中国对于国际会计协调的基本态度与所面临的问题

本文从分析当前国际经济全球化的背景和国际财务报告准则制定及其应用的急剧变化出发,认为我们应当积极关注国际财务报告准则发展和国际会计协调与趋同的进展情况。尽管我国目前尚没有完全采用国际财务报告准则,但是中国实际上也是国际财务报告准则的使用者和受益者,为此,中国一方面支持国际会计准则理事会制定全球公认会计准则的努力,另一方面也将积极参与国际会计协调与趋同进程。与此同时,考虑到中国当前所面临的特殊会计环境及其对我国会计国际协调与趋同的影响,中国会计国际化将适应经济发展的需要,走一条渐进式改革之路。为此,本文提出了一个务实、可行的会计国际化策略。     

关于我国当前环境下的会计国际化问题

我国会计当前所处的环境十分复杂 ,计划经济的影响与市场经济的发展并存 ,工业经济与知识经济交融 ,这决定了我国会计具有自己的特点。会计国际化是一个国际协调的过程 ,是大势所趋 ,各国都要参与到这个协调过程中来 ,同时也将是一个艰巨而漫长的过程。在我国当前环境下 ,我们不应仅仅被动消极地接受其他国家协调的成果 ,而应主动积极地参与到协调过程中 ,以期使国际会计准则解决我们所面临的一些特殊会计问题 ;此外 ,会计国际化的发展需要法律等各个方面的配合 ,并强化会计标准的执行机制     

我国会计国际化进程刍议

本文分析了会计国际协调的成因和进展 ,论证会计国际化是必然趋势 ;探讨了主要发达国家和部分西方学者对会计国际化的态度 ,论证会计国际化是一个政治程序而非技术范畴 ;分析了国际会计准则的基本特点及其在我国的实践及研究发现 ,推论了国际会计准则的角色 ;讨论了国际财务报告准则的发展战略及其应用环境问题 ,并对我国会计国际化进程提出政策建议     

近几年会计国际协调发展述评

一、会计国际协调的内涵及发展趋势 会计国际协调是一个过程，通过这个过程．逐步缩小各国间会计实务的差异，并且最终形成一套公认的会计惯例或准则，促进各国会计实务和财务信息的可比性。关于会计国际协调的内在涵义，目前理论界有多种不同的形式表述，其中最具代表性的有：会计准则的国际协调、国际会计准则协调、国际会计惯例协调等。但是从近几年会计国际协调的发展趋势来看．会计国际协调正在向单一的会计准则——国际财务报告准则（IFRS）趋同，特别是在2000年国际会计准则委员会（IASC）实施重大改组后，会计准则全球趋同的目标逐渐清晰。这一变化使IASB成为全球统一会计准则的制定者。     

中央银行会计标准改革研究——基于财务报告概念框架国际趋同的视角

在经济金融全球化的背景下,顺应会计准则国际趋同、央行会计标准国际趋同趋势,是当前我国中央会计标准改革的必然选择。本文通过介绍国际会计准则理事会（IASB）和美国财务会计准则委员会（FASB）联合概念框架的既有成果,并对其进行分析评价,结合我国央行会计标准的现状,重点厘清我国央行会计标准改革需要解决的一些基础理论问题,从而对改革我国央行会计标准提出合理化建议。     

《企业会计制度》与国际会计惯例的协调

近年来，国际经济一体化趋势迅速发展，国际经济和国际资本的进一步融合已成为不可逆转的潮流。我国要发展经济，必须融入到这个潮流中去。我国的企业即要引入先进的技术和充分利用资源，同时还要创造走向国际。这给会计改革提出了较高的要求，会计核算制度应是全方位的，不仅要着眼于国有企业，还要着眼于其他经济类型的企业；既要考虑国内经营的企业，还要兼顾到国外经营的企业。同时，随着我国加入国际会计是联合会，成为国际会计准则委员会一员步伐的加快，会计标准的国际协调就显得十分必要。可以说新颁布的《企业会计制度》在主要会计规定上实现了与国际会计惯例的充分协调。主要表现在以下几方面。     

中国会计标准的国际协调——《企业会计制度》实施前后上市公司净利润双重披露的实证研究

2000年底财政部发布《企业会计制度》,2001年1月1日开始在股份有限公司执行。新会计标准的颁布实施,是否已实现与国际会计准则的协调,又成为理论界探讨的焦点。本文着重从A、B股上市公司境内外净利润差异的角度,研究《企业会计制度》实施前后新旧会计标准的国际协调问题,文章分别对2000年、2001年和2002年按新旧会计标准和国际会计准则双重披露的净利润差异进行了独立检验、比较检验以及深沪两市的检验。     

