消费观念与消费行为实证研究

通过构建消费观念的品牌性消费观念、超前性消费观念、实用性消费观念,并在"新消费文化观念构建"的调研数据的基础上,本文对消费行为和消费意向展开实证分析,研究结果表明品牌性消费观念和超前性消费观念对消费意向和消费行为均有正的影响,实用性消费观念对消费意向有负的影响,对消费行为有正的影响。     

Perceived Behavioral Integrity: Relationships with Employee Attitudes, Well-Being, and Absenteeism

Relationships between the behavioral integrity of managers as perceived by employees and employee attitudes (job satisfaction and life satisfaction), well-being (stress and health), and behaviors (absenteeism) were tested using data from the 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce (n = 2,820). Using multivariate and univariate analysis, perceived behavioral integrity (PBI) was positively related to job and life satisfaction and negatively related to stress, poor health, and absenteeism. The effect size for the relationship with job satisfaction was medium-to-large while the effect sizes with respect to the other variables were small-to-medium. There was no support for the hypotheses that women would perceive lower levels of behavioral integrity and that the strength of the relationships between PBI and the outcomes variables would be stronger among women than among men.     

The Role of Religiosity in Stress, Job Attitudes, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Religion and faith are often central aspects of an individual’s self-concept, and yet they are typically avoided in the workplace. The current study seeks to replicate the findings about the role of religious beliefs and practices in shaping an employee’s reactions to stress/burnout and job attitudes. Second, we extend the literature on faith in the workplace by investigating possible relationships between religious beliefs and practices and citizenship behaviors at work. Third, we attempted to study how one’s perceived freedom to express his/her religious identity at work was related to workplace attitudes and behaviors. Mixed results suggest that religiosity can be related to stress and burnout, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. More research is needed to further qualify the results and explore the effects of one’s perceived freedom to express his/her religious identity in the workplace.     

Fish Consumers: Environmental Attitudes and Purchasing Behavior

The objective of this study was to expand on the limited awareness of the U.S. fish consumer. Measures were tested through a Web-based national survey. The final survey consisted of 40 questions, including environmental awareness, food neophobia, fish consumption, reasons for consuming fish, and demographic variables. Correlations and t tests were used to analyze relationships between eating fish in restaurants and other variables. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to segment respondents into two groups based on their environmental awareness and neophylic/neophobic attitudes. EcoFish consumers were more likely to be male, eat fish for health and the environment, and eat fish at restaurants significantly more than the Indifferent Fish consumers. Restaurants can use these results to market to eco-friendly, health-conscious fish consumers.     

An Investigation of People's Time Orientation,Attitudes, and Behavior Toward Advertising in an International Context

ABSTRACT

Past studies have indicated that there are cross-cultural/national differences among people's perception of time and how they use time available for them and what factors affect their time-related purchasing and consumption decisions. It is stated that each culture or subculture could have its own dominant construct of time. The present study examines time use and orientation and time attitudes toward different activities, including advertising in an emerging economy of Georgia. Study results indicate that present orientation and consciousness of future, planning orientation, time saving, realization of present in the light of past, and action orientation are salient factors channeling time orientations of Georgian consumers.     

The Moral Intensity of Privacy: An Empirical Study of Webmaster' Attitudes

Webmasters are a key moral agent in the issue of privacy. This study attempts to understand the factors underlying their attitudes about privacy based on the theory of moral intensity. Webmasters of high-traffic sites were invited via email to participate in a web-based survey. The results support the application of moral intensity to the domain of privacy and the population of webmasters – both outcomes and social norms have statistically significant main effects on attitudes. The results also suggest a reconfiguration of the dimensions of moral intensity. This is based on the observation that proximity to the organization has a negative main effect on attitudes, and it moderates the relationship between social norms and attitudes. The original theory of moral intensity did not acknowledge the possibility of this moderating role for proximity. These observations have important implications for future research and practice in the areas of privacy, moral intensity, and ethical decision making.     

The Life Cycle of Temporary Cultural Exhibitions: An Empirical Exploration

This paper investigates the product life‐cycle of temporary cultural exhibitions. Using data drawn from 27 exhibitions that took place in Italy in the period 2000–01, we identify two different life‐cycles patterns. For the group of short life exhibitions, except in a few cases of a positive ‘première effect,’ the number of admissions is roughly constant over time and the cycle is linear. For the group of long life exhibitions, the mean number of admissions is subject to a decrease over time and a non‐linear life‐cycle emerges.     

