中国汽车工业发展的思考

中国加入WTO将对汽车工业产生巨大影响。在保护过渡期期间以及过渡期结束之后,关税减让、配额取消、服务贸易开放和对外资政策调整的影响将综合表现出来。通过对入世两年多来中国汽车工业发展现状的分析,找出了现象背后的原因,并指出了中国汽车工业现阶段存在的问题,只有解决这些问题才能使中国汽车工业在尽可能短的时间内达到世界先进水平。     

中国汽车工业发展的必由之路

我国汽车工业经历了 5 0年的奋斗 ,汽车工业从无到有 ,从小到大 ,已经形成了一个完整的体系 ,取得了可喜的成绩。但从总体上来看 ,无论从规模、产量、质量及品种性能上来讲 ,都可以说是处在发展阶段。随着改革开放力度的加强 ,汽车工业已被专家和有识之士认定 ,中国必须生产自己的客车、货车、轿车和其它专用车辆。随着我国将成为世贸组织的成员国 ,入关税将大幅度的减免 ,进口车必然要冲击我国的汽车工业 ,我们必须抓住这个机遇 ,在国家的宏观调控支持下 ,有重点的把我国的汽车工业进行重组调整 ,只有这样 ,才能在世界浪潮中经风雨见世面 ,…     

韩国汽车工业与中国汽车工业发展之比较

汽车工业在一国的经济建设与发展中具有重要的地位,中国和韩国两个国家在过去的几十年里,依靠着汽车工业的飞速发展,同时实现了经济的高速增长。本文将从发展历史和速度、发展环境、经济贡献率等五个方面对中韩两国的汽车工业进行比较分析,有助于发现我国汽车工业发展的不足之处,并且借鉴韩国经验完善我国汽车工业之发展。     

跨国公司的市场行为:从垄断到竞争--以汽车工业为例

20世纪90年代中期前,一些外商投资企业垄断了中国同行业市场。之后由于国内同类竞争者的形成、多家跨国公司进入、进口商品大量增加等因素的影响,跨国公司对中国市场结构的影响开始向竞争性转变。这种转变给我们的启示是:跨国公司对东道国市场结构的影响不能纯粹的界定为垄断性或竞争性;引进外资时,不必担忧跨国公司在市场上会长期处于优势地位,他们对国内企业具有带动作用。     

中国汽车工业发展战略选择

中国汽车工业选择什么样的发展目标,在很大程度上决定着汽车工业发展道路,从国际汽车工业发展的历史过程来看,汽车工业发展大体具有以下几个层次的目标。     

中国汽车工业入世后的发展

中国是世界上最大的汽车潜在市场 ,我国汽车工业在国民经济中具有重要地位。加入WTO后 ,国家为汽车工业所构筑的关税和非关税壁垒很快消失。针对我国汽车工业的现状 ,应加快国内汽车工业兼并重组 ,融入世界汽车工业整合浪潮 ,积极参与国际分工 ,在世界未来汽车发展的关键技术上形成核心竞争力。     

汽车工业研发的合作博弈

汽车工业研发的现状基本上是一个合作博弈的结构,合作博弈理论在汽车工业中是适用的。建立了汽车工业的研发投入“官产学”合作博弈模型,阐述了合作博弈各方在研发中的作角,最后提出了最优化研发合作博弈的结论。     

汽车工业研发的合作博弈

汽车工业研发的现状基本上是一个合作博弈的结构,合作博弈理论在汽车工业中是适用的。建立了汽车工业的研发投入“官产学”合作博弈模型,阐述了合作博弈各方在研发中的作用,最后提出了最优化研发合作博弈的结论。     

从无锡布衣到中国民族工业的首户

荣宗敬,谱名宗锦,晚号锦园,生于清同治十二年八月初二(1873年9月23日)。荣德生,谱名宗铨,号乐农,生于清光绪元年七月初四(1875年8月4日)。无锡西乡荣巷人,出身寒微,家世经商务农。兄弟俩由钱庄学徒做起,开办广生钱庄;由创办保兴面粉厂开始,成为“面粉大王”;由创办振新纱厂开始,成为“棉纱大王”。经过30多年的艰苦创业,由一介布衣成为中国民族工业的首户,其间经历了3个阶段。一、白手创业(1896～1911年)荣宗敬、荣德生兄弟只读过五六年私塾,就相继到上海的钱庄当学徒,由此通晓了珠算、记账、存款、放款、贴现、汇兑等各种钱庄业务。1891年,…     

志存高远:--空中客车与中国扩大工业合作

空中客车对与中国航空工业的合作充满信心,空中客车中国公司总裁马乐德(GuyMcLeod)说:“尽管世界航空业陷入低谷,令人惊奇的是中国没有受到大的影响。我们在中国有一个长期的承诺,追求的是长远的目标,也就是成为中国发展奇迹的一部分。”     

A dynamic specification of an AIDS import allocation model

In this paper we use the first-order autoregressive scheme in order to introduce dynamics into the AIDS model. We also consider the theoretical restrictions of additivity, homogeneity and symmetry, and use two different specifications of the covariance matrix. We estimate the models using import allocation data for the UK 1952–1979 of five EEC countries and test different specifications against each other.     

A cost function analysis of import demand and growth in South Africa

This study investigates the substitutability relationships among capital, labor, and imported inputs for South Africa, utilizing the estimates obtained from an aggregate cost function. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that capital is a substitute for both domestic labor and imports, but that labor and imports are complementary inputs. This latter result suggests that relaxing South African trade restrictions may have a positive impact, in both the long and the short run, on the demand for domestic labor. Other results suggest that the reduction of market impediments may also positively impact the production of investment goods and economic growth.     

