基于价值工程的汽车运输车辆选择多目标优化方法

提出应用价值工程选择汽车运输车辆的多目标优化方法。通过功能分析和分层次的模糊评判,建立车辆选择的功能系统和确定备选车辆的功能量值;最后通过功能评价,得出在给定环境下考虑多种因素影响的车辆的最佳选择方案,实现根据不同的约束条件对车辆选择进行的多目标优化。     

价值工程的农业机械评价分析与配套方案改进

提出了应用价值工程原理的农业机械评价分析与配套方案改进方法,并采用模糊综合评判,对农业机械选型与配套方案的功能进行量化处理,使机械的选择更科学、合理。     

基于价值工程的天然气管道项目山岭翻越设计方案比选

本文运用价值工程理论,对于天然气管道项目开展价值工程分析,通过调研访谈建设管理单位、设计单位、运维单位等,分析项目及主要分部分项工程的功能特点和功能评价,对不同方案的全寿命周期成本进行了估算.提出了基于价值工程理论的天然气项目设计方案的比选方法,并以具有典型特点的某天然气管道工程山岭翻/穿越工程进行案例分析,对各个方案进行全生命周期的评价优选.     

国际合作开发油田中价值工程体系评价新方法

价值工程通过对功能进行鉴别和评价来提高一种产品或服务的价值,并且以最低的总费用来提供必要功能,以达到必须的性能。但是,石油作为国家的战略物资,关系着国家的经济命脉,支撑着国家战略发展,现有的价值工程体系评价方法仅局限于对效益目标的评估,而传统的现金流法仅适用于方案的可行性评判,不能确定最大经济效益值,采用新的价值工程体系评价方法可以更好的确定不同的战略目标,提供不同的决策方案。     

价值工程在外墙保温材料选择中的应用

本文将价值工程原理引入到外墙保温材料的选择中,通过功能分析,构建功能系统图,运用价值工程中的评价方法进行分析计算,确定价值系数最高的方案,实现价值最大化。     

价值工程与节能门窗设计

从价值工程的基本概念入手，阐述了价值工程的理念、方法、特征以及运用价值工程进行节能门窗设计的必要性，并通过价值工程案例，按照价值工程的对象选择，功能系统分析，方案创新和评价，方案实施和反馈等主要工作环节，对节能门窗的功能和成本匹配进行定量分析，从而科学设计节能门窗。     

从对象选择想到功能评价

本文认为进行对象选择和功能评价的目的是选择.确定重点改进对象(包括重点改进领域或途径)。本文提出对象选择和功能评价的作用是既提高价值工程本身的效率,又减少或消除价值工程活动中的无效劳动和浪费。功能评价过程仅需功能定量和回归分析两个步骤,现有的功能系数法等一类方法可以屏弃。     

价值工程量化方法在工具产品开发中的应用

文章通过分析价值工程理论和方法在工具类产品开发中的应用,提出了一种基于客户需求的价值量化方法,从客户的角度对产品进行价值评估,进而指导新产品功能和价格的设定.     

基于价值工程的高速公路改扩建互通式立交设计方案评价

针对高速公路改扩建互通式立交设计方案的评价问题,文章采用了价值工程法选择最优设计方案。通过对设计方案进行功能性分析,在功能评价中引入AHP计算功能权重,降低权重确定的主观因素,从而提高方案评价的准确性。并对广州至清远高速公路新华互通设计方案进行了实证分析,研究结果表明该方法切实有效。     

价值工程与企业基本战略管理

价值工程(Value Engineering)作为一种系统化的管理技术,在一些企业的生产技术和管理活动中取得了相当显著的效果,受到学术界和企业界的高度重视.所谓价值工程,指的是通过集体智慧和有组织的活动对产品或服务进行功能分析,使目标以最低的总成本,可靠地实现产品或服务的必要功能,从而提高产品或服务的价值.事实上,价值工程不仅是一种管理技术,也是一种思想方法.价值工程主要思想是通过对选定研究对象的功能及费用分析,提高对象的价值.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。