The Value Added Tax on Electronic Commerce in the European Union

This paper concludes that any failure to apply value-added tax (VAT) to electronic commerce crossing borders between EU Member States and other countries should not affect the VAT liability of registered traders, even if the reverse charge rule (taxation in the hands of recipients) is not applied. The only type of e-commerce that is problematic involves sales of digital content to consumers and unregistered traders. However, such sales constitute a minuscule fraction of purchases by households and unregistered traders (given the extremely low level of small-business exemptions). Thus, while many believe that the question of how to tax e-commerce under the VAT is urgent, how it is resolved may not be very important.     

物业税改革的经济影响:一个文献综述

自从2003年我国提出物业税改革的设想后,物业税改革成为了一个热点话题.分析物业税改革可能带来的经济影响是当前讨论的重点之一.物业税将逐渐成为地方政府的一个稳定的主要收入来源.为地方政府提供长期而稳定的激励,提高地方公共财政的效率;物业税改革在短期内会降低房价,不过幅度不会太大,也不会降低购房者的负担;物业税改革还可以提高土地资源的配置效率,一定程度上缓解由土地批租制度带来的地方政府"寅吃卯粮"的问题.     

债务融资行为对亏损上市公司财务价值的驱动研究

文章研究了债务融资行为的三种特征(债务融资期限、债务融资方式和债务融资规模)对亏损上市公司财务价值的驱动路径和驱动机理。实证结果表明,债务融资期限结构对亏损上市公司的财务价值同时存在侵害和治理两种效应,并且随着流动负债比例的增加,亏损上市公司的财务价值表现出先升后降的趋势;从债务融资方式来看,银行借款的债务融资方式对亏损上市公司的财务价值也同时存在侵害效应和治理效应,但利用商业信用和临时性占用款进行债务融资的方式对亏损上市公司财务价值产生明显的反向驱动效应;债务融资规模对亏损上市公司的财务价值也同时存在正向和反向两种驱动效应,同样,随着负债比率的增加,亏损上市公司的财务价值也表现出先升后降的趋势。     

税收流失的博弈研究

本文认为税收流失是经济现象在税收领域的反映,体现的是纳税人采取各种手段与税务机关的博弈过程。由此,引入博弈论的方法,并提出应对思路,以期对加强税收管理工作起到一定的积极作用。     

亏损公司会计盈余价值相关性实证研究

本文在对中国资本市场1999～2005年亏损公司和盈利公司会计盈余和净资产账面价值的价值相关性作出对比分析之后,发现亏损公司会计盈余价值相关性弱于盈利公司,但每股净资产对股票价格的解释力度高于每股盈余对股票价格的解释力度,并且具有增加价值相关性,同时,规模变量是影响亏损公司股价的重要因素之一,但亏损公司现金流量价值相关性弱。     

Vertical Inequity in Property Taxation: A Neighborhood Based Analysis

This paper applies a model to test for vertical inequity in property taxes using a set of residential sales from Bloomington, Indiana. The initial purpose is to compare results with those using the presently accepted regression approach as applied by Smith, B. C. (2000). (See Journal of Real Estate Research 19(3), 321–344, to the same data.) The new outcomes demonstrate there can be significant inequity in a jurisdiction that remains hidden under previous testing methods. Also, the new procedure generates multipliers to adjust for identified inequities. Findings imply that tests for value-related inequity in property tax assessment should be conducted using multiple spatial scales.     

物业税法律体系构建

我国目前尚缺乏完备的物业税法律体系。一套完备且实操性良好的物业税法律体系是物业税改革成功的基础和保证。我国物业税法律体系的构建应遵循以下原则：将物业税立法权归中央,物业税税收行政权完全划归地方。即由中央制定物业税基本法,各地方根据本地区实际情况制定物业税实施细则。     

日韩两国的房产税及其启示

由于日本、韩国房地产市场发展与我国较为接近,对日韩两国征收房产税的经验进行比较对我国内地房产税改革具有借鉴意义。本文通过总结日韩两国房产税的异同点,分析了日韩两国制定房产税的特点及重点,并结合我国房产税实际,提出完善我国房产税的对策。     

Two-Rate Property Tax Effects on Land Development

Economists have long understood that the conventional property tax causes the housing stock to be smaller than it would be in the presence of a nondistortionary tax such as a land or site value tax. This article brings together the results from models of housing development timing and structural density with the results of a modern model of a graded property tax in an urban setting. The combination of results is used to investigate the effects of a communitys movement from a property tax to a two-rate tax system where land is taxed at a higher rate than structures. The conditions under which increasing reliance on a land or site value tax will increase housing structural density and speed of development are identified and examined. Policy implications are drawn.     

资源价值在企业循环经济中的计量研究——以氧化铝生产为例

文章在物质流概念的基础上,对资源价值的概念体系及其计算与分析方法进行了探讨.以氧化铝生产企业为研究对象,根据其生产流程确定了相应的物量中心,对各物量中心的产出价值进行了分类,分别计量了资源有效利用价值、废弃物损失及其环境损害价值,并绘制了与物质流相匹配的资源价值流图.其结果可对企业循环经济活动进行价值反映与评价,并参与循环经济分析与决策.     