A glimpse through the veil of ignorance: Equality of opportunity and support for redistribution

This study is an experimental investigation into preference for redistribution of income. It had been hypothesized that (belief in) equality of opportunity in a society diminishes support for the welfare state. This could potentially explain the low taxes and social benefits in the United States vis-a-vis Europe. To verify this hypothesis, participants in an experiment were assigned different “Probabilities of Winning” and matched in groups of four. Next, before finding out who would actually win, they selected preferred transfers to be paid by the winners to the group as a whole. It was found that the average transfers were about 20% lower in the sessions in which winning was determined by performance in a task rather than by sheer luck. This difference cannot be explained by overconfidence in predicting own score. It corroborates the conjecture that perceived determinants of success (i.e. whether poverty results from laziness or bad luck) affect the support for redistribution. On the other hand, greater inequality of opportunity measured simply by dispersion of Probabilities of Winning within a group did not lead to higher transfers.     

Industrial Development Banking in Nigeria: A Forty Year Failed Experiment

Abstract

The first industrial development bank in Nigeria was established in 1964 as part of the First National Development Plan. Its original mandate was to provide medium‐ and long‐term finance to privately owned enterprises in Nigeria. Forty years after its establishment (1964–2004) funding still remains the major obstacle to industrial development in Nigeria. This paper argues that the major problem for the bank was the government’s inability to separate the affairs of the bank from politics.     

Oil and ethnic inequality in Nigeria

Although it is known that ethnic biases exist in Africa, less is known about how these respond to natural resource prices. Many ethnically fragmented African countries depend on a small number commodities for their export base. Oil prices experienced in early life predict differential adult outcomes across Nigerian ethnic groups. Our difference-in-difference approach compares members of southern ethnicities to other Nigerians from the same birth cohort. This North-South distinction mirrors several economic, political, and religious cleavages in the country. Greater prices in a southern individual’s birth year predict several relative outcomes, including reduced fertility, delayed marriage, higher probabilities of working and having a skilled occupation, greater schooling, lower height, and greater BMI. These microeconomic impacts are explained by macroeconomic responses to oil prices; relatively, urban incomes increase, food production declines, and maternal labor intensifies in the South.     

Exchange rate pass-through in Turkish export and import prices

This article investigates the effects of horizontal acquisitions on the performance of target firms in the 1990s. Using French manufacturing firm-level data, we examine two main indicators of performance: the profit and the productive efficiency. We distinguish domestic from cross-border acquisitions. To evaluate the impact of take-overs, we implement appropriate difference-in-difference estimation techniques associated to a matching propensity score procedure. We find that Mergers &?Acquisitions (M&A) do not increase the profit of French target firms, even on the long run. However, they clearly raise the productivity of target firms. These results suggest that firms probably redistribute efficiency gains at the upstream and/or downstream production stage. There is no evidence of an increase in market power. In addition, the consequences of domestic and cross-border M&A significantly differ. Efficiency gains are stronger for cross-border M&A. This conclusion is however true only for extra-European Union operations. The achievement in the European economic integration certainly explains the absence of difference between European and domestic acquisitions. Finally, our results cast some doubt on the frequent discrimination attitude towards foreign takeovers and the fears of their impact on firms’ performance and the host country's welfare.     

Measurement error in imputation procedures

We study how estimators that are used to impute consumption in survey data are inconsistent due to measurement error in consumption. Previous research suggests instrumenting consumption to overcome this problem. We show that, if additional regressors are present, then instrumenting consumption may still produce inconsistent estimators due to the likely correlation between additional regressors and measurement error. On the other hand, low correlations between additional regressors and instruments may reduce bias due to measurement error. We apply our findings by revisiting recent research that imputes consumption data from the CEX to the PSID.     

Determinants of domestic and import prices in Canadian manufacturing industries

This paper examines the determinants of the prices of domestic and imported goods in the domestic market using time-series data for a broad sample of Canadian manufacturing industries. It is found that the costs of both goods are the fundamental determinants of their prices, that the pass-through of costs into prices depends on the levels of domestic and import costs, real income per capita and concentration, and that factors which increase the sensitivity of both prices to domestic costs also reduce their sensitivity to import costs. In addition, it appears that the way in which prices are determined differs between industries with low versus high advertising-sales ratios.     

A leximin characterization of strategy-proof and non-resolute social choice procedures

Summary. We characterize strategy-proof social choice procedures when choice sets need not be singletons. Sets are compared by leximin. For a strategy-proof rule g, there is a positive integer k such that either (i) the choice sets g(r) for all profiles r have the same cardinality k and there is an individual i such that g(r) is the set of alternatives that are the k highest ranking in i's preference ordering, or (ii) all sets of cardinality 1 to k are chosen and there is a coalition L of cardinality k such that g(r) is the union of the tops for the individuals in L. There do not exist any strategy-proof rules such that the choice sets are all of cardinality to k where . Received: November 8, 1999; revised version: September 18, 2001     

A simultaneous analysis of exchange-rate passthrough into prices of imperfectly substitutable domestic and import goods

For the most part, the relationship between import and domestic prices, and their common linkages to currency movements, has been ignored, especially at the industry level. This paper examines the direct and indirect impacts of exchange rates on prices, analyzing a panel of 26 4-digit SIC industries over the 1978–1987 period. The results are consistent with the view that the indirect influence of exchange rates on domestic prices through import competition clearly dominates any direct impact, and that import prices are motivated largely by pricing-to-market. We find some evidence of a limiting effect of market concentration on passthrough into both domestic and import prices, while an increased reliance on imported inputs and increased substitutability between domestic and foreign goods each enhances the passthrough into domestic prices.