对中国会计国际化的再认识

正确理解国际惯例的含义，是推进中国会计国际化进程的前提条件。中国会计国际化的最终走向是和国际会计准则相协调，而中国会计的国家化应当定位于宏观方面，这样才能真正体现我国会计核算模式改革的初衷。     

我国应对会计国际化的策略探讨

我国加入WTO后,作为国际商业语言的会计,要求与国际会计惯例相协调。而会计规则和会计实务在与国际结轨的过程中,如何既结合我国的具体国情,保持我国的会计特色,又能实现与国际会计惯例的协调,是本文主要研究的内容。     

会计准则国际趋同的演化博弈分析

<正>一、引言会计准则国际趋同应避免国际间会计交流存在的差异;要想进一步加快我国会计准则国际趋同步伐,前提条件是从差异入手,深入分析与研究我国会计准则与国际会计准则间的差异,并制定有效的解决措施,实现会计准则国际趋同目标,同时,还要对会计准则国际趋同的演化与博弈情况加以全面的分析。二、会计准则国际趋同与国际会计准则间存在的差异及其解决措施(一)我国会计准则概念框架与国际会计间的差异在编制国际会计准则过程中,会在一个会计框架基础上     

新会计准则对财务比率分析的影响

由于我国会计准则是根据我国特定的社会主义市场经济环境制定的,必然与国际会计准则存在差异,但与国际会计准则趋同是一种必然趋势。本文在考虑成本因素,我国的利益及我国的现实经济环境的同时,认为我国会计准则与国际会计准则趋同需要经历一个长期过程。     

Measurement of Formal Convergence of Vietnamese Accounting Standards with IFRS

Convergence refers to the process of narrowing the differences between International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) and country‐specific accounting standards. The purpose of this study is to measure the formal convergence between Vietnamese Accounting Standards (VAS) and IAS/IFRS using a fuzzy‐based approach. We assess the extent of convergence between VAS and IAS/IFRS from the perspective of a single standard, clusters of standards and the standards as a whole. The levels of standards convergence are clustered into four categories: full convergence, substantial convergence, substantial difference and complete difference. Our results indicate that the level of convergence between the two sets of standards only achieves mid‐level convergence. The findings of this study should help policy makers improve VAS to meet international standards.     

Measuring convergence of National Accounting Standards with International Financial Reporting Standards

This paper analyses three methods for measuring the success achieved in effecting convergence between any two sets of accounting standards. We begin by reviewing a measurement method based on the concept of Euclidean distances. We then propose two better measures (involving Jaccard's coefficients and Spearman's coefficients) to assess the progress of National Accounting Standards setting bodies in converging their standards with International Financial Reporting Standards [IFRS]. For illustrative purposes, we measure the convergence of National Accounting Standards in Portugal with International Accounting Standards [IAS] and IFRS over the period 1977–2003.     

会计准则制定的利益博弈与经济后果——以国际会计准则为例

经济全球化使得各国会计准则的发展走向趋同的研究。国际会计准则形成和发展的过程,实际上是一个国家利益博弈的过程,并且这种利益博弈是一种智猪博弈。在这场利益博弈中,各国已逐渐形成自己的趋同策略。在国际会计准则制定的过程中,本文探讨了经济后果对会计准则和准则制定机构的影响。为保持高质量的会计准则,本文认为,在保证准则制定机构理性和程序允当的基础上,还应尽量保证准则制定者的独立性。     

Implications for the Conceptual Framework Arising From Accounting for Financial Instruments

This article describes some of the issues faced by standard setters in developing guidance on accounting for financial instruments and the implications these issues have for the conceptual framework (CF). The objective is to outline issues, not necessarily to resolve them, and to consider the implications they have for further developing the conceptual framework.
Given the current trend of harmonization and convergence of accounting practice towards international standards, it seems reasonable to assume that any policy implications will be most relevant to the CF inherited by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). ¹ Unless otherwise stated, references will be made to International Accounting Standards (IAS).     

