A process model of residential resettlement

Quality & Quantity -     

Racial residential segregation in multiple neighborhood markets: a dynamic sorting study

Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination - Various degrees of residential segregation by income and race generally exist in U.S. cities. This study extends Sethi and Somanathan’s...     

A simultaneous model of workplace and residential location incorporating job search

The paper develops a model of spatial job search to provide a theory of workplace location with respect to a predetermined place of residence which, the paper argues, is needed to complement the theory of residential location from a predetermined workplace. By concentrating on the role of the skill level of the job seeker, the model distinguishes predictions of the workplace location based on search from those based on commuting considerations. Household survey data from Greater London is analyzed to support the propositions of the search model in the determination of the relationship between the workplace and the household location.     

城市住区邻里交往衰落的社会历史根源

住区的公共空间环境并非影响我国城市居住交往衰落的决定因素.对影响我国城市住区邻里交往的社会、历史根源剖析、比较后发现,"人际互动契机的减少"是影响住区邻里交往衰落的共性、根本因素,增进邻里交往的关键在于互动契机之营造.据此结论,对我国增进城市住区邻里交往的传统建筑理论加以校验,以期从另一个角度对该领域的理论研究略有借鉴与启发.     

邻里资本视角下的城市住区空间变革

对当下城市住区邻里社会资本的缺失现状和背景成因进行了探讨,揭示出当前住区空间变异与邻里社会网络退化的相互消极影响,在此基础上提出必须重新审视城市住区发展的价值取向,并结合住区空间营造提出变革策略.     

导游小费制初探

介绍了"小费"的产生及发展,分析了它在我国的发展情况,并论证了实施小费制给旅游者、导游和旅行社带来的利益;认为在旅游业中实施小费制是可行的,提出了在实施小费制过程中所遇到的问题及解决措施.     

Racial prejudice and residential segregation: The Yinger model revisited

Yinger's model of racial prejudice in the housing market is the first rigorous alternative to Bailey's early work. It is important both because his specification of racial prejudice is intuitively plausible and because it has been adopted in much empirical work but never before been subjected to rigorous theoretical examination. However, his derivation of equilibrium conditions rests in part on inappropriate analyses that significantly affect his conclusions. This paper derives what I regard as the appropriate equilibrium conditions. Yinger's original finding that the white community has strong incentives to foster seller discrimination against blacks remains strongly supported.     

A psychometric analysis of residential location

Traditional housing needs studies focus on the trade-off between location and housing amenities. In most models, mode choice is viewed as conditional behavior in a given setting. New movers, however, select a new environment which includes a house, neighbourhood and transportation system. By using psychometric techniques, the attitudes and preferences of new movers to the suburbs of a large northeast city were analyzed to determine the relative importance in their selection process of the transportation characteristics of the new location. It was found that local and regional transportation and public transit played little role in selecting an apartment. There was no evidence of tradeoffs between travel time and living space postulated by urban economics. Most important to the choice process of these residents were internal characteristics of the apartment and pricing issues. This supports the idea that suburbanites chose to be captive auto users even when equivalent housing opportunities with transport alternatives are available. Implications for public transit and land use planning alternatives for the suburbs are discussed.     

An empirical model of residential location and the journey-to-work in a metropolitan area

In this paper we present and estimate a single equation model designed to explain the residential location behaviour of individuals living in a multi-centered metropolitan area. We test the model for heads of households and non-heads of households separately, as well as for the total working population, in order to isolate differences in commuting behaviour between primary and secondary wage earners. The relationships are estimated from 1971 Census, cross-section data using least squares multiple regression. The data pertain to the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) and sixty-three designated zones therein.The estimation results reveal that although location-rents prove to be significant in the individual's residential location decision-making process, their effect was limited to discouraging those employed in or near the central business district (CBD) from living close to work. The existence of secondary employment centres did not have the same significant effect in bidding up location-rents. Furthermore, contrary to the standard theory, the results suggest that residential location decisions are made in response to the availability of collective residential opportunities and workers' preferences for specific residential attributes rather than by reference to the “transportation cost—housing cost” trade-off. Among the socio-economic variables, age of the worker is found to be most significant in affecting journey-to-work distance. The results provide some evidence that non-heads are, to a certain extent, more sensitive to urban structural constraints in their commuting behaviour.     

Urban residential land rent function: An alternative Muth-Mills model

The urban residential land rent function has been studied extensively in the field of urban economics, and the land rent function of Muth and Mills is considered to be one of the typical functional forms which is used in empirical studies. However, the model of Muth and Mills simply assumed the demand function for housing services to be a power function of income, which gives rise to a question. The main purpose of this paper is to derive an alternative form of the urban residential land rent function which is consistent with the utility maximization behavior of consumers and to discuss the estimation procedure of the derived land rent function.     