面向消费者的现代营销体系建设探索与实证研究

本文分析阐述了如何通过信息化手段提高烟草商业企业面向消费者服务的水平,重点研究论述了面向消费者的现代烟草营销体系的构想与策略,并就一些关键问题作了深入分析与研究。     

Drivers and Outcomes of Green Tourist Attitudes and Behavior: Sociodemographic Moderating Effects

This article reports the findings of a study, conducted among 234 foreign tourists who visited Cyprus, that aimed to identify the drivers and outcomes of eco‐friendly attitudes and behavior. Using structural equation modeling, the authors confirmed that deontological status, law obedience, and political action of tourists positively influence the adoption of an environmentally friendly attitude. In turn, these effects are conducive to eco‐friendly behavior, which ultimately enhances tourist satisfaction. Certain sociodemographic characteristics of tourists—namely, gender, age, education, and income—had a moderating effect on the link between deontological status, law obedience, and political action on the one hand and eco‐friendly attitudes on the other hand. Tourist nationality also had a control effect on tourist eco‐friendly attitudes.     

Stakeholder Influence Strategies: An Empirical Exploration

In the present study, I sought to more fully understand stakeholder organizations’ strategies for influencing business firms. I conducted interviews with 28 representatives of four environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs): Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), Greenpeace, Environmental Defense (ED), and Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS). Qualitative methods were used to analyze this data, and additional data in the form of reviews of websites and other documents was conducted when provided by interviewees or needed to more fully comprehend interviewee’s comments. Six propositions derived from Frooman (1999) formed the basis for the initial data analysis; all six propositions were supported to some extent. Perhaps more interestingly, the data revealed that Frooman’s model is too parsimonious to adequately describe stakeholder influence strategies and related alliances, necessitating the development of an alternative theoretical model grounded in the data collected.     

上司支持感对员工工作态度和沉默行为的影响

采用问卷调查法,以珠三角地区企业组织的485名员工为研究对象,探讨了上司支持感对下属的组织承诺和工作投入两种工作态度以及沉默行为的影响及其作用机制.结构方程模型分析的结果表明:上司支持感对组织承诺和工作投入均具有显著的正向影响,对沉默行为具有显著的负向影响;上司信任和心理安全在上司支持感与组织承诺、工作投入以及沉默行为之间均起完全中介作用.     

Social Sharing of Online Videos: Examining American Consumers’ Video Sharing Attitudes,Intent, and Behavior

The present study integrated the theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, and Palka et al.'s (2009) viral marketing model to examine U.S. consumers’ online video sharing attitudes, intent, and behavior. Two online surveys of 318 U.S. college students and 370 U.S. general consumers were conducted consecutively in April 2012 and May 2012 to strengthen the study's reliability and validity. Results show that perceived pleasure and cost served as important predictors of online video sharing attitudes among college students and general consumers. Their intent to share online videos was predicted by perceived pleasure and normative influences, attitudes, and social media use. The number of online videos they shared was determined by online video consumption, intenteh, normative influences, and social media use. Sharing of online videos is different from sharing other online content in that perceived utilities and behavioral control do not really matter. The findings carry important implications for academic researchers, online marketers, and video publishers.     

Canadian Social Enterprises: An Empirical Exploration of Social Transformation,Financial Self-Sufficiency,and Innovation

This article reports on empirical research investigating social transformation, financial self-sufficiency, and innovation in Canadian social enterprises. A set of profiles on 60 randomly selected social enterprises utilizing information from each organization's Web site was developed and analyzed. The profiles show that about one-third of the sample enterprises were deemed high in social transformation, approximately one-half were assessed high in financial self-sufficiency, and fewer that one-fifth were found to be highly innovative. Implications for marketing in social enterprises are drawn.     

The Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Ethical Orientations in Decision Making: An Empirical Study with Business Executives in Australia

The purpose of this study was to determine the applicability of Buddhist practices in today’s workplaces. The findings were supported by interviews with Buddhist masters and Buddhist business practitioners, as well as literature review, through phenomenological analysis. As a means of presenting the main reasons why Buddhist practices should be considered in contemporary workplaces, a SWOT analysis is presented. In this analysis, a number of strengths for using Buddhist practices in workplaces are listed such as pro-scientific, greater personal responsibility, and healthy detachment, while potential weaknesses such as non-harming, equanimity, and no competition are also reviewed. Both the strengths and the weaknesses could be listed in reverse if applied to a different extent. Among the opportunities were issues such as re-educating the world of business, enhancing personal ownership and a healthier society, while the threats comprised issues such as creating different imbalances, disinterest, and stationary development.     

