论我国权证市场的发展及其引发的会计问题

本文在简要介绍权证的概念及其类型的基础上，提出我国必须发展权证市场以适应资本市场发展的需要，同时论述了发展权证市场所引发的会计问题，并围绕我国会计准则关于金融工具会计的相关规定，对权证的会计处理原则和方法进行了探讨。     

浅议我国当前权证创设制度

我国金融市场现已推出了权证产品,创新类券商可以通过创设来设计相关产品。而我国权证的推出是为了解决股权分置改革问题,由于此种原因及其短暂的发展历史,权证市场不可避免存在一些制度问题。结合我国实际,并通过对权证成熟市场经验的借鉴,本文从权证相关方面提出了进一步完善市场机制的建议。     

权证提高了标的股票的定价效率吗——基于我国股票市场实证研究

现阶段在我国,权证提高了标的股票的定价效率了吗?本文围绕这个问题,分析了权证上市后,标的股票的波动性是否减弱、杠杆效应是否消除、长期记忆性是否减轻和系统风险是否降低.通过TARCH模型和带虚拟变量的系统风险分析模型对上述4个方面进行了分析和探讨.不可否认的是.每只标的股票都有一定的特殊性.但是参数估计的结果有助于我们认识权证对标的股票定价效率的影响.而充分认识权证对标的股票的影响有利于股票和其他金融产品定价的合理化.有利于提高金融产品的定价效率,有利于金融创新,有利于我国资本市场的健康发展.基于这些重要的理论和现实意义,本文系统分析了我国的权证对标的股票定价效率的影响,尝试给出分析我国权证影响标的股票定价效率的研究框架和模型.     

关于权证创设的利益分析和制度比较

介绍权证创设的运作,分析权证创设中的各方利益,让读者对我国权证创设制度有一个全面概括的了解认识。探讨权证创设中存在的现象,并将我国权证创设制度与香港衍生权证增发规定进行对比,提出我国权证创设制度存在的不足及改进措施。     

权证投资应谨慎对待——访招商基金管理有限公司常务副总经理战龙

沪深交易所发布的《权证管理暂行办法》标志着权证这一创新产品的推出进入了实质性阶段。长江电力和宝钢公布的对价方案中均包含有权证条款。8月22日，宝钢权证在上海证券交易所挂牌上市。对于广大投资者来说，权证产品还是一种新鲜事物。投资者该不该投资权证，会有哪些风险？一旦权证对机构投资者放开，会不会造成机构对股价的操纵？带着这些疑问记者采访了招商基金管理有限公司常务副总经理战龙。     

香港权证市场发展给内地的启示

2005年8月宝钢权证在上海证券交易所挂牌上市,揭开了我国权证市场发展的新篇章。近年来,在我国股市发展取得不断进步的同时,上市公司和投资银行对权证的认知度日益提高,投资者对权证的熟悉度日益增进。目前,在我国建立一个有效的权证市场已经具备成熟的外部条件。本文分析了全球最发达权证市场——香港权证市场的概况及特点,以期为我国权证市场发展提供借鉴。     

权证对投资者投资偏好影响的实证研究

金融衍生产品的出现提高了证券市场信息传递的速度，知情交易者通过对衍生品的投资提高传递的效率。本文通过对我国权证市场和相应标的股票市场交易高频数据的研究，探讨知情交易者在权证市场出现后是否改变了投资的对象。实证结果表明，尽管有部分知情交易者投资了认购权证，但是并没有证据表明知情交易者偏好认沽权证。造成这一结果的原因可能是权证制度自身的缺陷。     

权证产品创新的路径选择与风险控制

2005年股权分置改革以来,股改方案中陆续出现了认购权证、认沽权证及蝶式权证的对价方案,权证也从公司权证发展到备兑权证,中国权证产品创新路径既遵循着国际惯例,又符合中国资本市场的实际环境.权证产品创新的风险控制问题,包涵法律层面的风险控制及发行、交易、行权等各个环节具体风险控制等多方面的内容.     

