The Term Structure of Interest Rates in a Small Open Economy: A Stochastic Analysis

This article employs a rational expectations IS-LM model with price adjustment to study the effect of domestic monetary and fiscal policy and world interest rate disturbances on the real and nominal small open economy term structure of interest rates. The impact of both temporary and permanent shocks are investigated. Notable results include the fact that monetary expansions lead to positive yield curves, while the implications of fiscal expansions and increases in the world interest rate depend crucially on the duration of the shock.     

Contagion and Crises Clusters: Toward a Regional Warning System?

This paper studies the spatial heterogeneity of the relationship between contagious currency crises and their determinants using a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) framework. This novel method enables a vector of local parameter estimates to be estimated for each country of the data set, according to its nearest neighbours. The approach makes it possible to derive locally-specific models, thereby improving standard prevention schemes and assessments for international financial assistance. Our findings suggest that economic attributes and imbalances of neighbouring countries can be introduced into country-specific warning systems. JEL no. F31, C31     

支持货币政策的利率期限结构模型

无论从国际还是国内来看,支持货币政策的利率期限结构研究意义重大;对于该问题的近期研究工作主要集中于从利率期限结构中剖析支持货币政策的信息、以及探究货币政策对利率期限结构的影响这两方面,也就是研究利率期限结构作为货币政策信息指示器和传导机制的功能;其中还存在许多重要问题有待于进一步研究。     

美欧债务危机与日中经济前景

美国长年来累积了大量的国际贸易赤字和财政赤字,只好增印美钞和增发国债,造成美钞贬值和国债的信用度被下调,最后引发了债务危机。美国的债务危机又导致欧盟债务危机的进一步恶化。美欧债务危机,又牵累了日本和中国。日本投资的亏损和日元猛涨,进一步冲击了原已十分萧条的日本经济。中国大量购买美欧等国的国债,获得了较高利润但风险也很大。中国今后经济的成长率趋于下滑,其经济发展前景将会越来越严峻。     

Purchasing Power Parity during Currency Crises: A Panel Unit Root Test under Structural Breaks

We investigate the stationarity of real exchange rates using a panel of Asian and South and Latin American countries by applying a new panel unit root test that is robust to structural breaks due to currency crises. It turns out that the long-run PPP relationship is relevant for the Asian countries, which experienced a flexible exchange rate, whereas for the South and Latin American countries, for which the exchange rate has been pegged to the U.S. dollar for a long time, the PPP relationship breaks down. In Asian countries PPP appears to hold before the 1997 crisis, which is not the case for the South and Latin American countries. This suggests that the Asian flu corresponds to a second-generation type of crises, whereas the 1995 Mexican tequila fits the first-generation models better. JEL no. C13, C33, E41     

含跳跃过程单因子利率模型的估计——基于中国国债回购利率的实证分析

在CKLS模型的基础上,我们提出了一个加入跳跃过程的单因子利率期限结构模型。通过对我国国债回购利率的实证检验,发现加入跳跃过程后,模型不但能更好地拟合实际数据．而且揭示了利率均值回复和水平效应的部分原因,从而增强了模型的解释能力。     

我国货币流通速度的协整和误差校正模型

基于协整和误差校正模型对货币流通速度的实证分析表明,我国M1流通速度与收入、通货膨胀率和货币化变量之间存在长期稳定的协整关系,M2流通速度与收入、价格指数、货币化变量和储蓄率之间存在长期稳定的协整关系,所有符号符合理论预期。M1流通速度的短期动态函数的稳定性比M2的要差一些。这表明目前我国以货币供应量作为货币政策的中介目标是可行的,且应主要以M2为货币政策的中介目标,同时不忽视对M1的监测。     

Currency Areas and Equilibrium

The standard approach to optimum currency areas clashes with both modern monetary theory and empirical evidence. The present paper sets forth an equilibrium hypothesis that views the national border as the analogue of a policy measure impinging on agents' optimizing behavior.     

