浅析企业货币资金内部控制

货币资金是单位资产的重要组成部分，是流动性最强、控制风险最高的资产，是企业生产和发展的基础，包括现金、银行存款及其他货币资金。本文阐述货币资金内部控制的相关内容，分析企业货币资金内部控制中存在的问题，提出相应的对策。     

浅谈如何加强货币资金的内部控制

货币资金是每个单位流动性最强、控制风险最高的资产．是单位生存与发展的基础。大多数贪污、诈骗、挪用公款等违法违纪的行为都与货币资金有关，因此，必须加强对单位货币资金的管理和控制，建立健全货币资金内部控制制度，确保货币资金的安全与完整、经营管理活动合法而有效。     

试析货币资金的内部控制

货币资金是企业流动性最强、控制风险最高的资产，是企业生存与发展的基础。大多数贪污、受贿、诈骗、挪用公款等违法乱纪行为都与货币资金有关。为了加强对单位货币资金的内部控制和管理，财政部颁布了《内部会计控制规范—货币资金（试行）》，以指导包括企业在内的各单位建立、健全货币资金内部控制制度，以确保企业货币资金的安全、完整，保证会计信息的真实、可靠和经营管理活动的合法性、效益性。本文拟联系企业当前的实际，对企业货币资金内部控制的问题作一探讨。一、 货币资金内部控制目标内部控制目标是企业管理当局建立、健全内…     

浅论加强企业货币资金内控建设

货币资金是单位流动性最强、控制风险最高的资产,是企业生产和发展的基础。目前,有较多企业的货币现金出现了被挪用、贪污等行为,表明企业货币现金的内部控制还没有得到应有的重视。本文阐述了货币资金内部控制的方法,分析了企业货币资金内部控制中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

浅论加强企业货币资金内控建设

货币资金是单位流动性最强、控制风险最高的资产,是企业生产和发展的基础。目前,有较多企业的货币现金出现了被挪用、贪污等行为,表明企业货币现金的内部控制还没有得到应有的重视。本文阐述了货币资金内部控制的方法,分析了企业货币资金内部控制中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

加强货币资金内部控制防范资金安全风险

货币资金(以下简称资金)是单位正常运转所必需的资产和流动性最强的资产,包括库存现金、银行存款和其他资金。企业的资金风险可分为三大类:安全风险、短缺风险、使用效率风险。目前人们关注较多的是资金安全风险,必须将内部控制作为防范资金安全风险的出发点。本文将围绕货币资金内部控制的建议等相关内容进行阐述。     

加强货币资金内部控制防范资金安全风险

货币资金(以下简称资金)是单位正常运转所必需的资产和流动性最强的资产,包括库存现金、银行存款和其他资金.企业的资金风险可分为三大类:安全风险、短缺风险、使用效率风险.目前人们关注较多的是资金安全风险,必须将内部控制作为防范资金安全风险的出发点.本文将围绕货币资金内部控制的建议等相关内容进行阐述.     

浅析建立企业货币资金内部控制的必要性

货币资金是单位内部流动性最强的资产,包括现金、银行存款及其他货币资金。加强对货币资金的内部控制和管理,强化内部会计控制制度建设,对各单位完成货币资金内部控制目标,防止舞弊行为的发生,实现     

事业单位实施货币资金控制的若干要点

随着我国改革开放的蓬勃发展,事业单位改革也逐步深入。执行《事业单位财务规则》以后,单位预算内外资金实行统一管理核算,各单位持有了数额不等的沉淀资金、临时闲置资金。少数财会人员利用工作之便,钻空子、谋私利犯了严重经济错误;有些单位低估市场经济风险,在融资活动中遭遇了很大损失。为此,如何处理好资金增值与保证资金安全、控制融资风险,已是摆在事业单位面前的新课题。本文就我校实施货币资金内部控制的某些方面作一些阐述。(一)配备人员,控制货币资金业务。事业单位货币资金内部控制,要从会计机构人员安排做起。有关货币资金业务…     

浅谈货币资金的内部控制和管理

货币资金是企业流动性最强,控制风险最高的资产,是企业进行生产经营活动必不可少的物质条件。内部控制是为了保障企业资产安全完整,提高资金周转速度和使用效益。然而在实际工作中,由于内部控制制度不健全、执行不到位而造成货币资金管理发生失误甚至被贪污或挪用的现象,所以,企业应加强对货币资金的管理,完善货币资金的内部控制,防范资金风险有其重要意义。     

An event study of institutions and currency crises

We use event study methodology to examine the behavior of seven institutional variables eighteen months prior to and after a currency crisis. Our data on institutions include bureaucratic quality, corruption, ethnic tensions, external conflict, internal conflict, government stability, and law and order over the period 1984-2002. Our country coverage includes forty industrial, emerging market, and developing economies for various regions of the world. The graphical event study shows that there are many instances where institutions are weaker in periods before and after a currency crisis than during tranquil periods. The evidence is most compelling for government stability, law and order, bureaucratic quality, and corruption. We also test for differences in the mean values of institutional variables in turbulent periods around a crisis event and tranquil, non-crisis periods. Results from our tests generally complement evidence from the event study.     

Corporate profitability and the global persistence of corruption

We examine the persistence of corporate corruption for a sample of privately-held firms from 12 Central and Eastern European countries from 2001 to 2015. Using publicly available information and stochastic frontier analysis, we create a proxy for corporate corruption based on a firm's internal inefficiency. We find that corruption enhances a firm's profitability. A channel analysis further reveals that inflating staff costs is the most common approach by which firms divert funds to finance corruption. In spite of corruption's negative effects on a country's economy, we conclude that it persists because of its ability to improve corporate profitability. We refer to this effect as the Corporate Advantage Hypothesis.     

