An analytical model for the formation of economic clusters

A simple spatial economy derived from microeconomic foundations is presented to gain insight into the formation of economic clusters. In this model, the formation of economic clusters is a consequence of the competition between economic forces that are consistent with atomistic agents maximizing their utility. An analytic approach is used to obtain the evolution of economic clusters. With this approach, the number of clusters which will grow can be predicted. These results are derived in the traditional one-dimensional geometry and extended to the more realistic two-dimensional landscape.     

Projection of input–output tables by means of mathematical programming based on the hypothesis of stable structural evolution

The high costs involved in the construction of input–output tables (IOTs) using survey methods, makes the development of mathematical projection techniques attractive. An adjustment and projection method of IOTs, based on mathematical programming techniques, is proposed here. The flexibility and ability to include information on elements and aggregates is one of this method's main advantages over alternative adjustment methods. Among the information included in the adjustment, the most relevant is related to the evolution hypothesis of the production structure under stable conditions. This leads to the inclusion of intervals for coefficients. A set of adjusted tables, consistent with their own internal structure, is obtained after an interactive and iterative process that reconciles all information sources. A projection of IOTs in Spain for the period 1995–1998 is undertaken to examine the accuracy of the method.     

Employee reactions to voice and choice in the workplace: the influence of culture

The present study investigated the effect of culture on a much-prescribed management practice, that of employee participation in decision making. A survey was conducted among employees from two countries culturally distinct in the dimensions of power distance and individualism, namely Canada and the Philippines. Given eight decision-making scenarios that varied in terms of whether voice and/or choice was given to the employee and in terms of the importance of the outcomes, the respondents were asked about their perceptions of fairness of the procedures and outcomes, satisfaction with the procedures and outcomes, and preference for the decision-making procedures. Results show a highly significant country decision-making mode outcome importance interaction effect, but not in the directions expected. Overall, the Philippine sample registered more positive reactions to participation in decision making, although the Philippines' higher rank in power distance and lower rank in individualism than Canada seem to indicate otherwise. The results, together with a previous study conducted in high power distance-low individualism Mexico, forcefully suggest that employee participation in decision making may be successfully transferred.     

传统产业集群企业区域价值链市场势力塑造路径

本文对传统产业集群企业如何塑造区域价值链(RVC)市场势力的路径和方法进行研究,以中国南珠产业集群企业为案例,归纳、总结出传统产业集群企业在RVC市场势力塑造过程中的企业家才能和战略定位、文化认同的具体特征,析取概念并建立了“企业家才能”和“文化认同”双重作用的RVC市场势力塑造和突破攻略的理论框架。研究发现,企业家才能通过战略定位实现对传统产业集群企业的RVC市场势力塑造,通过文化认同实现对市场的控制,而在此过程中技术和市场双重控制是常规手段。在数字化条件下,利用数字手段和社会资本,与全球市场建立联结也是传统产业集群企业的一大特色。“企业家才能”和“文化认同”策略是传统产业集群企业获取RVC市场势力并成功充当国际主导企业的关键因素,发展中国家的企业可立足以文化认同为基础的RVC市场势力塑造与传递机制来驱动价值链延伸。     

关于房地产的研究方法的缺陷与不足

根据我国房地产实践特点,把我国房地产学术研究方法归纳为四类:界定分类法、比较制度法、案例分析法以及系统性理论实证法,并指出各种方法应用的边界和范围。     

我国加工贸易脱贫之路

文章认为,加工贸易的快速增长促进了我国对外贸易迅速发展,国际经济地位迅速提高,但目前我国加工贸易仍处于国际产业价值链的低端,价值增值率和经济效益均处低下水平,处于"贫困化增长"状态,为此,应重新确定我国在国际分工中的地位,改变我国加工企业与外国品牌制造商的关系,延长国际产业链在中国的环节,调整加工贸易内部结构,促进加工贸易协调发展,抓住经济一体化的机遇,鼓励加工企业走出去,开展对外合作,并调整有关加工贸易的政策和监管制度,净化对外贸易环境,寻求我国加工贸易健康持续的发展道路。     

开展数学实验提高《复变函数与积分变换》课程教学质量

阐述了为加强大学数学教育过程中的实践性教学环节,注重大学生对数学知识应用能力的培养,在《复变函数与积分变换》课程中开展数学实验教学的必要性;着重探讨了我们在《复变函数与积分变换》课程数学实验教学中正在进行的教学方法、教学内容和课程考核等方面的改革。     

Using life cycle approaches to enhance the value of corporate environmental disclosures

