我国存贷款利率管制的利弊分析及其对策

我国正在积极推进利率市场化改革，但目前对存款利率上限和贷款利率下限仍实施严格的管制。本文对目前存贷款利率管制的影响进行了分析，认为存贷款利率管制创造的“租金机会”为国有商业银行改革创造了宽松的外部环境，有利于金融稳定，但也存在严重的效率损失。随着国有商业银行股份制改造的完成，存贷款利率管制也会逐步取消。     

出其不意的央行货币政策

2006年8月18日，央行出其不意地上调了金融机构人民币存贷款基准利率。金融机构一年期存贷款基准利率上调0．27个百分点，其他各档次存贷款基准利率也相应调整，长期利率上调幅度大于短期利率上调幅度。同时，也规定对个人消费信贷利率有所优惠。     

试论利率连续下调后我国商业银行的利率风险及其防范

从1996年至今,中国人民银行已连续七次下调存贷款利率.利率的调整对我国商业银行的经营产生了不利影响,使商业银行面临着利率风险.本文对我国商业银行利率风险的表现、成因进行了分析.指出在管制利率条件下,我国商业银行面临的利率风险表现出与西方商业银行利率风险不同的特性,即更多地表现出制度性风险.文章最后提出了我国商业银行利率风险的防范对策.     

Macaulay久期模型及其局限性分析

自金融危机以来,各国央行纷纷下调存贷款利率以刺激经济,久期缺口技术是度量利率波动对商业银行净值影响的重要工具之一,文章介绍了Macaulay久期模型及其基本性质并分析了其隐含的4个主要假设,这些假设条件限制了其作为利率风险管理工具的可用性和精确性.     

戴相龙透露:两三年后不同银行存款利息将不同

中国人民银行行长戴相龙近日在国务院新闻办举行的中外记者招待会上透露 ,我国将逐步完成利率市场化的改革 ,在不远的将来 ,银行存贷款利率将根据市场的变化由各商业银行自主决定。据了解 ,改革的步骤是 ,先放开外汇利率 ,后放开人民币利率 ;先放开贷款利率 ,后放开存款利率 ;先放开农村地区的存贷款利率 ,再放开城市地区存贷款利率。戴相龙透露 ,近期 ,央行将扩大大额存单的利率波动幅度 ,个人存贷款利率最终也将放开。他表示 ,央行将利用二三年时间 ,使利率市场化改革取得突破性进展。这将意味着若干年后 ,老百姓在不同的时间、不同的银行…     

商业银行利率风险压力测试实证分析——以中国建设银行为例

尽管存贷款方面仍有基准利率,但利率"双轨"合一仍然是我国利率市场化改革的方向。在这一背景下,受市场风险因子的多变性和不确定性影响,当前商业银行正面临利率风险管理的巨大挑战。压力测试作为传统风险管理技术的有效补充,正逐渐被商业银行广泛应用。文章利用中国建设银行的相关资产负债数据,应用利率敏感性缺口模型进行利率风险实证研究,在此基础上对商业银行的利率风险管理提出了相关建议。     

国有商业银行利率市场化的风险分析

利率市场化是指各商业银行根据市场资金的供求变化来自主调节存贷款利率。利率市场化的最终目标是：建立以中央银行利率为基础，以货币市场利率为中介，由市场供求决定金融机构存贷款利率的市场利率体系和利率形成机制。2000年8月央行推出了“先外币，后本币；先存款，后贷款；先农村，后城市；先大额，后小额”的利率市场化改革决定，     