Property Company Stock Price and Net Asset Value: A Mean Reversion Perspective

This study investigates the relationship between property company stock prices (P) and their net asset values (NAV) from a mean reversion perspective. In contrast to U.K. evidence, we find that there is absence of a long-term stable relationship between the two series. However, the variance ratio tests and multi-period regressions suggest that both P and NAV series have exhibited transitory components. In addition, there is some evidence of mean reversion behavior of Singapore property stock prices toward the property companies' NAVs over the past 15 years from 1985 to 1999, both at individual company level and in the sector as a whole. The results also reveal that NAV, as a traditional proxy to fundamental value, is significant in capturing the dynamics of the changes in property stock prices. Hence NAV is relevant in property company valuation. However the extent of mean reversion between the property stock prices and NAVs is slow and deviations between the two markets' valuation could therefore be prolonged.     

税收流失的司法补缺

税收流失是各国共同关注的问题之一。如何防止税收流失,事前的良好的征管环境的形成固然重要,而如何征收可能流失的税款,对于税收流失的治理来说同样重要。税收流失是国家征税权行使的不完满状态,司法途径应当成为对此征税权救济的重要和最终途径。针对在税收流失治理中我国诉讼制度对司法机关作用发挥的限制,为加强对税收流失的司法治理,应当对我国现有的民事、刑事和行政诉讼程序制度加以完善。     

Factors Influencing Interest Rates on Delinquent Property Tax Certificates

This study examines the market for delinquent property tax certificates, a commonly used enforcement mechanism in property tax systems around the United States. We model the value of such certificates using a continuous-time framework and propose a statistical model that allows testing for factors that affect interest rates charged by investors who purchase the certificates as investment instruments. Using sample data from tax certificate sales in Florida from 1982 to 2000, we find that interest rates on certificates are negatively and significantly related to assessed property value and homestead status, and positively related to local ownership. We find an inverse relationship between interest rates and the number of certificates purchased by the certificate investor, indicating a significant clientele effect in this market. We also find that the implied effective tax rate is positively related to the interest rates charged by investors. Overall, the findings provide insight into the function of this unique market niche.     

土地增值税立法:目的引入与税制修正

相较于暂行条例,《土地增值税法(征求意见稿)》未设置立法目的条款,未明确税种主要属性,只在立法说明中简单阐释立法意义和税制功能,此种立法技术很难经得起正当性拷问,既无法为集体土地增值税制明确构成要件和发展趋向提供指引,还在程序和实体两个维度抑制土地增值税调控功能的充分发挥.立法目的绝非可有可无的对象,而是税收立法的起点和税制正当性的来源,是在理论上、实务中提醒和督促祛除课税弊端的最佳利器.土地增值税是地方调控税,财政目的位居其次,若欲进一步夯实其立法正当性基础,应重新设置目的条款,即"为推动房地产市场健康发展,合理调节土地增值收益,健全地方税体系,制定本法".做实土地增值税立法目的,有利于调控税制并使集体土地增值税制相关问题尽快得到解决,推进税收实质法治建设.     

开征物业税对房地产巿场的影响——基于省际面板数据的分析

从理论方面分析开征物业税对房地产市场的影响可以看出,物业税对房地产市场的短期影响是降低房价,而长期影响则不显著;实证方面,以1999~2008年我国30个省份的面板数据为样本,对商品房价格与拟开征物业税之间的相关关系做进一步研究的结果表明,房地产市场价格与物业税之间存在负相关关系,且开征物业税对不同地区房地产价格的影响存在差异。因此,与现行房地产税相比,物业税的开征会对房价起到更明显的抑制作用,可以缓解房地产市场过热,抑制房地产市场泡沫,有利于实现房地产市场的良性运作。     

关于我国房地产税收问题的若干思考

随着高房价问题的日益突出,通过对个人住房征收房地产税抑制房价成为一个热点话题。从国际经验和国内试点看,房地产税的主要功能是为基层政府提供稳定的财政收入,难以作为调控房价的手段。房地产税无论是从价计征、从量计征,还是分等级定额征收,均有利有弊,我国应审慎考虑各方因素和现实情况,斟酌选择计税依据。从税收征管的简易性考虑,按房地产面积从量计征是现阶段房地产税改革的优选,同时应尽量缩小减免税的范围。     

The Capital Tax and Welfare Effects from Asymmetric Information on Equity Markets

This paper explores the implications of informational asymmetries between domestic and foreign investors for optimal capital tax rates and welfare. It adopts a model in which asymmetric information implies a home bias in equity. The paper finds that asymmetric information may raise capital tax rates by reducing the marginal cost of taxation. Furthermore, it shows that investors may gain from informational asymmetries. Although asymmetric information increases the uncertainty as perceived by investors, it may also increase tax rates and allow for a higher consumption of public goods. This reflects that asymmetric information may reduce the distortionary effects of competition among governments.     

公允价值的引入对投资性房地产核算的税务影响

新会计准则对企业的税务影响主要是相对影响,着重表现在对企业所得税费用的影响,但也有绝对影响,即对应纳所得税额的影响。本文结合实例分析新会计准则在投资性房地产等业务处理上适度引入"公允价值"作为会计核算计量模式后的税务影响。     

Barriers to Trade and Imperfect Competition: The Choice of Commodity Tax Base

Recent work has started to analyze the choice of international commodity tax base under conditions of imperfect competition. This paper focuses on the effects of changing levels of trade barriers in a model where firms engage in duopoly competition and governments set commodity taxes non-cooperatively. It is shown that the consumption base (destination principle) dominates the production base (origin principle) when trade costs are high, but the ranking of the two tax bases is reversed for low levels of trade costs. We conclude that the case for origin-based commodity taxes becomes stronger when barriers to trade fall.