Global Banks and Synthetic Funding: The Benefits of Foreign Relatives

This paper examines the effect of dislocations in foreign currency (FX) swap markets (“CIP deviations”) on bank lending. Using data from UK banks we show that when the cost of obtaining swap-based funds in a particular foreign currency increases, banks reduce the supply of cross-border credit in that currency. This effect is increasing in the degree of banks' reliance on swap-based FX funding. Access to foreign relatives matters as banks employ internal capital markets to shield their cross-border FX lending supply from the described channel. Partial substitution occurs from banks outside the UK not affected by changes in synthetic funding costs.     

内部控制缺陷整改后企业高管腐败程度降低了吗？——基于高管隐性和显性腐败双重视角的实证分析

以内部控制缺陷的动态整改为切入点,以2007-2017年上市公司为研究样本,实证检验内部控制缺陷发生整改和整改及时性对高管隐性和显性腐败的影响,并区分缺陷认定标准严格程度与缺陷异质性做了进一步分析。结果表明：相比未整改公司,整改公司的高管隐性腐败程度更低,但显性腐败程度短期内没有明显变化;整改所耗时间越长,隐性腐败程度增长越快,显性腐败的发生概率越高;仅在内部控制缺陷认定标准较为宽松以及存在公司层面内控缺陷的样本中,内控缺陷整改前后,高管腐败程度才有明显变化。     

Corruption,governance, and public pension funds

We examine the effects of state corruption as well as political and governance factors on U.S. public pension funds. We find that pension funds in states with more corruption have lower performance; a one standard deviation increase in corruption is associated with a decrease in annual returns of at least 14 basis points, and this relationship is robust to state-level and pension-level fixed effects. Pensions located in more corrupt jurisdictions also invest a larger fraction of their assets in equities. We find that having a new treasurer decreases the negative effects of corruption, suggesting that more frequent changes in administrations are beneficial in corrupt jurisdictions. Governance-related variables and political affiliation variables are by themselves not significantly related to pension returns, although these variables are associated with differences in asset allocation.     

Benefits from Asia-Pacific Mutual Fund Investments with Currency Hedging

This study presents empirical evidence on the efficiency and effectiveness of hedging U.S.-based international mutual funds with an Asia-Pacific investment objective. The case for active currency risk management is examined for a passive and a selective hedge, which is constructed with currency futures in the major currencies. Both static and dynamic hedging models are used to estimate the risk-minimizing hedge ratio. The results show that currency hedging improves the performance of internationally diversified mutual funds. Such hedging is beneficial even when based on prior optimal hedge ratios. Further, efficiency gains from hedging, as measured by the percent change in the Sharpe Index, are greatest under a selective portfolio strategy that is implemented with an optimal constant hedge ratio.     

Why do closed-end country funds trade at enormous premiums during currency crises?

We investigate the response of US traded country fund premiums to currency crises in related foreign (local) markets. Our analysis includes 25 currency crises over the past decade involving 18 funds investing in 12 emerging markets, and 7 funds investing in 6 developed markets. We find that fund premiums and the volatility of the premiums increase dramatically in response to a currency crisis, both for emerging and developed markets funds, and that these effects dissipate slowly over time. Our results show that country fund shares and net asset values (NAVs) have differential risk exposures and that these differences are exacerbated during a crisis. While the NAV returns show sensitivity to changes in the local market index, share returns are sensitive to changes in both local and world market indices. Therefore, in response to a currency crisis, when local stock markets decrease in value, fund NAVs react more strongly than their share prices which have a strong global component. We also show that the high premiums observed during currency crises are not due to the reluctance of investors to trade and realize losses.     

Internal capital networks as a source of MNC competitive advantage: Evidence from foreign subsidiary capital structure decisions

This paper documents multinational company (MNC) strategic advantages arising from its internal financial network. Using data from US multinational company affiliates in 62 countries, we show that MNC affiliates in countries with low credit availability, poor creditor protections, high political risks, and high inflation are found to bear high interest costs and multinational affiliate debt ratios are high in high tax countries. In addition, affiliates in countries with high (low) credit availability, a high (low) corruption index, low (high) political risks and high (low) currency depreciation are found to carry high external (parent) debt ratios. We also find that currency depreciation, credit availability, and location in common law countries are negatively associated with the use of parent (relative to external) debt. Thus, our findings suggest that affiliates substitute external debt with parent debt using internal capital markets to overcome weak external financial markets and institutional environments. This is important evidence of the strategic competitive advantage based on financial networks enjoyed by MNCs.     

广东县域经济发展的约束与突破

广东县域经济总体上相对滞后于浙江、江苏和山东,滞后的重要原因在于县域经济的集聚效应大于扩散效应,外源式经济模式发展到一定阶段后其示范效应小于挤出效应,县域经济内源式发展模式要受到外源式模式的冲击。发展广东县域经济,要突破资金动员瓶颈和产业结构调整乏力的制肘,制度创新是首要选择。     

日元套利交易的变化以及日元汇率的未来走势

文章回顾了2007年夏季以来国际货币期货交易市场上日元套利交易的变化特点,从货币利差;对冲基金交易损益点以及基金投资方式的变化等角度解释了影响日元头寸变化的原因,并就日元汇率的长期变动趋势进行了预测。