我国目前不宜大幅度提高存贷款利率

近年来,理论界不少同志都主张大幅度提高存贷款利率水平,实施正利率政策。即利率与物价联动——存款利率跟踪物价指数,贷款利率再跟踪存款利率,以此来达到控制通货膨胀的目的。对这一主张我们是不敢苟同的。我们认为,利率问题涉及面广,调整利率对经济的影响,要远远高于调整部分商品价格的影响。因此,调整存贷款利率必须慎重其事,认真比较利弊得失,顾及现实经济活动所能提供的客观可能条件,考虑企业的承受力以及对财政、对物价的影响,还应考虑历史沿袭下来的利率水平,实行平滑的转变,以实现经济的持续稳定发展。根据以上原则,我国目前条件下是不宜大幅度提高存贷款利率、实施正利率政策的。     

一周新闻

1央行再加息上调0.25个百分点4月5日晚间,中国人民银行宣布,自2011年4月6日起上调金融机构人民币存贷款基准利率。其中,金融机构一年期存贷款基准利率分别上调0.25个百分点,其他各档次存贷款基准利率及个人住房公积金贷款利率相应调整。调整后,一年期存款利率达到3.25%,一年期贷款利率达到     

基于Shibor的我国货币政策传导机制有效性实证研究

文章利用2006~2014年相关的经济金融季度数据,建立VAR模型对我国货币政策利率传导途径的运作机制和传导效果进行实证研究。结果认为:在我国存贷款利率尚未完全市场化的前提下,Shibor是很好的货币政策指标,有望成为我国的基准利率。Shibor与CPI存在长期均衡关系,并且存在双向的因果关系,市场化的利率可以有效稳定物价。     

The Indonesian macroeconomy and the yield curve: A dynamic latent factor approach

We develop a fine representation of the term structure of interest rates in Indonesia and create a link between the yield curve and macroeconomic fundamentals. We construct a state-space representation of the yield curve as a function of three time-varying parameters: level, slope, and curvature factors. The model is then expanded to include three macroeconomic variables: real activity, inflation, and interest rates. We find that the dynamic latent factor model provides a very good fit to characterise the Indonesian yield curve in terms of the statistical properties for each maturity, and in terms of the properties of three latent yield-curve factors. With regards to the relationship to the macroeconomy, we find that there is a large amount of idiosyncratic variation in the yield curve movements. Therefore, macroeconomic variables can only explain small dynamics in the yield curve.     

The Yield Curve as a Predictor and Emerging Economies

This paper tests whether the slope of the yield curve in emerging economies predicts inflation and growth. It also investigates whether the USA and euro area curves help to predict. It finds that the yield curve in emerging economies contains information for future inflation and growth, with differences across countries being seemingly linked to market liquidity. The US and euro area yield curves are also found to contain information for future inflation and growth in emerging economies. In particular, for those economies with exchange rates pegged to the US dollar, the US yield curve is often a better predictor than the domestic curves and causes their movements. This suggests that monetary policy changes in the USA are drivers of international financial linkages through base interest pass-through and the low end of the yield curve.     

A Note on the (Continued) Ability of the Yield Curve to Forecast Economic Downturns in South Africa

In 2002‐2003, the South African yield spread falsely signalled a downswing that never materialised. This paper provides two reasons for this false signal. First, while the Reserve Bank never actually officially declared the start of a downswing, by alternative measures a downswing did actually occur. It is this severe weakness in economic activity at that time that the yield curve pointed to. Second, short‐term interest rates in 2003 were higher than they should have been because of a mistake made in measuring consumer price inflation. Because South Africa had recently introduced an inflation‐targeting regime, policy interest rates were, as a result of this error, kept too high for too long. This policy mistake was rectified as soon as the error in the Consumer Price Index was discovered. Thus, the yield curve in 2003 pointed to the reality that short‐term interest rates were too high and risked pushing the economy into full blown recession. This is demonstrated by the fact that it was a fall in long bond interest rates that caused the yield spread to turn negative, indicating expectations that short‐term interest rates would need to be cut – as indeed they were.     

