共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Christopher Heady 《Economics of Planning》1998,31(2-3):195-212
The paper considers the way in which the system of local government finance in China affects the design of local industrial policy. It starts by using recently collected data from selected cities to demonstrate the importance of indirect taxes for financing local services. It then presents a theoretical model which shows how the financing system can lead local governments to distort local industrial structure. Finally, it uses this model to consider whether the 1994 tax reforms can be expected to reduce these distortions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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公租房小区有三个特征:一是租房者和买房者的混居;二是政府在公租房小区有着相当比重的经济利益;三是居民都是社会的收入中下阶层。公租房小区要避免变成贫民窟,其关键之一是中下阶层的居民能够也愿意参与到小区的治理中来。在此基础上,公租房小区的治理应该强调以小区居民代表为主体组成小区管理委员会,居民代表由居民大会选举产生,买房者的投票权高于租房者,政府代表拥有一定比例的投票权。 相似文献
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This paper reconsiders equilibrium existence in models with migration and voting over local public goods. We show that under some straightforward assumptions on preferences and income distributions, the basic structure of multicommunity models (i.e., perfect mobility, majority rule, single crossing property) implies that no equilibrium with jurisdictions conducting different policies can exist. Stratification equilibria—with sorting of the population according to income classes—are therefore not as natural as is sometimes suggested. Mechanisms that can serve to support stratification (i.e., tight housing markets, returns to scale in the provision of publicly consumed goods) are discussed. 相似文献
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Most HRM research over recent decades has concentrated on ‘change’, charting ever more fragmented, individualised and unitarist employment relationships. This is equally true of public sector HRM, where the emphasis has been on neo‐liberalism and marketisation. However, in many countries and sectors, collective, pluralist approaches to HRM and industrial relations have proved remarkably resilient. This article uses Neo‐Institutional theory to explain the ‘continuity’ of one such HRM system: national collective bargaining in English local government (1979–2007). We argue that this survives because it manages the political and managerial processes that link central government and central–local relations and acts as a conduit between institutional stakeholders to deliver services to the public. By understanding the ‘passive consensus’ that holds the collectivist HRM system together, we can anticipate the forces that might pull it apart. 相似文献
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The Best Value regime, which is being introduced in the UK from April 2000, is rooted in the ‘new public management’ paradigm but also seeks to move beyond it. Like compulsory competitive tendering (CCT) which preceded it, the Best Value framework stresses the role of markets and performance management systems in the provision of public services. However, it appears to offer more scope for local flexibility, and has therefore enjoyed a much higher level of support among local policy makers. There is though evidence that many in local government have not yet grasped the scale of the improvements in local services that ministers are expecting, and the extent to which this will require changes in existing structures and processes. The result is likely to be an increasingly differentiated pattern of service provision and, in an era of ‘evidence policy making’, researchers are likely to be called upon to develop methodologies which allow evaluation of the alternative models of service provision that begin to emerge. 相似文献
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John A. Brierley Hussein M. El‐Nafabi David R. Gwilliam 《International Journal of Auditing》2001,5(1):73-87
This paper uses interview and direct observation research methods to explain the failure to establish internal audit in the Sudanese public sector. The specific problems highlighted in this paper of low salary levels, low levels of staff training and expertise, low esteem and motivation of staff are seen in the context of a very limited technological infrastructure, and a lack of co‐operation and co‐ordination between the various parties responsible for internal audit in the public sector. Internal audit in the Sudan takes place against a background of economic stagnation and political instability, and within a culture in which corrupt and irregular practice is endemic and institutionalized at all levels of society. In such circumstances and without the political will to strengthen its potential and practice it is likely that internal audit will continue to be marginalized in the foreseeable future. 相似文献
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This study presents evidence on public innovation from the perspectives of politicians and public managers. Environmental antecedents are analysed with regard to their impact on innovation adoption. Data are drawn from a survey of over 600 mayors and managers in Austrian local government. Results show that they identify the same innovation types but indicate different antecedents of innovation adoption. Findings for managers are broadly in line with results from larger jurisdictions. Since there are crucial dissimilarities in the factors explaining the adoption of innovation, we suggest that politicians and managers both be included in future studies of local government innovation. 相似文献
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政策生态学是公共政策研究的有力工具。地方政府的政策生态环境复杂多变。因此,从生态学的基本观点出发,对地方政府公共政策的运行进行生态学视角分析,深入研究影响地方政府政策运行的外部生态因素和内部生态因素,从而构建一个和谐的政策生态体系。 相似文献
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比较了我国封闭式小区与西方私有社区之间的异同,研究了我国小区的制度结构、主要影响因素和潜在的问题。指出我国小区和西方私有社区有着同样的制度结构,体现了物业所有者和集体品提供者的整合,两者的差别主要表现在我国小区多采用防卫性设施,小区的规约偏重于物业管理,对住房隔离的影响不大,小区面临许多公共约束等方面。最后探讨了造成这些差别的原因,并进一步讨论了我国小区潜在的问题和可能的解决对策。 相似文献
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历经30多年的渐进式经济体制改革后,我国公共产品的供给主体呈现了多元化的趋势。由于政治体制改革与经济体制改革不同步,国家审计边界在制度上依然被定位于公共财政,这与不断发展创新的审计实践形成了许多内在的矛盾。为适应公共产品供给主体的多元化,国家审计边界应进行适当拓展,由现在的公共财政拓展为公共产品,与国家审计的公共受托责任及国家审计\"免疫系统\"功能相协调,以提高政府效率和社会管理水平、降低市场交易费用、建设服务型政府、促进社会主体间的利益和谐、实现国家善治。 相似文献
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Hikaru Ogawa 《Economics of Governance》2001,2(2):159-172
This study deals with an analysis of allocation of government authority between local and central governments. Using a relatively
simple model, we examine three classes of issues: First, what type of public project is implemented under a (de)centralized
system? Second, is the size of governments (or public projects) larger or smaller when the system is (de)centralized? Third,
should the system be (de)centralized? Which level of government should be allocated an authority? The most interesting result
of the analysis is that the optimal allocation of authority varies with the cost differential between local and central government
in a non-monotonic way. 相似文献
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Giuseppe Grossi 《Public Management Review》2013,15(5):597-617
