回到“定分”经济学： 法律经济学对科斯定理的误读与澄清

科斯定理面世至今,不管是在经济学界还是法学界,均存在对该定理的诸多理论误读。从科斯一以贯之的理论逻辑出发,基于一般化的交易成本概念和比较制度分析进路,科斯定理的重点是科斯第二定理（或科斯定律）,即一种“经济的法律分析”。但基于新古典经济学的最优化思维,波斯纳错将科斯第一定理视作科斯定理的核心和重点,不仅将该定理内在的财富最大化视为法律（包括立法和司法）的应然目标,也将最优化模型视为法学研究的基本方法。这是一种将法律视为新古典经济学最优理论之新殖民地的“法律的经济分析”。该理论不仅与科斯经济学背道而驰,还导致了国内法学界在科斯定理上的误判和误用。基于此,我们应该回归科斯所提倡的一种基于比较制度分析的定分经济学。     

浅谈科斯第二定理的质疑

科斯第一定理概括为当交易成本为零时,无论产权在法律上如何安排,私人谈判都会导致资源的优化配置。但是在现实生活中由于信息的不对称,交易成本不可能无为零,当交易成本很高,足以阻止谈判时,有效的资源利用将取决于产权的安排,这就是所谓的科斯第二定理,虽然这些理论极大的推动法和法和经济的拓展,但是本身也存严重的缺陷。     

科斯定理表述与对我国经济体制改革的启示

科斯定理表述与对我国经济体制改革的启示张耀辉（一）“科斯定理”是由芝加哥大学著名教授、诺贝尔经济学奖获得者斯蒂格勒于１９６６年首次在总结科斯的１９６０年撰定的“社会成本问题”一文中提出来的。科斯所揭示的是在交易成本完全为零的条件下，经济效率与法律制度...     

浅谈科斯第一定理的质疑

科斯《企业性质》和《社会成本问题》的发表,交易成本概念首次被提出,掀起了新经济制度的浪潮,开辟了崭新的研究领域。科斯第一定理概括为当交易成本为零时,无论产权在法律上如何安排,私人谈判都会导致资源的优化配置,但是这个理论的也存在其不确定行,和不可靠性,文章就对此理论质疑方面进行分析。     

科斯产权理论的法学评析

科斯产权理论对交易成本与法律安排的关系进行了系统的阐述,实现了法学与经济分析学的结合,奠定了现代法经济学的基础,同时这也是法学研究方法论的一个飞跃.本文就试从法学角度来评析科斯的产权理论.     

中国经济“第二季”期待金融改革——九月财经金融热点观察

诺贝尔经济学奖得主、交易成本理论提出者罗纳德科斯的辞世。令中国经济学界唏嘘感叹．也让更多人进一步认识了这位经济学大师及其思想。科斯被认为是新制度经济学的创始人之一，他提出的理论对中国经济学界及其改革理论影响深远。     

威廉姆森交易成本决定因素理论评析

威廉姆森从人的因素、与特定交易有关的因素和交易的市场环境因素三个方面对交易成本决定因素的分析,将人与人的权利关系、人与人的相互冲突一面纳入到经济学框架中,从而在西方经济学中创立了一种新的范式.它大大推进了科斯创立的交易成本理论,对人们寻求降低交易成本的方法和计量交易成本具有极为重要的意义.当然,这一理论也存在过于强调人类行为中机会主义倾向的一面等不足.     

不能让西方产权理论误导我国国有企业产权改革

本文论述了什么是科斯定理,评介了美国学者、特别是斯蒂格利茨对科斯定理的批评;论述了什么是新制度经济学产权清晰论;评介了美国学者、特别是斯蒂格利茨对新制度经济学产权清晰论的批评;论述了我国国有企业改革不能让西方产权理论误导的理由,指出社会主义国有企业产权改革必须坚持以公有制为主体、多种经济成分共同发展的原则.     

科斯定理与中国经济变革

就促进经济改革和发展而言,科斯的经济理论对中国的意义可能远远大于西方国家。科斯认为,在产权明晰且交易费用为零时,初始的分配不影响经济效率。这被另一位诺贝尔经济学奖得主威廉姆森称为科斯定理。科斯定理实际上说明,因为真实世界里存在交易费用,所以不同的产权界定和分配对经济效率有重要影响。科斯定理来自对西方私人产权制度的洞察。     

科斯定理与中国经济变革

就促进经济改革和发展而言,科斯的经济理论对中国的意义可能远远大于西方国家。科斯认为,在产权明晰且交易费用为零时,初始的分配不影响经济效率。这被另一位诺贝尔经济学奖得主威廉姆森称为科斯定理。科斯定理实际上说明,因为真实世界里存在交易     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.