A note on globalization and urban residential rents

We present evidence on the impact of international economic openness upon residential real estate, consistent with the well-known Balassa–Samuelson effect, which suggests that increasing openness raises relative prices of non-tradable goods and services. Using a data set for 46 cities in different countries, we find that urban rents are positively affected by the openness of the economy and by city size.     

Policy change and learning in the RBC model

What is the impact of surprise and anticipated policy changes when agents form expectations using adaptive learning rather than rational expectations? We examine this issue using the standard stochastic real business cycle model with lump-sum taxes. Agents combine knowledge about future policy with econometric forecasts of future wages and interest rates. Dynamics under learning can have large impact effects and a gradual hump-shaped response, and tend to be prominently characterized by oscillations not present under rational expectations. These fluctuations reflect periods of excessive optimism or pessimism, followed by subsequent corrections.     

A note on the determinants of residential succession

A recent paper by J. Brueckner [J. Urban Econ., 4, (1977)] presents empirical evidence that the Muth vintage model explains the neighborhood succession process better than the Bailey boundary externality model. This note shows that Brueckner's apparent empirical findings are spurious as a result of the construction of the dependent variable, and do not provide insight into the neighborhood succession process. Re-estimation of the corrected regressions using similar data yields results which are clearly supportive of neither theoretical model.     

城市居住空间分异与住区规划应对策略

针对当前我国大城市开始出现的不同收入阶层居住空间分异的趋势 ,从理论上分析了居住空间分异现象产生的机制 ,并对这一现象引发的社会效果进行了分析 ,从城市住区规划的角度提出了若干应对策略     

A correction to Whitney and Boots: An examination of residential mobility through the use of the log-linear model: Part II

A major, potentially compromising, computational error in the title paper is corrected and analyzed. In addition, an hypothesis as to its origin is offered.     

Catastrophic structural change in a continuous regional model

This paper discusses a continuously dispersed production economy in two-dimensional space where one kind of output is produced by four primary inputs. Land is used as space and as a source of raw materials, which by the application of labour, capital equipment and energy are converted into the finished product. Land, capital and labour are available within the region, whereas energy is imported. Trade between locations is represented by continuous flows that follow routes minimizing transportation costs and are related to the local excess supplies and excess demands. The location pattern resulting from structural stability is studied. Afterwards umbilic catastrophes resulting from changes of, e.g., energy prices are discussed in detail.     

Time on market and sales price of residential housing: A note

This note extends the study of Kalra and Chan (1994). A simultaneous TOBIT equations model is established to address the simultaneity nature of time on the market (TOM) and sales price (SP) in the presence of censored sample bias. We find that both TOM and SP are positively related to each other.     

Predicting loss given default (LGD) for residential mortgage loans: A two-stage model and empirical evidence for UK bank data

With the implementation of the Basel II regulatory framework, it became increasingly important for financial institutions to develop accurate loss models. This work investigates the loss given default (LGD) of mortgage loans using a large set of recovery data of residential mortgage defaults from a major UK bank. A Probability of Repossession Model and a Haircut Model are developed and then combined to give an expected loss percentage. We find that the Probability of Repossession Model should consist of more than just the commonly used loan-to-value ratio, and that the estimation of LGD benefits from the Haircut Model, which predicts the discount which the sale price of a repossessed property may undergo. This two-stage LGD model is shown to perform better than a single-stage LGD model (which models LGD directly from loan and collateral characteristics), as it achieves a better R² value and matches the distribution of the observed LGD more accurately.     

A macro model of change in specialty and spatial distribution of physicians in Canada, 1971-1981.

Most studies on physician distribution have examined static relationships involving the influence of such factors as socio-economic status. This study employs a causal model to study change in physician ratios (general practitioners and family physicians, and specialists) between 1971 and 1981 as a function of change in hospital bed ratios, population size, age distribution, educational attainment of the population, population "native", owner-occupied dwellings, and geographic proximity to the nearest metropolitan area, using physician data for 189 Canadian census divisions. The results, derived from LISREL VI analyses, indicate that specialists experienced increases in their supply in higher socio-economic status areas and in those areas losing general practitioners and family physicians (from 1971 to 1981). General practitioners and family physicians appear to have moved into areas with a relatively low percentage of owner-occupied dwellings and areas where a large percentage of the population is "native". Both groups of physicians appear to have increased in areas where there were increases in hospital facilities over the decade. The study confirms the known association between the two physician groups; that is, general practitioners and family physicians increased in areas gaining specialists and specialists increased in areas where considerable decreases in general practitioners and family physicians were occurring. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for physician manpower planning.