食品安全风险监测信息化

随着我国经济的不断发展,人们的生活水平不断提高,人们对食品安全的关注程度也越来越高。在本文当中,笔者结合自己的实际工作经验,阐述了当前阶段我国的现状,并以此为基础分析了当前阶段我国食品安全风险检测信息化所存在的问题,并总结了相关的解决策略。     

食品安全:风险感知和消费者行为——基于江苏省消费者的调查分析

举国震惊的三聚氰胺污染婴幼儿奶粉的重大安全事故,再次警示中国食品存在安全隐患.在此背景下,本文以江苏城镇居民为研究对象,就消费者对食品安全问题的认知和信息需求与使用行为展开了调查.结果表明,消费者普遍意识到存在食品安全问题,因而需要更完整准确的食品质量安全信息,甚至是食品生产全过程的信息,以满足购买安全食品的需求,并且在选择食品时通过关注质量认证标识、价格和品牌,来规避食品安全风险.     

Consumer Risk Perceptions and Marketing Strategy: The Case of Genetically Modified Food

New technologies are hitting the marketplace every day. In trying to make sense of these new technologies, consumers perceive a series of risks and benefits of consumption and use those perceptions to form product judgments. One way for managers to mitigate organizational related risk is to understand how consumers perceive consumption‐related risk. To illustrate this point, the case of genetically modified (GM) food is examined and a series of focus groups is conducted in which participants examined different product labels that either framed the technology as a benefit gained or as a risk avoided. The results indicate that consumers do indeed form very different product evaluations based on how the new technology is framed, but these evaluations vary based on the level of the consumers’ preexisting knowledge. This study provides support for the contention that a better understanding of consumer risk perceptions is an important first step in developing marketing strategies for new technology‐oriented products.     

Food Recalls and Risk Perception: An Exploratory Case of the XL Foods and the Biggest Food Recall in Canadian History

The recall that plagued Canada’s XL Foods in 2012, tied to E. coli cases found in ground beef, was the largest food recall in Canadian history. As a result of the outbreak, 18 consumers allegedly became ill and XL Foods launched a voluntary recall of all packaged meats from the plant, and the plant underwent intense sanitation for weeks. This study aims to understand how the incident affected consumer confidence in the safety of ground beef. Unlike other food processors, XL Foods does not own and manage brands. XL Foods are sold under brands owned by food distributors and retailers in Canada and the United States. A survey was conducted months after the recall to assess long-term implications. Results suggest consumers still trust the safety of ground beef. Results of this research will also further foster understanding consequences of recalls for food marketing and its effects on consumer behavior.     

Social Corporatism and Capital Accumulation: The Fate of the Nordic Model

Recent research into weak productivity performance since the financial crisis has highlighted the importance of the gap between the most productive firms and the rest. While wage compression may only be one possible mechanism to promote the relative growth of productive firms, it does appear to be effective in promoting productivity growth in Nordic economies.     

出口食品农产品检验检疫风险管理系统中的风险要素处理机制研究

出口食品农产品检验检疫风险管理系统是为解决出口食品农产品风险高、检测项目多、出口成本大、通检速度慢等问题,有效促进食品农产品出口而研发的。该系统利用计算机网络技术,在对出口食品农产品风险要素充分识别的基础上,创造性地提出了风险要素处理机制,使检验检疫风险管理工作更具科学性、针对性、实时性。风险要素处理机制将风险要素分为危害因子、特殊因子和抽批因子,并在特定条件下实施转换。     

风险管理在食品检验中的应用

我国的食品工业正呈快速上升趋势,各种新资源食品在基因工程新技术的推动下,不断得到改进和应用。因此,我国的食品行业需出台新的食品安全检验与管理理念,对食品中可能存在的危害元素加以控制和检测,并采用适宜的风险评估和风险检验措施,将食品危害控制在最低水平,提升我国的食品安全水平。     