货币虚拟化内涵及其实践动因

货币是人类经济活动的产物,它是固定的充当媒介人类交易关系的一般等价物形态,表征了人类经济活动的类意义。货币虚拟化是各种虚拟活动从思想、技术、社会关系等维度对货币的运行理念、技术方法和组织形式在使用和运行中不断创化、结合和发展,进而不断形成货币虚拟创新的动态过程。货币虚拟化是适应社会、经济发展和科技进步的产物,它的产生有着强烈的现实背景和动因。     

美国债务结构、“国际货币”地位及其未来潜质

美国因公共债务率和财政赤字过高等问题,第一次丧失了"AAA"长期主权债务评级。虽然与欧债危机相比,美国债务风险相对有限,但美国作为全球第一大经济体,美元作为国际货币,其债务经济发展模式是否可持续对全球金融的影响更加深远。中美两国经济已高度相互依赖,美国债务危机的解决路径与成效,会直接影响到我国经济与金融走势。     

港元联系汇率制度可持续性研究

随着世界经济环境的变化,中国经济逐渐崛起,美国经济开始趋弱,欧盟经济逐渐提升;美元贬值、人民币升值压力加大,香港的联系汇率制度面临着新的挑战和冲击。本文就是在此背景下,通过定性分析和计量(Johansen协整检验)实证研究,得出香港联系汇率制度需要改革,港元最终与人民币统一的前期,钉住包括美元、欧元、人民币等一篮子货币是一个很好的选择,香港现在正处于改革汇率制度的良好时机。     

Fear of Floating Needn't Imply Fixed Rates: An OCA Approach to the Operation of Stable Intermediate Currency Regimes

The criteria of the theory of optimum currency areas suggest that many countries are not good candidates for either of the poles of genuinely fixed exchange rates or freely floating exchange rates. Thus, many countries should have an interest in intermediate exchange rate regimes. However, in a world of substantial capital mobility most forms of intermediate exchange rate regimes have proven to be highly crisis prone. This essay argues that the unholy trinity paradigm doesn't imply that intermediate exchange rate regimes are inherently unstable, but rather that exchange rate and monetary policies need to be jointly determined. The difficulties of maintaining such consistency are as much political as economic since temporarily pegged or managed rates create a time inconsistency problem. It is argued that OCA theory provides the framework for determining the appropriate weights and limits on the amount of sterilized intervention to maintain the consistency between exchange rate and monetary policies necessary to avoid currency crises. The paper also considers a number of the issues involved in integrating this approach with the literature on open economy aspects of inflation targeting.     

Banking Sector Fragility and the Transmission of Currency Crises

We assess whether, complementary to trade and financial linkages, banking sector fragility helps explain the transmission of currency crises. We attempt to strike a balance between the precision of measurement of banking sector fragility on the one hand and its consistent measurement across various crisis episodes on the other. We find that while the role of trade and financial linkages is robust over time, the independent role of banking sector fragility is rather weak and unstable across crisis episodes. Consequently it is difficult to extrapolate observed banking fragility transmission channels from one crisis to another. As a corollary we cannot conclude that during future crisis episodes economies characterized by fragile banking sectors are more prone to crisis transmission.     

人民币汇率货币篮子的动态结构变化研究

文章通过研究人民币与其篮子货币之间的尾部相依关系,分析了人民币与其一篮子货币之间的波动溢出效应,探讨了新汇改后人民币汇率货币篮子的动态结构变化。基于规则藤Copula模型分析发现,欧元在新汇改后处于波动溢出效应的中心地位,且与人民币之间的相依程度最大,应该在人民币汇率货币篮子中占较大权重,而美元所占权重应该有所降低,英镑是在特别提款权货币篮子中所占人民币汇率货币篮子权重最小的货币。文章采用实际有效汇率数据,基于滚动窗口方法分析了人民币与其篮子货币之间动态变化的相依结构。研究表明,人民币汇率货币篮子中的货币所占权重呈现出动态变化的特点。文章还认为,发达国家的货币权重应该逐渐下调,而新兴经济体的货币权重则应该逐渐上调。     

我国货币政策的导向

货币政策是一国最重要的宏观调控手段之一。为了应对国际金融危机,近两年来我国采取了一揽子经济刺激计划,实施了积极的财政政策和货币政策。但随着大量信贷资金投入到经济建设中,通胀预期日趋明显。适时调整货币政策,保持国民经济平稳运行,是我国当前实施合理货币政策调控经济运行的明智手段。     

Asymmetric Effect of Currency Union for Developing Countries

The large effect of currency union on trade volume has been well documented by Rose (2000). However, the effect of currency union on trade balance has hardly been previously reported. In this study, the effect of currency union is found to differ substantially across imports and exports when a developing country trade with developed country that anchors the currency. To ensure that the asymmetric effect does not come from the specific nature of countries that have adopted a common currency or endogeneity of currency union, we test the same hypothesis using nominal exchange rate volatility and real exchange rate level.