日本反倾销政策及其特点探析

日本是世界上最早实施反倾销制度的国家之一，其反倾销政策具有自身的特点。同时，在美国和欧盟等发达国家或地区纷纷采用反倾销手段保护本国产业、国际反倾销摩擦愈演愈烈的大背景下，同为发达国家的日本却很少发起反倾销调查。本文从日本反倾销政策的基本内容出发，考察了日本反倾销政策及其实践的特点，并分析了形成这些特点的相关原因。     

墨西哥反倾销政策及其特点探析

本文从墨西哥的反倾销管理体制出发,分析了墨西哥反倾销政策的主要内容,进而考察了墨西哥反倾销政策及其实践的特点及原因。     

入世后我国企业应利用反倾销武器保护自身利益

入世后 ,我国取得了平等竞争的外部环境。我们在履行承诺的同时 ,要拿起反倾销的武器来勇敢地保护自身的利益。要培养一批反倾销的队伍 ;尽快树立法律维权意识 ;增加我国外贸政策的透明度 ,促使一些国家修改对我国反倾销政策。     

倾销的经济学和法学研究

在国际经济加速一体化的当今世界，反倾销已成了各国保护本国工业、规避世界贸易组织贸易保护条款的一大利器。本文从经济学和法学的角度，研究了倾销的认定和倾销的成因，倾销行为以及反倾销规则，从而对完善我国的反倾销立法以及企业的反倾诉讼具有现实的指导意义。     

反倾销政策与研发竞争

借助异质产品的Bertrand双寡头模型,本文分析了一国反倾销政策对该国企业和外国企业的研发、产品价格及社会福利的影响。研究结论表明:与自由贸易相比,当产品的差异度较小时,受反倾销政策保护的企业会策略性地利用反倾销政策而退出国外市场,减少研发投入,进而提高产品价格,而遭受反倾销政策约束的外国企业由于其研发投入的边际收入增加,因而会增加研发投入,降低产品价格。此外,反倾销政策的存在还有可能促进各国社会福利的提升。     

倾销与反倾销的经济学分析

本文从经济学的角度对倾销和反倾销进行了分析，认为倾销并非都是不公平贸易行为，有些情况下是一种商业策略。各国制定反倾销措施时，应认真考虑其成本和收益，慎重使用反倾销政策。滥用反倾销措施会成为新的贸易保护主义壁垒，降低进口国和全世界的福利。     

反倾销涉诉产品成本核算的研究

应对国际反倾销与倾销需要有一个会计举证的诉讼支持，这就需要建立反倾销会计，而反倾销产品成本的核算在会计举证中尤为重要。本文就反倾销涉诉产品成本的构成、成本核算的基础以及核算过程中应注意的问题加以探讨，为我国企业反倾销迅速应诉提供有利的会计证据。     

中国企业：直面反倾销

２００１年对于向美国出口的中国钢铁产品来说，是一个不容乐观的新世纪之初。元旦前后，美国国际贸易委员会宣布，初步裁定我国宝钢、鞍钢、武钢、安钢、本钢以及莱钢等六家钢铁公司生产的热轧钢为“对美倾销”。 据ＷＴＯ 倾销委员会统计，１９８９年到１９９９年间，针对中国产品的反倾销调查有２４７起，其中１５８起裁定为倾销成立，占世界总量的１５．３％；裁定率高达６４％，位居榜首。中国已成为反倾销政策的最大受害国。随着中国入世的到来，我国企业和欧美国家之间的倾销与反倾销矛盾将进一步激化，如何利用ＷＴＯ的有关法律武器…     

倾销与反倾销的分析及我国的对策思考

本文首先在分析倾销行为并对传统的倾销定义质疑的基础上，提出了修改ＷＴＯ《反倾销协议》中的倾销定义的建议。其次运用博弈模型分析了西方国家对华反倾销的特点和这些特点形成的主要原因：外国对华的歧视待遇。最后笔者主张通过切实贯彻“谁应诉，谁受益”的原则和设立反倾销基金等措施，建立促使企业应诉的激励机制：反倾销要把长远战略和现实选择紧密结合；在博弈中通过与进口商合作增大获胜可能等。     

我国面临的倾销与反倾销现状及应对措施

国外产品对我国的倾销以及针对我国产品的反倾销，给我国经济发展带来了严重的损害。目前我国对此越来越重视。本文说明了我国遭遇国外倾销及国外针对我国产品的反倾销的现状，较详细地分析了造成这种现状的主要原因，并针对性地提出了几点应对措施。     

