基于技术追赶的企业技术能力微观结构研究

在文献评述的基础上,界定了基于技术追赶的企业技术能力概念,剖析了企业技术能力微观结构。认为基于技术追赶的企业技术能力是指在致力于搜索、选择、获取、吸收和改进现有技术的过程中,有效地学习、积累和使用技术知识的能力。技术后进地区或国家的企业通过对技术知识的不断学习、积累和使用,企业技术能力沿着搜索、选择、获得、吸收、改进五阶段模式螺旋式上升。     

结构资本与技术能力:外部知识管理及知识距离的作用

识别网络结构资本对技术能力的影响是企业开放式创新的核心问题，现有研究对这种影响关系形成的内在机理还缺乏系统认识。通过有调节的中介模型，以企业样本数据实证发现：网络中心度、网络规模能提升外部知识获取和知识转移效率，网络多样性则只能正向影响外部知识获取。外部知识转移只能对技术创新能力产生正向作用，外部知识获取则与技术基础能力和创新能力是显著正向关系。知识距离对外部知识获取在网络中心度、网络规模与技术基础能力，网络多样性与技术基础能力、技术创新能力关系中的中介效应不起调节作用，但完全调节外部知识转移在网络中心度与技术创新能力、网络规模与技术创新能力关系中的中介效应。     

企业技术获取模式的内在联系

技术能力、知识整合以及技术学习是解析企业技术获取模式内在联系的重要维度。技术能力、知识整合、技术学习三个因子的演化形态及其相互作用方式,直接决定了关系基的形成和升级路径,进而反映了企业技术获取模式内在联系的一般规律。关系基由低级到高级的演化过程,实质上就是技术获取模式内在联系广度和深度不断增加的过程,据此探讨了广州广日电梯工业有限公司技术获取模式内在联系的动态演进过程。     

企业技术获取模式的内在联系——基于关系基的演化

技术能力、知识整合以及技术学习是解析企业技术获取模式内在联系的重要维度。技术能力、知识整合、技术学习三个因子的演化形态及其相互作用方式,直接决定了关系基的形成和升级路径,进而反映了企业技术获取模式内在联系的一般规律。关系基由低级到高级的演化过程,实质上就是技术获取模式内在联系广度和深度不断增加的过程,据此探讨了广州广日电梯工业有限公司技术获取模式内在联系的动态演进过程。     

企业技术能力对技术学习的影响机理——知识流动视角下

企业技术学习过程中,其现有的技术能力将会对学习的绩效产生重要影响,如何利用现有的技术能力基础来获取高效的学习技术是企业提升竞争优势的关键,这就需要研究技术能力对技术学习的影响机理.企业技术能力的本质是知识,并体现在要素和要素的联结上,而企业的技术学习就是知识转移的过程,因此企业的技术能力是通过影响知识流动进而作用于技术学习的.基于此,本文在知识流动的视角下以我国87家企业为对象进行实证分析,通过实证数据来分析和探讨企业技术能力对技术学习影响和作用的路径.研究结果表明:技术能力要素知识联结对技术学习产生的影响要高于技术能力要素知识存量对技术学习产生的影响,表明技术能力要素只有实现有效地融合和联结才有利于提高技术学习效率;技术能力通过知识流动对技术学习的影响更大,知识流动在技术能力影响技术学习过程中的中介效应显著.     

技术战略联盟中企业技术能力提高过程研究

本文根据技术所处阶段和企业技术能力强弱对比关系总结了各类技术战略联盟的特点,构建了技术战略联盟中企业技术能力提高的过程模式。研究表明,这一过程的核心在于有效地将合作企业的隐性知识整合到企业自身的技术中,并发挥自主创新能力,创造新的知识与合作企业的知识进行融合,从而进行新一轮学习。如此多次循环,企业通过不断学习,技术能力逐渐得到提升。     