As the focus of environmental policy and management shifts from cleaner production at the process level towards greener products as a whole, stakeholders ask for transparency throughout the entire value chain. This article assesses the comprehensiveness and the value of currently reported quantitative environmental disclosures of 97 listed companies from the automotive, banking, pharmaceutical and electronic hardware sectors. Findings indicate that quantitative environmental disclosures have many limitations, including incompleteness and inconsistency regarding corporate activities and sites, and limited internal data coherence. For many sectors, corporate disclosures only cover a very small share of the total environmental burden of products. A stepwise procedure is proposed to verify and improve the quality and completeness of reporting using life cycle approaches. We present simple data quality tests, and we introduce the concept of the environmental influence matrix, which provides a solid basis for the identification and prioritization of key performance indicators and areas of action. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

战略联盟到战略网络的演化分析

随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,战略联盟已经成为企业间合作的主要形式。然而,任何一种组织为了生存和发展必须不断适应环境的改变,因此,战略联盟的演化逐渐成为研究的焦点。文章通过战略联盟与战略网络的比较,基于企业熵理论,分析战略联盟向战略网络演化的途径,找到战略联盟向战略网络演化的关键点——核心企业的形成。     

On domain modelling of the service system with its application to enterprise information systems

Information systems are a kind of service systems and they are throughout every element of a modern industrial and business system, much like blood in our body. Types of information systems are heterogeneous because of extreme uncertainty in changes in modern industrial and business systems. To effectively manage information systems, modelling of the work domain (or domain) of information systems is necessary. In this paper, a domain modelling framework for the service system is proposed and its application to the enterprise information system is outlined. The framework is defined based on application of a general domain modelling tool called function-context-behaviour-principle-state-structure (FCBPSS). The FCBPSS is based on a set of core concepts, namely: function, context, behaviour, principle, state and structure and system decomposition. Different from many other applications of FCBPSS in systems engineering, the FCBPSS is applied to both infrastructure and substance systems, which is novel and effective to modelling of service systems including enterprise information systems. It is to be noted that domain modelling of systems (e.g. enterprise information systems) is a key to integration of heterogeneous systems and to coping with unanticipated situations facing to systems.     

廊道叙事:关于整合水体资源发展水上休闲游的策略探索

本文通过运用跨学科的理论与方法,对制约整合长三角河道湖泊资源发展水上休闲的主要成因进行了分析诊断,并借鉴英国案例的成功经验,探索区域水上休闲旅游资源整合的有效路径与策略;论文阐述了以"廊道"叙事模式来连接现有水上旅游的文化与自然资源的景点;并以长三角核心区域为例提出相应的措施,为长三角今后一段时期内的水上休闲产业发展建设提供明确的运作策略。这将对长三角区域水上休闲业资源的合理开发利用、地域文化遗产的深度保护性开发、历史场所的文化认同建构具有推动作用。此外,对于当今我国其他区域的水上休闲旅游一体化发展具有示范作用。     

Operational models for epidemics of problematic drug use: the Mover-Stayer approach to heterogeneity

A modified version of a susceptibles-infectives-removed (S-I-R) model for the HIV/AIDS epidemic, proposed at the beginning of the 1990s and recently generalized, is presented to mirror the epidemics of problematic drug use. The generalized model, which belongs to the susceptibles-infectives-susceptibles (S-I-S) class of epidemic models, can be used both to estimate interesting epidemic macro-parameters and to make scenario analyses. The model is a compartmental Mover-Stayer-type structure (Soc. Methods Res. 11 (1983) 345; Bull. Narcotics LIII (1-2) (2001) 39; Biometrics 55(4) (1999) 1252; Math. Biosci. 107 (1991) 521) and allows taking into account possible heterogeneous behaviours of the susceptibles. Such models, in fact, consider the susceptible population as subdivided into two main groups: the group of stayers, that is, the group of individuals who are considered not at risk of “infection”, and the group of movers (possibly divided into sub-groups with different risk behaviour) who are at risk of infection. Due to the interactions between infectious individuals and the susceptibles, some of these may pass to the drug user compartments and begin a “drug user career”. The model is presented and studied from a qualitative point of view using a Markov hybrid approximation. Some qualitative evaluation of the possible impact of interventions directed both towards susceptibles (primary prevention) and towards users (secondary prevention and/or law enforcement) are presented. Specific “what if” scenario analyses are obtained by simulation. Possible future developments are outlined.     

