positively affects economic growth, we investigated the relationship between an economically active population, human capital and technology to evaluate these effects in Mexico. A data series from 1991 to 2010 was analysed in three stages according to the least-squares method. A Cobb–Douglas function under the Solow model was considered. Technology and internet access were found to positively affect top-level students and graduate students and thus contribute to the global innovation index.     

The Delphi method as early warning: Linking global societal trends to future radicalization and terrorism in The Netherlands

A Delphi study was performed to answer the question: Which global societal trends relate to future radicalization and subsequent terrorism in the Netherlands? An inventory of two hundred global societal trends and a literature study of radicalization together served as briefing of the participants in the Delphi study. The first two rounds were conducted in anonymous writing. The third round was a face to face focus group meeting. In the first and second round participants scored the trends, adjusted their scores relative to others and provided arguments, and in the focus group meeting, themes were discussed in which the participants remained to have strong opposite views. This approach emphasizes divergence in opinion (‘dissensus’), as opposed to convergence (‘consensus’). Consensus seeking to us seems to be the dominant application of Delphi, but we emphasize the value of seeking dissensus. We hypothesize that in those cases where the opposite views that were discussed kept their ground, this Delphi study may have found early warnings of future radicalization.The essence of this paper is that it is possible, with limited effort, to get a handle on the complex and poorly defined subject of global societal trends influencing future radicalization. Application of the Dissensus Delphi method provided a selection of early warnings that may be looked into with future research.     

Metatheory as the key to understanding: Schumpeter after Shionoya

In his recent book, Yuichi Shionoya departs from previous Schumpeterianstudies. He sets out to reconstruct Schumpeter's metatheoreticalframework, which he argues is the key to a correct interpretationof his substantive writings. The centrepiece of this projectis the thesis that Schumpeter has a coherent methodologicalposition—instrumentalism—which consistently underpinshis theoretical work. The present paper examines this thesis,and in so doing paves the way for an alternative hypothesison Schumpeter. This hypothesis is based on Tony Lawson's workon the philosophy of economics.     

The evolution of a technological system: the case of CNC machine tools in Korea

Focusing on a product, this paper reconstructs the concept of technological systems first introduced by Carlsson and Stankiewicz (1991) in this Journal. Based on the model, we analyze the evolution process and performance of Korea's technological system for computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools as a catching-up case. The study shows that the length of 'learning period' for the system was substantial, even in a catching-up case. Especially, in the Korean case, the government played a 'macro-entrepreneurial' role in the molding of the technological system by giving legitimacy to the system, by mobilizing a nation-specific industrial organization of Chaebol system, and by enhancing the academia-industry-research institution links.JEL Classification: L52, L61, O30We thank two anonymous referees for very helpful comments and suggestions.Correspondence to: B. Carlsson     

Money as a medium of exchange and monetary growth in an underdevelopment context

This paper constructs a neoclassical monetary growth model applicable to less developed economies, in that (1) the economy is assumed to be labour-surplus (as a result of which its steady-state growth rate is an endogenous variable), and (2) differential savings propensities on the part of profit- and wage-earners are postulated. The model predicts that an increase in the rate of monetary expansion increases the steady-state rate of inflation, increases the capital-labour ratio, reduces the money-labour ratio, and reduces the steady-state growth rate. Because of this last-mentioned fact, an inflationary policy is held to be unfavorable to economic development, despite the fact that it increases the capital-labour ratio. Some implications of the analysis for the well-known ‘choice of techniques’ problem are also discussed.     