The IASB and FASB convergence process and the need for ‘concept-based’ accounting teaching

The increasing globalization of the U.S. economy drives interest in international accounting standards. In this respect, the convergence process between the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) targets the completion of several major projects by 2011. The importance of the projects under consideration as well as the lack of conclusive theoretical solutions around them suggests that the target of a “common set” of accounting standards will be replaced in the short-medium term by a de facto situation of a “slightly different set” of accounting standards. In this paper, we draw on best available practices to make a specific proposal for the introduction of IFRS into the curriculum of institutions of higher learning in the U.S. Our proposal is driven by the idea that accounting education should move from teaching ever temporary rules to emphasize the economic and strategic underpinnings of accounting transactions.     

Insights from Accounting Practitioners on China's Convergence with IFRS

This study provides insights from accounting practitioners on China's convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Through a survey of 33 senior financial executives of Chinese listed companies in 2014, the study reports their perceptions on the following issues: first, the degree of convergence between IFRS and Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS); second, the choice between fair value and historical cost accounting, and the usefulness of fair value accounting for Chinese companies’ financial reporting; third, challenges in the process of China's harmonisation with IFRS; and finally, essential capabilities of Chinese accounting professionals in the process of China's harmonisation with IFRS. Multivariate regression was used for further analysis. The survey findings reveal that in general CAS have converged with IFRS, with a few exceptions that reflect the unique Chinese context. Historical cost accounting is the preferred measurement base to fair value accounting. Exercising professional judgement was identified as a challenge for China's full convergence with IFRS. Ownership structure and the expertise of accounting practitioners were found to affect respondents’ judgements on China's convergence with IFRS. This study has policy implications for international accounting standard setters and accounting educators to consider the contextual issues of implementing IFRS in an emerging economy.     

Convergence and harmonization of accounting standards in the South Pacific region

Over the last few years there has been a significant increase in the acceptance of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) which are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Although numerous countries are adopting IFRSs, the approaches used for convergence continue to differ significantly across countries. Using selected countries from the South Pacific region, this paper investigates the relationship between country-specific characteristics and the selection of the appropriate approach used for the adoption of IFRSs. The country-specific attributes that have been found to influence convergence are (1) the set of accounting standards that was prevailing in the country at the time when the selection was made, (2) the availability and experience of professional accountants, (3) the relevant education and professional training, (4) the presence of the Big 4 accounting firms and (5) the accounting regulatory framework. The results of this study suggest that complete comparability in financial reporting may be difficult to achieve across all countries even after adopting the IFRSs. These findings are important because they indicate that attention should be concentrated on theorizing and empirically testing the effects of the country-specific attributes on convergence efforts across various jurisdictions.     

Faculty perspectives on international accounting topics

Given the increasing globalization of business, including the widening acceptance of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the capital markets, the international dimension is of great importance to the accounting profession. The international accounting course plays a key role in the accounting curriculum in providing students with information about this critical area of accounting. This study examines the relative importance of various international accounting topics through a survey of members of the American Accounting Association's International Accounting Section. Results are compared with those of prior studies in order to determine whether and to what extent perspectives have changed over time. The findings should be helpful for faculty designing or updating an international accounting course or curriculum or desiring to integrate international issues into various accounting courses. They should also help practitioners identify with which areas their new hires are likely to be more familiar.     

China's Convergence with IFRS: Analysis of Dual-listed Companies

This study investigates China's convergence towards International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) using generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) differences data disclosed in AH-share companies’ annual reports from 2006 to 2017. We firstly find that 92% of AH-share companies disclosed GAAP differences in 2006, immediately prior to implementation of converged Chinese accounting standards (CAS). This ratio decreased to 88% in 2007, 58% in 2010, and 38% in 2011, respectively. After 2011, less than one third of AH companies disclosed GAAP differences. Secondly, an increasing number of AH companies (35%) have published CAS-based financial statements in Hong Kong from 2014. Thirdly, except for the first few years after 2007, the disclosed GAAP differences have dropped to a very low level; since 2010 the net profit and net assets GAAP differences ratios have been below 0.5%. Fourthly, reduction of the disclosed GAAP differences appears to be the result of efforts by Chinese standard setters and regulators, work related to the International Accounting Standards Board, or changes in China's special socio-economic environment. Distinct from word-by-word comparison between CAS and IFRS, this research shows that China has achieved its original goal, namely an enterprise applying CAS should produce financial statements that are the same as those of an enterprise that applies IFRS. Our findings provide insights regarding China's institutional evolution in terms of the country's IFRS convergence effort, which are useful for further empirical study.