加快发展我国企业可转债市场

公司融资的三个主要途径是发行股票、公司债券和银行贷款。在以往对融资理论的研究过多地关注股票和债务融资的比例，而忽视了债务中银行贷款和公司债券的区别。其实，公司债券比银行贷款拥有更多的优势，尤其是在防范金融风险方面。银行体系失效的亚洲国家避免下一轮金融危机的一个有效途径就是尽快发展公司债券市场。对于金融体系同样被庞大而效率低下的银行所垄断的中国来说，发展公司债券市场是降低金融风险的一个明智选择。     

基于市场流动性的公司债发行定价合理性研究

债券市场作为一个国家货币政策和财政政策能有效实施以及国民经济能够有效均衡发展的保障,越来越受到世界各国的关注。公司债券作为债券市场的重要组成部分,在发达国家已经成为公司的主要融资方式。但是在我国,债券市场一直是我国资本市场的短板,而公司债券市场的发展尤为滞后。我国公司的间接融资比例高于直接融资比例,资本市场融资比例中股权融资又远远高于债务融资,这种不平衡不仅会使银行系统积聚巨大的系统风险,还会造成公司融资渠道受限、公司资本结构不合理和公司缺乏创新的局面。目前,我国公司债券的发展已经受到各方面的高度重视,而公司债券的定价作为发行过程中一个相当重要的环节,有相当重要的研究意义。本文拟在考虑到流动性度量的基础上,建立回归模型研究公司债券发行定价的合理性问题。     

进一步发展我国公司债券市场的对策

公司债券市场是资本市场的重要组成部分.公司债券的发展在增加公司资金来源渠道,降低融资成本,优化公司资本结构,促进现代企业制度的建立等方面起到了积极作用.然而我国公司债券的市场发展是滞后的,无论是发行市场还是交易市场都还很不成熟,还有许多亟待解决的问题.     

畸弱的公司债券:资本结构理论的现实悖论

我国公司债券融资发展速度缓慢,企业对股票融资和银行贷款更加偏重.造成这一状况的主要原因之一是我国现有公司治理结构的不完善,需要从优化股权结构、增强银行的相机控制机制等方面消除公司债券融资障碍.     

银行主导融资下企业债券市场的发展:替代还是互补——从契约期限看银行贷款和企业债券的选择

基于对银行主导的金融格局及企业融资偏好的分析,发现银行贷款在公司债务融资中占有绝大部分.这和传统理论所突出的公司债券相对于银行贷款具有比较优势是不相符的.从契约期限角度可推出银行贷款契约和企业债券契约的关系,即银行贷款在短期债务中具有比较优势,而企业债券在长期债务中具有比较优势.我国企业债券市场和银行信贷市场是一种静态的替代关系和动态的互补关系.这为我国企业债券市场的发展提供了一个新的思路.     

发展公司债券 推进体系完善——二论“中国资本市场体系的改革与发展”

公司债券、政府债券和肥票是资本市场的三大基本证券。在美国,公司债券占三大证券每年融资总额的比重达60％以上;在欧洲市场中,公司债券占三大证券每年融资总额的比重达80％左右;但在中国,企业债券所占比重不足2％(且不说,企业债券不属公司债券范畴)。因此,公司债券是资本市场的主体性证券品种,也是资本市场发挥其功能的主要证券载体,从这个意义上说,缺乏公司债券,资本市场只能是一个扭曲的不完整的市场。无庸赘述,发展公司债券市场已是推进中国资本市场建设主要内容和基本取向。     

我国资本市场结构的完善模式

1.扩大公司债券发行,把拓展债券市场作为扩大直接融资的重要途径。大力发展公司债券市场,不仅可以推出适应于不同融资需求的债券品种,进一步丰富市场产品,还会强化企业的预算约束和信用观念。企业以市场化方式发行债券,公司债券的利率将成为企业向银行借款时协商利率的重要参照指标,客观上为进一步推行银行贷款利率的市场化改革创造了条件,还有利于逐步打破银行对资金市场的垄断。为完善市场交易,应结合多层次资本市场建设和债券市场的发展,系统整合市场资源,建立统一互联的证券市     

进一步发展 我国公司债券市场的对策

公司债券市场是资本市场的重要组成部分。公司债券的发展在增加公司资金来源渠道,降低融资成本,优化公司资本结构,促进现代企业制度的建立等方面起到了积极作用。然而我国公司债券的市场发展是滞后的,无论是发行市场还是交易市场都还很不成熟,还有许多亟待解决的问题。一、我国公司债券市场的发展现状     

进一步发展我国公司债券市场的对策

公司债券市场是资本市场的重要组成部分。公司债券的发展在增加公司资金来源渠道，降低融资成本，优化公司资本结构，促进现代企业制度的建立等方面起到了积极作用。然而我国公司债券的市场发展是滞后的，无论是发行市场还是交易市场都还很不成熟，还有许多亟待解决的问题。     

我国企业债券融资行为

企业利用国内公司债券融资,可以改善企业资本结构,降低融资成本和完善公司治理结构。本文运用企业融资理论,对企业债券市场的规模以及企业的融资行为以及从我国上市公司融资行为的角度对企业运用公司债券融资进行研究。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究

本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。