农村城镇化基础设施建设资金的筹措

农村城镇化基础设施是农村城镇化质量的重要衡量指标。为了筹措较多的农村城镇化基础设施建设资金,应树立经营农村城镇的理念,建立投资主体多元化的运行机制,完善土地有偿使用制度,打破行政性垄断思维模式,加大对农村城镇化基础设施的投资力度。     

电子商务--必须高度重视优先发展

电子商务是影响21世纪世界经济格局的新型经济模式,它给我们中国的企业带来了挑战,同时也带来了机遇,充分认识这种挑战,抓住机遇,优先发展并利用电子商务带来的优势,对我们的企业乃至整个国家都具有十分重要的战略意义。     

A comparative analysis of funding schemes for public infrastructure spending in Quebec

The economic literature has been investigating the positive relation between public infrastructure spending and the productivity of the private sector since Munnell (1992). We have introduced this relationship into a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the Quebec economy to investigate various funding schemes to scale up infrastructure spending in the province. We draw our assumptions from Estache et al. (2010) combined with sectoral elasticity parameters. We conduct a comparative analysis where the funding comes from debt alone, and debt with sales tax, income tax and business tax. Our main finding is that the income tax seems to produce the most positive effects and the businesses tax the most negative effects, though differences are small.     

基于和谐社会构建的图书馆教育职责刍议

和谐社会构建是一个精神文明、物质文明和政治文明的有机统一的过程。图书馆作为重要的文化传播的主要载体和教育活动场所,在为构建和谐社会和文化建设中具有极其重要的社会责任。其教育功能和职责是发挥其社会文化传播的主要职能的同时,采取多种服务形式,加强对读者特别是青少年阅读的指导,并不断融入现代化元素,让青少年能够在网络阅读中健康成长,不断赋予图书馆在新时代教育的历史使命,从而为和谐社会的建设作出积极的贡献。     

A flow mechanism for layering in a heterogeneous porous medium

The flow of a particle fluid mixture through a heterogeneous permeable material is studied with a view to obtaining characteristic fingerprints for the structures that such flows may exhibit. This flow has a variable density and behaves as a compressible fluid, with the compressibility derived from the variations of the local field variables. Both pressure-sensitive or speed-fluctuation-dependent rheologies are studied in the steady state and a speed-fluctuation-dependent material is studied in a time-dependent analysis. The salient findings are that for a pressure-sensitive material structures normal to the mean flow direction are obtained. For the speed-fluctuation-dependent rheology, the pressure structures are normal to the mean flow, whereas the density structures are aligned with the flow (fingering).     

农业基础设施建设中企业运用“建设-经营-转让”模式的博弈策略研究

从企业角度,针对农业基础设施建设项目中的建设-经营-转让模式,利用博弈论的相关理论和方法,分析企业实现其利润最大化的特许权期博弈、成本博弈以及两者之间关系的博弈。     

Contracting Boundaries as Institutional Infrastructure: Efficacy, Adaptation, and Obsolescence: Commentary on La Croix and Ghiselin's Comments

The New Institutional Economics (NIE) emphasizes that different governance structures generate a rich variety of observed institutional arrangements. In Yarbrough & Yarbrough (1999), we extended this reasoning to argue that different governance structures also carry implications for the sets of acceptable contracting partners or ‘insiders’. Here we discuss various contracting groups as institutional infrastructures and evaluate their efficiency, ability to adapt, and longevity or possible obsolescence in the face of changes in the nature of transactions or of the transactional environment. The fact that, despite their many shortcomings, private institutional infrastructures continue to be built, to adapt, and to function, even in modern societies with well-developed state-based legal systems, provides a measure of the centrality and complexity of the task of assuring contractual integrity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

寻求城市基础设施建设筹融资的有效途径

本针对我国城市基础设施建设资金运作中存在的主要问题,提出加快城市基础设施建设资金筹措上要解决思想,转变观念,促进投融资体制的市场化,以拓宽投融资渠道,扩大投资规模,提高全国城市基础设施建设水平。     

大学生利用网络学习的现状调查——以新疆财经学院统计与信息管理系为例

利用网络学习已经成为大学生上网的主要目的之一，也是大学生学习的主要形式之一。本文通过问卷调查的方式，主要了解学生使用网络的基本情况、学生利用网络学习的情况、学生对网络学习的价值判断、学生使用网络的技能情况、教师在学生利用网络学习中的作用、学生在网络学习中的互助性等现状，指出了目前大学生在网络学习中存在的问题，并提出了几点建议。