Prepayment behaviors of Japanese residential mortgages

We investigate full prepayments of Japanese residential mortgages during a ten-year period from 1996 to 2005. This investigation is important because the amount of mortgages outstanding in Japan is huge, yet the study on their prepayments is very limited. This period from 1996 to 2005 was characterized by two distinct features of the evolution of interest rates that might have significant effects on mortgage refinancing. First, interest rate fluctuations were limited to a narrow range of a little over 1%. Surprisingly, full prepayments of Japanese mortgages were sensitive to small changes in interest rates. Second, long-term refinance rates did not fall well below the contract rates of most mortgages in our sample during the ten-year period, while short-term refinance rates did. With this interest rate relationship, if mortgagors ever refinanced, it was likely that they rolled over short-term mortgage rates several times until they repaid mortgages completely. Hence, we examine the sensitivity of full prepayments to short-term vs. long-term interest rates, mortgagors’ expectation of future course of interest rates (by the slope of yield curve), and that of interest rate volatility. Our analysis shows that short-term interest rates have a slightly greater explanatory power for full prepayments than long-term interest rates. In addition, our analysis confirms that full prepayments are sensitive to both the slope of yield curve and interest rate volatility. Other issues we look into are the patterns of full prepayments in relation to loan age and seasonality. We find that the pattern of full prepayments relative to loan age is comparable to that of mortgages in the U.S., and that the seasonal pattern of full prepayments is attributable to relevant institutional arrangements in Japan.     

存款保险公司建构的理论探析——基于法律金融学的分析视角

存款保险公司是存款保险制度的实际执行机构,其组建是否恰当直接影响存款保险计划能否得以实现。由于存款保险体制的不同,存款保险公司有着不同的设置模式,并且不论在何种模式下存款保险公司都会受到多种消极因素的干扰,因此有必要寻求优化的设计方案。并且,探讨存款保险公司建构的法律需求有利于公司运行与治理的法治化。     

The Categorization of Small Open Economies and the Response to Foreign Interest Rate Shocks: Based on Financial Integration and Net External Credit

To analyze precisely effects of foreign interest rate hike shocks, this paper categorizes small open economies into four kinds of types based on the net external credit (or debt) level and the financial integration level. The empirical result shows that responses of macroeconomic variables tend to differ substantially depending on the type of a small open economy. These findings imply that we need to consider the net external credit (or debt) level and the financial integration level of a small open economy when we predict the effect of a foreign interest rate hike shock.     

The term structure of interest rates in Japan: the predictability of economic activity

This paper examines whether the yield spread between long- and short-term interest rates contains information about future economic activity in Japan, and whether the nature of this relationship changes with time. The results firstly indicate a break point in the relationship between interest rates and economic activity. The yield spread is then split into two factors: expected future changes in short rates, and the term premium. Analysis is made concerning which of these factors contains information about future economic activity. The results indicate that the first factor contains information over time, even though the term premium has changed.     

Some Reflections on U.S. Treaty Commitments

Abstract

The world oil price has risen significantly since the late 1990s and reached a record high in 2008. The recent oil price hike raises concerns regarding the possible negative effects of the rising oil price on the economy as in the 1970s. We investigate the effects of the oil price hike on the Korean economy using a Bayesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DGSE) model. We explicitly model the small open economy nature of the Korean economy and its oil usage and estimate the constructed model within a unified Bayesian framework. We also examine possible changes in the effects of world oil shocks on the Korean economy using counterfactual simulations. We find the adverse effects of world oil shocks as well as their importance in Korean business cycles have diminished due to reductions in the relative usage of crude oil in the economy, while world oil shocks themselves have changed relatively little over time.     

存款负利率的成因及对策

文章对当前实际存款利率为负的现象进行了解释和分析。首先,揭示了负利率对居民收入分配、社会资源配置和经济发展方式等方面的不利影响;其次,从国际和国内双重经济环境出发,分析了当前和今后一段时间内央行维持负利率的原因;最后,从利用二次分配手段、扶持中小企业发展和掌控好人民币汇率的波动幅度三个方面,提出了在不加息条件下解决负利率问题的三种政策措施。