Abstract During the last few years, the local government sector in European countries has undergone a number of important changes. Among the various reform initiatives has been the externalization of public services, such as corporatization, contracting-out, public–private partnerships and privatization. The key goal of this article is to describe and explain the evolution of local public services provision in the two selected countries, with a particular focus on ‘corporatization’. The article seeks to draw a picture of the actual municipal landscape with the administrative core and its various corporations. Furthermore, it will discuss the reasons for corporatization trends and their impact on the corporate governance structures of municipalities in Germany and Italy. 相似文献
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William L. Swann 《Public Management Review》2017,19(4):542-565
Empirical analyses testing the impacts of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) remain lacking in public sector research despite strong normative expectations for public managers to foster a culture of innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, and accountability in their organizations. Drawing data from a nationwide survey of the US local governments, this research uses structural equation modelling to examine relationships between EO, organizational integration processes, and performance in the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) programme. The study finds that EO positively influences programme performance, but does so indirectly by enhancing knowledge sharing, interorganizational collaboration, and performance information use. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed. 相似文献
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Mary K. Feeney 《Public Management Review》2013,15(6):815-833
Abstract US local governments are under increasing pressure to adopt electronic participation technologies to engage stakeholders in decision-making. The choice set of technologies and the ease with which they can be applied, has potentially increased the complexity of the context within which managers operate. Using data from a national survey of 850 government managers in 500 cities, we investigate whether different channels of e-participation technology and the intensity of e-participation technology use are associated with managers' perceptions of outcomes. We find that the relationships between complexity of e-participation technology and perceived outcomes depend upon the type of external stakeholder group considered. 相似文献
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Isabella Proeller 《Public Management Review》2013,15(1):7-29
Abstract The article explores which reform trends are expected to play a significant role in the further development of local government in European countries. Analysis is based on an adopted Delphi survey of (mainly academic) local government experts from thirty-two countries. Results include a list of trends structured by the perceived importance for the coming ten years. Redistributing responsibilities and duties across levels of government constitute the highest ratings out of all trends. Furthermore, results do not provide clear evidence to support a shift from public management to governance as has recently been proclaimed in academic debate and literature. Management topics continue to be of great importance. Last but not least, clusters extracted point to different reform groups, which highlight more reluctant or enthusiastic attitudes to the relevance of the suggested trends of the study. 相似文献
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In this paper we explore the potential role of entrepreneurship in public sector organizations. At first, we present a review of the entrepreneurship theme in the political science and public management research streams, comparing these ideas with the mainstream business literature on entrepreneurship. Thereafter, we illustrate empirically how Stevenson's classical framework of entrepreneurship can be applied in a European local government context to explain the recent initiatives to compete for and utilize European Union structural funds. The empirical basis of the study is comprised of ten in-depth case studies of local government organizations, five in the UK and five in Italy. Finally, we propose five distinct types of entrepreneurial agents in the public sector: professional politician; spin-off creator; business entrepreneur in politics; career-driven public officer; and politically ambitious public officer. 相似文献
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Abstract The management of cities has to address new risks, insecurities and emergencies. In this article we analyse the management of the aftermath of two crises – a tornado that hit a part of Birmingham in the UK, and a fireworks explosion that hit a part of the city of Enschede in The Netherlands – in order to understand how local institutions and communities deal with (sudden) disorder and how they restore social order. We do not see this as ‘crisis management’, however, as the management of disorder and renewal will be related to the capacity of public management in everyday and orderly circumstances. Cities have to manage dispersed public and private acts, and these may be the sources of both problems and solutions in the face of disorder, depending on how they are inflected. We therefore wonder whether and how cities help constitute public spaces through which publics can be effectively engaged in the process of restoration and renewal. Managerial templates must be made meaningful not only after, but also before, emergencies. This can be done, the case studies show, by investing in local cultures, and by using ‘political’ intermediaries. 相似文献
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David M. Brasington 《Journal of urban economics》2001,50(3):385
Studies often show taxes and public services capitalized into house prices, but no one has tested whether the rate of capitalization depends on community size. The theoretical model of W. H. Hoyt (1999, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 29, 155–171), predicts that capitalization occurs, but that the rate of capitalization is weaker in large communities. Hoyt's model is tested empirically using a house price hedonic framework. The tax capitalization results are less clear, but the school quality and crime results firmly support the model's predictions. Using both school districts and municipalities to measure communities, larger communities weaken the rate of capitalization. 相似文献
20.
Sabine Kuhlmann 《Public Management Review》2013,15(5):573-596
Abstract The following article is aimed at analysing reforms in public service delivery and management at the local level of government in Germany and France from a cross-countries comparative perspective. Particular attention is paid to the results and effects these reform initiatives have caused with regard to the administrative organization, steering capacities, and output performance. Two major approaches of reform will be addressed: privatization, contracting-out, and ‘corporatization’ of local services on the one hand and public management reforms on the other. Proceeding from the distinct ‘starting conditions’ of reforms in the two local government systems, the question will be pursued, as to whether there has been an increasingly convergent or divergent development in French and German local service provision, and how these evolutions can be explained. 相似文献