FDA 2007年批准新药

过去的一年是新药创制贫乏的一年,根据FDA公布的药品注册数据显示,2007年通过该机构批准上市的新分子实体（new molecular entities,NEMs）仅有17个,如果加上CDER批准的2个生物制品（soliris and mircera）。     

弱爆炸波吹灰技术在锅炉尾部吹灰中的应用

介绍弱爆炸波吹灰工作原理及构成,结合实际使用进行分析,对电站燃煤和燃油机组锅炉燃用易沾污受热面煤种除灰效果良好。     

FDA Regulation of Product Risk and Its Impact Upon Young Biomedical Firms

Data gathered on 62 products from 26 biomedical firms founded in Massachusetts between 1968 and 1975 show a positive relationship between the level of technological sophistication of a firm's products and the risk associated with the use of those products. Oscar Hauptman and Edward Roberts report the results of their study of the impact of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's approval process on these firms' resources and time. They found that young firms dealing with medical devices and pharmaceuticals were more sensitive to this regulatory process than those producing medical auxiliary products. Enactment of the 1976 FDA regulations amendment affecting medical devices apparently created a precarious environment for the marketing of new products. The amendment was found to have significant impact beyond its target product area, medical devices and supplies. It also challenged the management of firms producing drugs and Pharmaceuticals.     

氮气与发泡剂联合防火技术在综放工作面的应用

综放工作面的煤层自燃是制约安全生产的主要因素。本文针对兴阜煤矿2312综采工作面的实际情况,提出了氮气与发泡剂联合使用的防火技术,介绍了防治自然发火的作用机理。现场实际应用表明,氮气与发泡剂联合防火技术降低了煤炭自燃发火的危险性,具有良好的预防自燃发火效果。     

Overlap of US FDA residue tests and pesticides used on imported vegetables: Empirical findings and policy recommendations

In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registers pesticides and sets crop-specific tolerances while the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforces EPA regulations by testing plant-based foods for pesticide residues. Pesticide treatment histories are almost always unknown, especially on imported produce, posing an empirical question: to what extent do FDA’s residue testing methods used on imported produce correspond to the pesticides used on the crops? In this article I show that FDA residue testing would have missed residues of the majority of pesticides used on two crops exported to the US from Costa Rica in 2003, suggesting that FDA residue testing on imported produce is inadequate in its coverage. Policy recommendations discussed include better communication of US tolerances to exporters around the world; increased testing for pesticides, especially fungicides, that are currently not part of FDA’s regular testing procedures; and the creation of price floors and fair trade relationships in the transnational vegetable market to support farmers’ attempts to comply.     

Net neutrality and innovation at the core and at the edge

How would abandoning Internet net neutrality affect content providers that have different sizes? We model an Internet broadband provider that can offer a different quality of service (priority) to heterogeneous content providers. Internet users can potentially access all content, although they browse and click ads with different probabilities. Net neutrality regulation effectively protects innovation done at the edge by small content providers. Prioritization, instead, increases both infrastructure core investment and welfare only if it sufficiently stimulates innovation from the large content provider.     

Collusion at the extensive margin

We augment the multi-market collusion model of Bernheim and Whinston (1990) by allowing for firm entry into, and exit from, individual markets. We show that this gives rise to a new mechanism by which a cartel can sustain a collusive agreement: Collusion at the extensive margin whereby firms collude by avoiding entry into each other's markets or territories. We characterise parameter values that sustain this type of collusion and identify the assumptions where this collusion is more likely to hold than its intensive margin counterpart. Specifically, it is demonstrated that where duopoly competition is fierce collusion at the extensive margin is always sustainable. Finally, we provide a theoretic foundation for the use of a “proportional response” enforcement mechanism.     

岁末行业盘点 安心过个年吧

2002年的中国石油化工行业,被称为拉动中国产业经济快速增长的原动力.这是众所周知的.而不为外人所知的是石油化工行业内部的兼并与重组,联合与拆分格外活跃.     