技术标准化与知识管理关系研究：生命周期视角

结合技术标准化的动态生命周期过程，发挥技术标准化与知识管理的协同互动作用，对于提升企业技术标准化能力和增强企业核心竞争优势具有重要意义。提出知识管理金三角模式，从知识创新、知识竞争和知识扩散3个层面，揭示技术标准化与知识管理的协同关系作用机理，构建技术标准化与知识管理的关系模型，并以华为公司生命周期各阶段的演化进程为样本进行案例分析，检验理论推导。结果表明，技术标准化与知识管理相互依存、相互促进。以此为基础，建立技术标准化与知识管理保障机制，为企业参与市场竞争提出策略性建议。     

关于核心竞争步

一般来说，企业能否持续地发展，取决于企业有无核心竞争力。 我认为核心竞争力是别人所不具备的或者一时具备不了的独特的优势和能力，是企业的价值核心．是贯穿于组织中的DNA。核心竞争力包括硬件和软件两个部分。硬件包括产品、技术、知识、外部资源获取等能力，软件的包括核心价值观、使命、愿景等文化核心。[第一段]     

中国外资政策促进技术进步的有效性分析

本文在梳理中国外资政策促进技术进步基本状况的基础上,从吸引外资技术的政策环境、企业需求与引入技术的契合度、企业的技术学习和吸收能力以及自主创新能力四个方面分析了中国外资政策促进技术进步的影响因素,全面剖析了中国外资政策促进技术进步的效果,在鼓励交流合作、加强自主创新、优化区域结构、完善反垄断法和知识产权保护等方面提出了政策建议。     

中国高技术产业技术多元化对持续创新的影响研究

技术多元化是高技术产业持续创新的重要前提和基础，探讨其中的作用机理具有重要价值。在回顾相关理论的基础上，提出高技术产业技术多元化对持续创新的影响效应、外部技术获取与改造和技术多元化模式调节效应的基本假设，并利用中国高技术产业1998—2020年的面板数据进行实证检验。研究结果表明：①高技术产业技术多元化对持续创新（技术和产品）的促进作用具有门槛效应，存在“最优区间”；②外部技术获取与改造正向调节高技术产业技术多元化和持续创新的关系；③基于技术间知识关联和核心技术能力两个维度，可将高技术产业技术多元化划分为高关联-强核心、低关联-强核心、低关联-弱核心和高关联-弱核心四种模式；④不同模式的技术多元化对高技术产业持续创新的促进效应存在差异性，“高关联-强核心”型技术多元化更有利于技术持续创新提升，“低关联-强核心”型技术多元化则更有利于产品持续创新提升，“低关联-弱核心”型技术多元化对持续创新的促进效应最弱。     

Building Technological Capabilities In A Liberalising Developing Economy: Firm Strategies And Public Policy

As a consequence of economic reforms, the Indian manufacturing sector faces a variety of technology related challenges. It not only has to quickly develop world-class manufacturing capabilities, but also gear up to develop new products and processes. In this paper we analyse the technology strategies of six Indian firms in different product groups which are trying to build competitive manufacturing and technology capabilities. The linkages between corporate, technology, and manufacturing strategies are explored and the role of complementary assets is studied in order to identify patterns through which these firms are building capabilities of various kinds. Specifically, we evaluate the extent to which firms use supply chains to develop product and process technologies. Some links between public policy and firm level technological capabilities are also explored to identify a few key priorities in the current context     

Intra-Industry Gaps in Technology and Investments in Technological Capabilities: Firm-level evidence from Chile

This paper develops a theoretical framework to analyse intra-industry gaps in technology, and tests it with enterprise-level data from a developing country. Following neoclassical theory, the existence of inter-firm technological gaps is explained by factor market segmentation that determines different factor prices and therefore different firms' technological choices. However, intra-industry gaps in technology may also result from the nature of the process of technological development, and from the different level of investments in technological capabilities.The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 338 industrial enterprises from Chile, and shows that it is possible to define technological thresholds, characterised by significant shifts in technology, independently of factor market segmentation. The analysis focuses on five major sectors: food processing, textile and garments, woodworking, metalworking and paper. Firms with different levels of technological complexity coexist within the same industry, and differences in technology are discrete, with different clusters sharing similar characteristics within the same industry. These results also have important policy implications for industrial development, which are drawn in a final section.     