认股权证及其在国内证券市场的应用（下）

权证产品的发展遵循着从看涨权证到看跌权证，从短期权证到长期权证，从实券交割权证到现金交割权证，从个股权证到一篮子股票权证和指数权证的顺序，逐步实现权证产品的多样化和市场的规模化。     

备兑权证,破蛹而出——兼备兑权证认识误区解析

备兑权证是衍生权证的一种典型方式,目前已成为国际权证市场发展的主流.在我国,备兑权证的推出提高基础股票价格发现的能力、解决证券市场流动性不足问题、解决权证供求严重失衡问题等.但备兑权证这一新的产品推出前,我们也要澄清投资者的不少误解:发行备兑权证并非为了集资;在某些特殊情况下,投资者也可以考虑长期持有权证;发行备兑权证也并非是发行者与投机者的对赌.另外不能过于渲染备兑权证抑制投机的光环,权证产品从来就是放大收益与风险的杠杆工具,作为普通投资者,应有备无患.     

A Comparison of Measures of Earnings Per Share

Abstract

This paper explores alternative methods for computing earnings per share (EPS) for a company whose capital structure consists of ordinary shares and warrants. The methods for computing EPS identified by the FASB (1996) are critically evaluated and an alternative measure, the holding period approach,is developed within the framework of contingent claims analysis. Two types of errors are shown to characterize the accounting measures of EPS. One arises from failure of accounting measures to fully recognize the contingent nature of the warrant. The other arises from the practice of not recognizing instances of anti-dilution. A further factor is the treatment of any difference between the proceeds from the issue of the warrants and their fair value at that time. This is ignored in existing measures and yet may have a significant effect on the value of the claims of ordinary shareholders on the company’s earnings. Using a simulation method it is shown that the imputed earnings method of computing EPS is a very close approximation to the holding period method and is considerably more accurate than treasury stock measures favoured by accounting standards bodies.     

Reporting on software development projects to senior managers and the board

It is contended that the scale of some in-house software projects (and the potential impact of project failure on an organization's operating capabilities and reputation) is such that the progress of those projects warrants the concentrated attention of senior managers (and possibly, the Board). The article utilizes a case study to illustrate how the adoption of key proposals outlined in the business information systems and software engineering literatures for the management of these projects may not necessarily be effective. This work augments Walker and Oliver (2005 ), which examined the options when accounting for software expenditure and recommended expensing for consistent treatment. This article then reviews the 'information needs' of senior managers, and presents a set of six reporting templates to facilitate the effective monitoring of progress of software projects (including post-migration expenditure on system enhancements and maintenance, and efforts to capture planned benefits). In some circumstances, the scale and risks associated with software development projects warrant oversight of these projects by the Board, possibly through the establishment of specialist 'IT governance' subcommittees. Accordingly, a model charter for an IT governance committee is presented in an appendix.     

PRICING NIKKEI PUT WARRANTS: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

The newly created Nikkei put warrants represent a recent innovation in security development. These privately issued puts enable investors to hedge or speculate on price movements in the Japanese market. Understanding the pricing behavior of these new securities provides U.S. investors and issuers with valuable information to assess potential benefits and costs. In this research two alternative pricing models are used to explain the observed prices of several privately issued Nikkei put warrants. While results from the two models indicate some pricing biases, pricing errors are very small overall.     

The professional development of European accounting academics: A proposed theoretical framework for future research

Over the last decade there has been a growing interest in the professional development of accounting academics and the effectiveness of their teaching. There is recognition that this development impacts on the primary roles of accounting educators: teaching, research and administration. This paper examines the career stories of accounting educators from different European countries. The aim is to develop a theoretical framework to provide new insights into the process of professional development. The comparative analysis of these career experiences led to the development of a proposed conceptual framework for gaining an understanding of the professional development of accounting educators. Drawing on these findings, the paper proposes that an awareness of the key-factors and the process of professional development of accounting educators may provide a new way of understanding the complex relationships among identities, system of beliefs, and behaviours related to teaching, research and administration.     