首都经济圈城市化质量测度

引进阿特金森模型,构建了首都经济圈城市化发展质量的分要素测度模型和分段测度模型,对首都经济圈城市化发展质量的阶段性特征、空间分异特征、分类特征、协调性特征做了总体评价。研究发现,2009年首都经济圈处于城市化发展质量优化和提升阶段;首都经济圈城市化发展质量在空间上呈现出中部京津唐地区最高,南部石家庄、邯郸地区次之,北部张承地区及保定、衡水地区最低的态势;京津地区经济、社会城市化发展质量高于河北省的11个地级市,而空间城市化保障质量相对河北省各地级市较弱;北京市、天津市为城市化质量滞后型区域,环首都经济圈的承德市、廊坊市、保定市、沧州市为城市化速度滞后型区域,其余地市为城市化协调型区域。     

韩国广播电视传媒的广告监察管理机制的发展史

从一波又一波侵袭的"韩潮"中,中国媒体以及广告人们领教了韩国电视传媒的发达,而韩国电视广告针对受众的"精准制导",使得韩国产品广告能够直抵受众心灵,顷刻激发购买欲望。而对光鲜华丽外衣下的韩国电视广告有着怎样的监察管理机制,我国的受众却是知之甚少。韩国能拥有如此繁荣而巨大的电视广告事业,其背后一定存在着一套结构合理,运行有序,规章严密的庞大审查机制,能够支撑其有条不紊地运行。     

Measuring the impact of the approach to migration in the quality of web service interfaces

There is a good consensus on the strategic value of service-oriented architecture (SOA) as a way of structuring systems, and a common trend is to migrate legacy applications that use outdated technologies and architectures to SOA. We study the effects in the resulting Web Service interfaces of applying two traditional migration approaches combined with common ways of building services, namely, direct migration with code-first and indirect migration with contract-first. The migrated system was a 35-year-old COBOL system of a government agency that serves several millions of users. In addition, we provide a deep explanation of the trade-offs involved in following either combinations. Results confirm that the ‘fast and cheap’ approach to move into SOA, which is commonplace in the industry, may deliver poor service interfaces, and interface quality is also subject to the tools supporting the migration process.     

Integrating decomposition approaches for the analysis of temporal changes in economic structure: an application to Chicago's economy from 1980 to 2000

This paper presents an attempt to integrate two flow decomposition methods to analyse temporal changes in a region's economic structure. The two methods of structural analysis are push–pull decomposition analysis and structural Q-analysis. Push–pull analysis presents a quasi-optimization decomposition of a set of matrices with actual intersectoral economic flows into a weighted set of matrices, while structural Q-analysis provides a form in which the structure of these decomposed flows can be considered. The paper provides an expository application to Chicago's economic structure over the period of 1980 to 2000, to reveal a complementary perspective of hollowing-out the production process in the Chicago economy that was identified in previous studies.     

Contributions of HRM throughout the stages of environmental management: methodological triangulation applied to companies in Brazil

The purpose of this research is to analyze the contribution of human resources management throughout the evolutionary stages of environmental management in Brazilian companies. A theoretical framework concerning environmental management and its evolution and the ‘greening’ of the functional and competitive dimensions of human resource management were developed. A methodological triangulation was developed in two complimentary phases. In the first phase, data were collected from 94 Brazilian companies with ISO 14001 certification. The data collected were analyzed and processed using statistical techniques. The conclusions of the first phase supported the second phase of this empirical research. The second phase consisted of a study of multiple cases in four Brazilian companies. The results show evidence of the first known empirical study of contributions of human resource dimensions throughout the stages of environmental management in Brazilian manufacturing companies.     

贝尔凹陷霍12区块南屯组一段沉积体系特征及演化规律研究

应用沉积学的理论和方法,通过岩性描述、测井和地震资料的分析,对贝尔凹陷霍12区块南屯组一段沉积体系的类型、特征进行分析。结果表明,南屯组一段发育的沉积体系主要有扇三角洲和湖泊相。研究贝尔凹陷霍12区块沉积体系,对预测油藏分布具有重要意义。     

“Waiting for Life to Arrive”: A history of the regression-discontinuity design in Psychology,Statistics and Economics

This paper reviews the history of the regression discontinuity design in three academic disciplines. It describes the design's birth and subsequent demise in Psychology even though most problems with it had been solved there. It further describes the scant interest shown in the design by scholars formally trained in Statistics, and the design's poor reception in Economics from 1972 until about 1995, when its profile and acceptance changed. Reasons are given for this checkered history that is characterized as waiting for life to arrive.