WTO成立以来欧盟的对外反倾销及其对中国的启示

WTO成立以来,欧盟是世界上对国外进口产品使用反倾销手段最多的地区之一,而中国则成为欧盟发动反倾销的首要目标国,同时,贱金属及其制品又是欧盟对外反倾销的第一大目标产品。因此,WTO成立以来欧盟的对外反倾销具有不同于其他国家或地区的特点。本文从WTO成立以来欧盟对国外进口产品发起的反倾销调查和实施的反倾销措施两大方面,对欧盟对外反倾销实践作了实证分析,进而探讨了这一时期欧盟对外反倾销的特点及其成因,并相应提出了中国应对未来欧盟乃至全球对     

Trade Destruction and Trade Diversion: Evidence from China

Over the past three decades, we have seen a dramatic increase in the incidence of temporary trade barriers such as antidumping duties and countervailing duties. China has been at the receiving end of a large number of such measures. In this paper, we study how China's exports to its major trade partners have been affected when its major trade partners have used these measures either against China or against other countries. We find that Chinese exports to the country that imposed an antidumping duty decreased by approximately 35 percent. At the same time, an antidumping duty used by the importing country that was directed towards other countries but not against China led to an approximate 30‐percent increase in China's exports to the policy‐imposing country. These results remain robust across various specifications. Our findings have important policy implications. In particular, the magnitude of these effects highlights why it is important to curb the recent widespread use of these barriers.     

THE THIRD NOEL BUTLIN LECTURE: AUSTRALIAN EXCEPTIONALISM REVISITED

In the late-nineteenth century, Australia had one of the highest levels of income per capita in the world. Over the twentieth century, Australia's exceptional position declined as its high labour force participation rate and male-skewed gender ratio gradually aligned with other countries. A similar reversion occurred in the other important components underlying Australia's high productivity, such as work hours. As the structure of the economy shifted away from a reliance on agricultural and towards manufacturing, Australia's protective attitude and restrictive business practices may have exacerbated its loss in productivity. Considerable research remains to be carried out to confirm these views.     

反倾销引致对外直接投资及其根源探析

反倾销调查具有很强的行业针对性特征,基于此,为规避反倾销调查,相关企业直接在发起反倾销调查的国家里,用直接投资的方式来代替或补偿反倾销调查给本企业带来的损失。本文由此从多角度探讨了反倾销引致企业对外直接投资的理论、实践以及这一行为产生的根源。     

中国产业界所应了解的欧盟对华反倾销的不合理因素

欧盟对华反倾销是长期困扰中欧贸易健康发展的重要问题。饱受反倾销之苦的中国企业在面对欧盟反倾销的许多不公正的待遇时,经常是愤愤不平。但因为不熟知其法律和实践,对其司法问题的公正性缺少深入的研判,而错失许多可能的胜诉的机会。揭示欧盟反倾销法和对华反倾销实践的不公正性,提供对抗这些不公正因素的理由和依据,应该是当前反倾销研究的当务之急。本文的写作正是从这一基点出发,而对欧盟对华反倾销实践的不合理、不公正的问题所进行的揭示,作者期待通过该文的分析,有助于中国企业界了解欧盟对华反倾销法的实体和程序规定中的不合理因素,并根据每案的具体案情,进行有理有据的抗辩。这既是促使这些消极方面发生转变的积极的努力,也是中国企业维护自己尊严和利益、改变自己被动地位的重要的突破口。     

Unionization and European antidumping protection

In recent decades, the WTO has resulted in a worldwide reductionof tariffs and VERs. Instead a new type of trade policy hasemerged in the form of antidumping measures. In principle theiruse should be limited to instances of unfair foreign imports.However, even without unfair pricing, a foreign importer canfall within the scope of the European antidumping legislation.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the interaction betweenunionization and the likelihood, type and effects of antidumpingmeasures. We present a simple theoretical model which is wellembedded in EU legal practice, to show that the presence ofEuropean unions leads to an increase in both the likelihoodand the level of antidumping protection. In addition our resultsindicate that a cost asymmetry in the form of a unionized wagedifferential can alter the relative probability of a duty versusan undertaking. These effects depend on the intensity of productmarket competition. The paper concludes with some evidence fromEU antidumping cases between 1985-95.     

'LAYIN' LOW AND SAYIN' NUFFIN': AUSTRALIA'S POLICY TOWARDS BRITAIN'S SECOND BID TO JOIN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (1966–67)

This article examines the problems and challenges which confronted the Australian government in its response to Britain's second attempt to join the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1967. While an adequate body of literature exists on Australia's policy towards Britain's first application to the EEC (1961–63), the Australian government's response to the 1967 bid has been completely ignored by historians. This article, therefore, aims to make a historical contribution to the understanding of Australia's policy towards Britain's 'turn to Europe'.