Moral and Instrumental Norms in Food Risk Communication

The major normative recommendations in the literature on food risk communication can be summarized in the form of seven practical principles for such communication: (1) Be honest and open. (2) Disclose incentives and conflicts of interest. (3) Take all available relevant knowledge into consideration. (4) When possible, quantify risks. (5) Describe and explain uncertainties. (6) Take all the public’s concerns into account. (7) Take the rights of individuals and groups seriously. We show that each of these proposed principles can be justified both in terms of more fundamental ethical principles and instrumentally in terms of the communicating agent’s self-interest. The mechanisms of this concordance of justifications are discussed. It is argued that the concordance is specific for areas such as food risks in which agents such as companies and public authorities are highly dependent on the public’s trust and confidence. The implications of these findings both for moral philosophy and for practical food risk communication are discussed.     

Europeanisation of Product Liability in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Preliminary Empirical Benchmark

This report draws primarily on a survey offering a tentative but empirical benchmark of the impact of strict-liability product liability law reforms in the Asia-Pacific Region. There has been a two-fold Europeanisation of product liability in this region. First, the reforms implemented in many jurisdictions during the last 15 years have usually been based on the 1985 EC Product Liability Directive. Secondly, moving beyond the “law in books,” the survey confirms other indications of considerable convergence in the “law in action.” This largely mirrors trends from Lovells’ baseline survey of European jurisdictions completed in 2002 for the European Commission. Similar effects associated with similar reforms include small but significant increases in claims, settlements, and reactions from companies. However, these tendencies are also affected by broader (arguably inter-related) factors such as shifts in consumer consciousness and media attention. Rather than the reforms directly, increased awareness of consumer rights and the media have been identified as being more influential to the increase in claims. These factors are also very important in generating more settlements. Conventional causes of action also continue to be invoked, and there is not much call for further reform. Thus, high levels of product liability litigation remain unique to the United States. However, growing case law in certain Asia-Pacific and European jurisdictions might be synthesised into “Strict Liability Product Liability Principles.” It also seems likely that the Asia-Pacific region will continue to follow more the EU in related areas such as consumer access to justice and product safety regulation, and such harmonization may accompany the proliferating Free Trade Agreements in the region.

Ethical Aspects in Nordic Business Mergers: The Case of Electro-Business

Postmerger integration is a highly challenging and demanding task. Its success depends not only on economic factors but also on the organisational members' feelings and their personal contribution to the new entity. Mergers are usually made for the sake of profitability in the first place, whereas less attention is paid to employees in such situations. This article describes various ethical observations made in our study on corporate mergers in the Nordic Electro-business industry. We examine how the organisational change was experienced by personnel, what kinds of ethical reflections surfaced in different phases of the process, and what conclusions might be drawn from them. The main focus is on the ethical meanings that emerged in our interviewees' stories spontaneously, without the topic of ethics having been separately brought up in the interview situation. The organisational members: we interviewed 35 electro-business employees who were either transferred from Vattenfall's contracting unit to the acquiring company or were already working there at the time of the merger. These persons were interviewed twice: first in 2001, the year of the initial merger, and again in 2005, 4 years from the start of the process and 1 year from the final ownership change. The merger process seemed to lead to decreased responsibility among the organisational members, which highlights the discrepancy between genuine ethical thinking and executive talk. Our study also revealed a dramatic shift in the moral attitudes of the managers who fell from power in the turmoil of organisational change. This moral dimension is evident in their sharply critical argumentation against the new operating model and new corporate management, as well as in their eventual indifference and non-commitment to the organisation. The ethical meanings of 'the good life' and a happy work community slowly disintegrated and were replaced by a longing for the earlier communality and sense of togetherness in their old organisation. This meant that 'the good life' would have to be sought elsewhere.     