安心过个年吧

２００２年的中国石油化工行业，被称为拉动中国产业经济快速增长的原动力。这是众所周知的。而不为外人所知的是石油化工行业内部的兼并与重组，联合与拆分格外活跃。经过一年的活跃，年底的行业总成绩虽然还没出来，但今年大家都能过个好年是肯定的了。在石油化工行业的兼并与重组、联合与拆分中，中石化、中石油、中化这些大集团往往是兼并和联合的主体。而四川美丰等发展态势良好或北京东方化工厂等债务沉重但设备精良的企业，则成为了被兼并与联合的对象。这些在市场经济体制下的重新组合，充分表征了中国企业经营的彻底市场化。我们可…     

Current Economic Issues at the FTC

This paper provides a summary of recent economic issues ofparticular interest in the Bureau of Economics (``BE') of the FTC. Further developmentof empirical analyses suitable for antitrust investigations is currently of particularinterest to BE. This paper outlines several areas where BE has focused in the past yearincluding: (1) Unilateral effects; (2) coordinated interaction; (3) mergerretrospectives; (4) natural experiments; (5) price discrimination; (6) intellectual property; (7) healthcare;and (8) energy. For each area, we discuss the issues under consideration, the work thatis being done, and what additional research would be useful.     

Economics at the Federal Communications Commission

This article reviews several issues confronted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) over the past year and discusses some of the economic analysis employed by the FCC in examining these issues. The article also identifies areas in which future academic research would be valuable to the agency.Thanks are due to Heather Dixon, David Fiske, Evan Kwerel, Jonathan Levy, and Larry White (the editor) for useful comments. The opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the FCC, its staff, or commissioners.     

Gender Sorting at the Application Interface

We document gender sorting of candidates into gender‐typed jobs at the point of initial application to a company. At this step of the hiring process, the firm has implemented a policy whereby organizational screeners’ discretion has been eliminated such that there is no opportunity for contact between hiring agents and applicants. Thus, the job choices studied here offer unique insight as they are uncontaminated by screeners’ steering of candidates toward gender‐typed jobs. Even in the absence of steering, we find clear patterns of gendered job choices that line up with gender stereotypes of job roles. Moreover, these gendered patterns recur both within individuals and within race groups. Comparing our findings to the pattern of job sorting in the external local labor market, we find that supply‐side factors do not fully account for the levels job sex segregation observed in the open labor market. Although probably not the entire story, we show clear evidence that supply‐side sorting processes are important factors contributing to job sex segregation.     

Performance Stable at the Beginning of 2011

Textile industry this year will face more pressure Q1 Textile Industry’s Performance Conference was unveiled by China National Textile & Apparel Council on May 13.Since the beginning of 2011,the standard for defin ing large-scale enterprises was raised from the annual income of 5 million yuan of main business to the annual income of 20 million yuan of main business, according to the latest news.     

营销深处是文化

全球著名的实战派营销策划大师米尔顿·科特勒先生2004年1月12日在西安香格里拉金花饭店,代表美国科特勒营销集团与第二届中国(西安)国际营销节主承办方———陕西德源营销策划有限责任公司总经理查仲一签约。本刊记者就市场竞争策略等问题独家专访科特勒先生时,他说,在中国作预言是非常困难的,因为中国前进的步伐实在太快了,任何一个提前准备好的演讲内容随时都可能落后。在美国预言一个发展趋势和潮流,可能在10年后才能发生,在中国预言这样的趋势可能在3个月后就发生了。     

Performance Stable at the Beginning of 2010

Performance Stable at the Beginning of 2010 2010 is a crucial year as China strives to maintain rapid economic growth while reforming its growth model. The global situation will improve this year     

Predicting organizational identification at the CEO level

To develop further insight into antecedents of the CEO's psychological orientation toward the firm, we investigate what might lead CEOs to identify with their firms. Although research suggests that CEO organizational identification can be quite consequential for the firm, little research attention has been paid to its determinants. To predict how the special context of the CEO position might lead to identification, we consider a set of motives that members have for identifying with their organizations and consider how unique features of the CEO position might be relevant to those motives. Our theory and supportive findings help explain how the context of the CEO position, including variables often conceptualized as control mechanisms in agency theory research, can have important effects on subsequent CEO organizational identification. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.