我国农户消费理性行为的实证研究

本文利用偏自相关函数（PACF）、DF检验、工具变量法（IV）等分析方法,对农户的消费行为进行了实证分析,得出农户消费在统计上是符合随机游走假说的,但实际上有0．223的偏差．1阶滞后以后的农户消费对当期消费仍具有一定的负向影响。根据实证分析结果,在农户消费的增加额中．有47．6％来自农户当期收入的增加,有52．4％来自农户持久收入的增加。因此,虽然理性都是有限的,但与西方典型消费者相比,我国农户呈现出了更多“有限理性”的特点。针对我国农户消费行为,为了开拓农村市场,应该提高农民素质、完善农村市场、改善农村消费环境。     

Impact of Consumer Awareness,Knowledge, and Attitudes on Organic Rice Purchasing Behavior in China

This study examines how Chinese consumers’ awareness, knowledge, and attitudes influences their purchasing behavior for organic rice. The aim is to determine whether regional differences in these factors and in the resulting behavior exist and thereby, to provide the organic rice industry with sufficient information to expand its market and improve profitability. Respondents answered a total of 1,371 questionnaires, whereby 406, 539, and 426 responses came from inland, coastal, and northern regions, respectively. A binary logit regression is applied to analyze the survey data and predict purchasing behavior at the national and regional levels. While the results indicate that consumer awareness, product certification, and product availability factors have a positive impact on the likelihood of purchasing organic rice, the price has a negative relationship with organic rice consumption. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that northern consumers are more likely to buy organic rice than those in inland and coastal regions. In particular, awareness and knowledge factors have a greater influence on purchasing behavior in northern regions. These findings suggest that enhancing consumer awareness of organic rice and providing more purchasing channels could contribute to increasing organic rice consumption.     

Dysfunctional Customer Behavior Severity: An Empirical Examination

Although many studies assume that customers monotonically act in both a functional and a good-mannered way during exchange, considerable anecdotal evidence suggests that customers routinely behave negatively and often disrupt otherwise functional encounters. However, to date, rigorous empirical evidence of this phenomenon is lacking. This study synthesizes extant literature from a broad range of areas and advances two alternative conceptions of the factors associated with dysfunctional customer behavior severity. That is, after controlling for a variety of factors, the authors suggest that psychological obstructionism, disaffection with service, and servicescape variables are significantly associated with the severity of deliberate dysfunctional customer acts. The results provide insights for researchers interested in the darker side of service dynamics and generate useful implications for services practitioners charged with reducing the severity and the frequency of episodes of deviant customer behavior.     

An Empirical Analysis of Consumers' Attitudes Towards Physician Advertising

This study revealed that both older and younger consumers generally favour physician advertising, although relatively few wished to see more advertising by physicians. Also, it was found that lower-income consumers thought that physician advertising would be useful to inform potential patients about services and specialties while lower-educated consumers were more receptive to and more likely to believe physician advertisements.     

The Social Commitment of Brazilian Managers: The Concept,a Scale,and an Empirical Study of Corporate Social Responsibility

The purpose of this study is to analyze the attitudes of Brazilian managers toward Corporate Social Responsibility, defined as their willingness to simultaneously meet the economic, legal, and ethical commitments that bind business companies to society. A Managers' Social Commitment Index (SCI) is proposed and a new scale is presented and confirmed as a reliable research instrument in a field study involving 252 Brazilian business managers. Results revealed that managers prioritize economic commitment, even though as they get older and more experienced they tend to sacrifice this commitment to comply with the law. Women showed greater willingness to integrate ethical interests in management decision making, revealing a higher degree of social commitment.     

Understanding Parental Beliefs and Attitudes about Children's Sexual Behavior: Insights from Parental Style

Parental style theory is used to explore how parents differ with regard to parental roles, attitudes, and perceptions about the consequences of teens engaging in sex. Findings from a survey of 150 parents indicate that parental style influences parents’ attitudes and beliefs concerning teen sex. Also, since parents do not have confidence about conveying sex‐related information to children, an opportunity may exist for empowering parents on how to discuss these topics with them. Such empowerment may be accomplished by provision of information to parents through health organizations and the government on how to engage in such conversations with children.