The Social Reality of Depression: DTC Advertising of Antidepressants and Perceptions of the Prevalence and Lifetime Risk of Depression

This study is rooted in the research traditions of cultivation theory, construct accessibility, and availability heuristic. Based on a survey with 221 subjects, this study finds that familiarity with direct-to-consumer (DTC) print advertisements for antidepressant brands is associated with inflated perceptions of the prevalence and lifetime risk of depression. The study concludes that DTC advertising potentially has significant effects on perceptions of depression prevalence and risk. Interpersonal experiences with depression coupled with DTC advertising appear to significantly predict individuals’ perceived lifetime risk of depression. The study ultimately demonstrates that DTC advertising may play a role in constructing social reality of diseases and medicine. The findings strongly suggest that the social cognitive effects of DTC advertising are far-reaching, impacting pharmaceutical marketing strategy as well as presenting issues regarding public health and the business ethics of advertising drugs to consumers. Jin Seong Park is a doctoral student at the University of Florida in Gainesville. He earned his MA from Marquette University and BA from Korea University in Seoul, Korea. His research interests include health communication and DTC drug advertising, mood and heuristics in consumer information processing and judgments, and international advertising. Jean M. Grow is an assistant professor at Marquette University. She earned her PhD from University of Wisconsin-Madison and her BFA from the School of Art Institute of Chicago. Her scholarly work focuses on controversial advertising case studies. She has published extensively on Nike women's advertising, and her most recent scholarship focuses on DTC advertising of pharmaceuticals and public service announcements for Hepatitis C. In 2005, she coauthoured a book on creative strategy, Advertising Strategy: Creative Tactics from Outside/In (with T. Altstiel). Prior to joining the academy, she worked in the advertising industry with agencies such as DDB Needham, Foote Cone & Belding, J. Walter Thompson, and Leo Burnett.     

如何保证食品检验结果的准确性

当前,我国的食品安全问题时有发生,食品安全日渐受到人们的重视,食品检验结果的准确性关系到食品安全问题。该文主要分析影响食品检验结果准确性的因素,并提出保证食品检验结果准确度的方法。     

当前食品检验机构的风险与控制

随着新的《食品安全法》《食品生产许可管理办法》《食品生产许可审查细则》等标准的相继实施,食品检验机构也逐渐成为食品安全管理系统不可或缺的一部分,虽然当前形势对于食品检验机构呈现出良好现象,但仍存在多重风险,现针对所存在的风险进行分析,并提出相应的控制措施。     

食品中微生物危害的风险评估及预防措施研究

随着社会经济的快速发展,人们生活水平得到显著提升,在这样的背景环境下,加强食品安全检测,对食品中微生物危害的风险进行有效评估,成为当下食品安全必须考虑的一个重要议题。原有的食品风险评估过程中,存在一定的问题,这就需要进行有效的建模分析,对食品中微生物危害进行有效风险评估,并有针对性地找出解决措施,以保证食品安全,更好地满足人们的实际需要。     

粮食储藏过程中危险因素及安全防护措施

我国是一个农业大国,做好粮食储藏工作,结合现代先进的科学技术优化粮食储藏保管技术,可以为我国农业安全、稳定发展提供充分的保障,也可以为安全和社会稳定提供充分的保障。本文主要对粮食储藏过程中存在的危险因素进行分析,并探索出粮食储藏过程中的安全防护措施,保证粮食储藏过程中的安全。     

加强风险分析，关注食品安全

目前，由食品造成的安全隐患，已经成为全球性的问题，欧洲的疯牛病、二恶英、口蹄疫以及转基因产品可能产生的潜在危害，此起彼伏的食品污染事件，已经使全球谈“食”色变。前一段时间，毒大米、地沟油、死猪肉、瘦肉精污染等食品问题和食品中毒事……     

提高食品检验结果准确性的有效途径分析

本文结合笔者实践工作经验,主要对食品检验的内涵及方法,影响食品检验结果准确性的重要因素展开分析,并针对性地制定一些提高食品检验结果准确性的方法和路径,以期能够为食品安全工作提供一定的参考。     

The Nordic Model and Structural Change: Lessons from the Collapse of Saab Automobile AB

The case of Saab and Trollhättan shows one way that societies can harness the productive side of creative destruction while mitigating the harm it causes.