不同产业技术背景的制造企业知识产权能力发展策略——来自丝丽雅、二重和长虹的案例研究

采用多案例研究方法,讨论了分别处于纺织行业、重型装备制造行业、信息家电行业的丝丽雅、二重和长虹这三家制造企业在全球化竞争中的技术能力发展路径,以及利用知识产权获得竞争优势的机会,进而给出了不同产业技术背景下中国制造企业的知识产权能力发展策略。研究表明:有重点地选择特定技术和产品开展持续的研发,是作为"后来者"的我国制造企业发展创新能力、获得后来者优势的有效途径;"后来者"企业有机会利用知识产权赢得创新所得,但不同产业技术背景的企业的知识产权能力发展策略存在较大差异。     

论我国企业建立和提升高技术能力的途径

为了发展高技术产业，我国需要建立和提高强大的高技术能力。企业是其中的关键环节。本文研究我国企业建立和提升高技术能力的途径：选择正确的技术战略；获得公开的技术知识，开发暗含的企业特定的技术知识；强化技术生产者同用户、供应商、大学、科研机构之间的联系；正确选择技术来源。     

Globalization of technology: Network analysis of global patents and trademarks

This study explored how the structure of globalization of technology via intellectual property networks has changed longitudinally, and compares the structures of global trademarks and patents. It suggests that network analysis provides useful tools for describing recent trends in the globalization of technology. Network analyses describe which countries have higher technological capabilities, and also how countries are mutually connected for technological collaboration or transfer. In addition, network analysis confirmed that both the trademark and patent networks have become decentralized over time.     

Technological innovation strategy: how do technology life cycles change by technological area

Discussions on the patterns of technological innovation have significant implications in terms of the efficient distribution of national R&D resources and the establishment of corporate managerial strategies. This study is focused on calculating and analysing technology cycle time (TCT) by technological area based on patent data that can be used as easily accessible objective indicators for the purpose of modelling the patterns of technological innovation by period and technological area. The main technological areas handled by the study include medical science, vehicles, metallurgy, and computing. Of the patent data registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 1990 to 2014, International Patent Classification sub-class codes representing each technological area were selected to collect patent data, and to generate TCT statistics every five years. The TCT statistics generated is interpreted as the technological life cycle, to be used in modelling technological innovation patterns individualised by technology and period.     

Technology policies and strategies for developing countries: lessons from the Korean experience

Industrial developement is a process of acquiring technological capabilities in the course of continuous technological change. Korea has made phenomenal growth in accumulating technological capabilities in the past 30 years. Despite is current financial crisis, it has a strong technological base to expand the modern sectors efficiently. This paper presents two analytical frameworks-technology trajectory framework and technology policy/strategy framework-which may be used as tools to analyze technology policies and strategies in developing countries. It then discusses implications of the Korean experience for other developing countires.     

Productivity growth and catching up: a technology gap explanation

This paper seeks to explain why some countries have managed to catch up in terms of labor productivity over the period 1993–2007 in 76 countries. By integrating the technology gap research within the standard growth-accounting approach, we introduce a methodology which allows us to split total factor productivity (TFP) change into two components: conditional technical inefficiency and the magnitude of the technology gap. We find that labor productivity growth depends both on investment in fixed capital and TFP. Fast emerging economies exhibit patterns of growth based in particular on the reduction of the technology gap, confirming the role of investment in technological capabilities to spur productivity catch-up. Looking at change in the distribution of labor productivity, emerging countries managed to shift from low productivity toward a medium level of productivity thanks to technology accumulation. Less advanced countries cannot rely only on technology diffusion and learning by doing, policies for technological capabilities accumulation are necessary.