委托外部审计师对外资银行现场检查比较研究与启示

委托外部审计师对外资银行现场检查是许多国家监管当局在监管实务中的普遍做法,它通过提供独立的专业评估视角,有助于提升银行现场检查质量和水平。本文拟在完善细化相关立法的基础上,从机构选择、质量控制、检查范围等多个方面完善我国现有监管制度。     

BCBS《银行外部审计指引》对我国银行外部审计监管政策的启示

高质量的银行外部审计能够维持市场对银行财务报表的信心，促进金融稳定，并发挥对银行业监管的补充作用。为有效提升国际银行外部审计质量，2014年3月，巴塞尔银行监管委员会发布了《银行外部审计指引》。本文对该指引的要点进行了介绍，分析了该指引与我国外部审计监管政策的异同，并提出了改进我国监管政策的建议。     

委托外部审计师对外资银行现场检查的研究

委托外部审计师对外资银行进行现场检查是许多国家监管当局在监管实务中的普遍做法,它通过提供独立的专业评估视角,有助于提升银行现场检查质量和水平.因此,应在完善细化相关立法的基础上,从机构选择、质量控制、检查范围等多个方面完善我国现有制度.     

审计质量对商业银行风险承担的影响研究

商业银行是现代金融体系的主要力量,也是我国金融风险监管的重点领域。外部审计可以对商业银行的经营状况及风险控制等方面进行审查，是改善商业银行内部经营和防范商业银行风险的重要手段。本文以2011-2021年我国23家商业银行的面板数据为研究对象进行实证分析，探究外部审计质量与商业银行风险承担之间存在的动态关系。研究结果表明：高质量的外部审计对商业银行的风险承担具有抑制作用，并且商业银行的信贷资产质量在审计质量对商业银行风险承担的影响中发挥了一定的中介作用。研究结论为商业银行风险防范以及外部审计工作质量的提升提供了依据。     

试论我国对外资银行的监管

目前 ,我国对外资银行的监管起点较低 ,远不能适应金融服务业进一步开放的需要 ,在这种背景下 ,如何加强对外资银行的监管成为当前亟待解决的问题。本文结合当前实际 ,在分析我国外资银行监管体系现状和缺陷的基础上 ,提出应当建立包括有效的外资银行内部控制、权威的中央银行监管、独立的社会审计、规范的行业自律和协同的联合跨国监管五个层次的外资银行监管体系 ,并提出了完善各层次监管的措施及方法。     

完善金融审计 防控金融风险

金融审计是为规范金融机构经营、维护金融秩序,以国家相关法律法规为依据,对金融机构的业务、财务等方面进行的强制性监督检查,天然地具有金融系统免疫功能。巴塞尔银行监管委员会也在《有效银行监管的核心原则》中指出,在监管机构对银行进行现场监察时,可能部分或全部地需要外部专业审计的帮助,并在一定程度上要依赖外部审计的结果。     

审计师可以为交易所提供监管线索吗?——基于年报问询与关键审计事项关系的证据

为探究独立审计鉴证与证券交易所自律监管这两种公司外部治理机制的关系，本文以2017-2020年我国A股上市公司为样本，分析发现，关键审计事项的披露数量越多，年报被实施问询的概率越高。这两种公司外部治理机制的互补关系主要体现在非常规关键审计事项对交易所问询内容的影响上。进一步分析发现，在具有行业专长的审计师组和正向异常审计费用组，审计师披露的非常规关键审计事项更能为交易所监管提供风险提示线索；当被监管企业盈余管理程度较高时，非常规关键审计事项为交易所监管部门提供监管线索的作用更加明显。研究验证了审计师与交易所监管部门之间在信息披露监管上存在互补关系，两者在提高上市公司信息披露质量方面存在更大的协作空间。     

审计独立性水平确定的博弈分析

本文以审计客户实施舞弊,并且注册会计师发现了其舞弊行为后注册会计师的行为选择为起点,从不同利益主体对审计独立性水平影响来探讨审计独立性水平的确定。研究发现注册会计师的独立性水平是审计客户、外部投资者、市场力量、监管力量和法律力量相互较量的结果,其水平的高低取决于几方力量的对比变化。     

实施非现场审计,促进农行审计转型

农业银行作为一家大型上市银行,传统的审计模式已经难于适应业务的快速发展和内、外部实时监管的要求,非现场审计作为商业银行内部审计中不可替代的审计方法和监控手段,正在发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文论述当前农行审计转型时期,实施非现场审计的必要性和可行性,分析今后的发展思路。     

实施非现场审计,促进农行审计转型

农业银行作为一家大型上市银行,传统的审计模式已经难于适应业务的快速发展和内、外部实时监管的要求,非现场审计作为商业银行内部审计中不可替代的审计方法和监控手段,正在发挥着越来越重要的作用.本文论述当前农行审计转型时期,实施非现场审计的必要性和可行性,分析今后的发展思路.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

我国助学贷款改革刍议--"双担保"机制设计

国家新出台的助学贷款政策,还不过是既有的框架下的局部调整,存在诸多不完善的地方。为此,对国家助学贷款应构建高校与就业单位的“双担保”机制。从长期来看,要构建一个系统有效的“政府部门管理和商业银行运作相结合”、“多层次、多渠道、多方式”、“担保和非担保、贴息和非贴息、市场和非市场运作互相补充”的中国教育金融框架。