An empirical investigation of the factors that determine the pricing of Dutch index warrants

This paper investigates the pricing of Dutch index warrants. It is found that when using the historical standard deviation as an estimate for the volatility, the Black and Scholes model underprices all put warrants and call warrants on the FT-SE 100 and the CAC 40, while it overprices the call warrants on the DAX. When the implied volatility of the previous day is used the model prices the index warrants fairly well. When the historical standard deviation is used the mispricing of the call and the put warrants depends in a strong way on the mispricing of the previous trading day, and on the moneyness (in a non-linear way), the volatility, and the dividend yield. When the implied standard deviation of the previous trading day is used the mispricing of the call warrants is only related to the moneyness and to the estimated volatility, while the mispricing of put index warrants depends in a strong way on the moneyness, the volatility, the dividend yield and the remaining time to maturity.     

Accounting Reforms in China: Cultural Constraints on Implementation and Development

There is considerable theory and evidence to suggest that culture is an important environmental variable influencing the development of accounting systems internationally. According to the Hofstede (1980) and Gray (1988) cultural models, China's accounting development and practice should be in the cluster that supports statutory control, uniform practices, a conservative measurement approach and secrecy in disclosure. A uniform and rigid system of financial reporting has been practised for decades in the People's Republic of China under the centrally controlled economy. The accounting reforms launched since the 1980s aim to establish a new framework for regulating financial reporting which is adaptable to China's recently emerged socialist market economy. The adoption of accounting standards in the later phases of the reforms marks a dramatic turning point in China's accounting history towards a more international Anglo-Saxon orientation in financial reporting. Based on an analysis of the authority for accounting systems, the accounting profession and accounting measurement and disclosure in China, it is argued that this development will be constrained by the influence of China's culture and its accounting subculture. While financial reporting will be governed by accounting standards, their development and enforcement will remain a governmental and legalistic function. Accountants will continue to rely heavily on detailed technical rules. This mixed orientation will constitute China's unique national identity in terms of its accounting and financial reporting system.     

Derivative Pricing 60 Years before Black–Scholes: Evidence from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

We obtain daily data for warrants traded on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange between 1909 and 1922, and for a broker's call option quotes on stocks from 1908 to 1911. We use this new data set to test how close derivative prices are to Black–Scholes (1973) prices and to compute profits for investors using a simple trading rule for call options. We examine whether investors exercised warrants optimally and how they reacted to extensions of the warrants' durations. We show that long before the development of the formal theory, investors had an intuitive grasp of the determinants of derivative pricing.     

Attitudes to the development and implementation of social and environmental accounting in Thailand

Motivated and shaped by a concern to realise the potentiality of accounting communication in relation to social and environmental issues in Thailand, this paper evaluates perceptions of current accounting as well as attitudes to social and environmental accounting among Thai accounting professionals. Making use of empirical data generated by questionnaire study and interviews, this paper aims to shed more light on the development and implementation of social and environmental accounting in Thailand. It argues that any change of accounting in future is likely to involve a change in the nature of the Thai accounting profession itself. The paper suggests ways in which the future development of social and environmental accounting practice might be given further impetus in the Thai context.     

Accounting history and theorising about organisations

Historical accounting research has a substantial track record of using a variety of theoretical insights to better understand how and why accounting has contributed to, and been affected by, organisational change and development. The article outlines the emergence of a range of theories that have been employed by accounting historians, against the background of the development of accounting history as a significant disciplinary field within accounting research. From its investigation of accounting historians’ approaches to studying accounting as a central practice in organisational processes, it reveals how historical accounting studies have been informed by and contributed to theorisation of such organisational phenomena. The article concludes that theory is largely used to provide conceptual frameworks for historical narratives, with historical accounting research often focused on case studies of single organisations or organisational settings. However, theory has also been mobilised at more general levels, to provide meta-narratives of the rise of capitalism and the emergence of managerialism. Far from treating accounting as technical practice, accounting historians are revealed as conceiving accounting as social practice, impacting both human behaviour and organisational and social functioning and development. As social practice, accounting emerges deeply embedded and pervasive in organisations and societies.     

财务会计理论:演进、继承与可能的研究问题

本文划分为"早期学者的努力"、"会计准则导向的会计理论研究"、"会计基本假设时期和实证会计理论的崛起"、"财务会计概念框架的研究与实证会计理论的迅速发展"以及"改进企业财务报告与实证会计研究日益盛行"等五个阶段,扼要回顾了财务会计理论自从Sprague(1908)以来百余年的发展,坚持继承和发展的思路,在此基础上简要概括了财务会计理论领域内未来一些可能的研究问题。