Factors impacting on whether and how businesses respond to early warning signs of financial and economic turmoil: Jamaican firms in the global crisis

Much of the debate surrounding the recent global crisis is focused on respective governments’ policy responses to the financial and economic downturn. Much less attention has been placed on the manner in which private sector businesses responded to the crisis. This study analyses the results of a survey of 284 Jamaican businesses conducted in the first quarter of 2009. It identifies the responses to the crisis that were viewed as most likely at that stage, and uses logistic regression techniques to analyse the factors most likely to precipitate different types of responses. International transmission mechanisms, basic business characteristics, and managers’ experiences with and expectations of changing conditions in the finance, output and input markets were investigated as explanatory variables. The results presented are important, as the early response of businesses to economic and financial crisis often determines the extent of the ultimate outcome on the livelihoods of individuals in a country.     

Financial socialism: The role of financial economics in economic disorganization

A growing body of research shows evidence that financial economics played a significant role in recent financial crises, such as the subprime mortgage crisis, Enron and Long-Term Capital Management. This track record is a wake-up call for managers and investors who employ financial economic models. This paper demonstrates how financial economics decouples market prices from the valuation by customers and resource owners in a systematic way. As an organization principle, financial economics replaces value-driven investment by a theory-driven ruling of anonymous financial markets – a scenario warranting the title “financial socialism”. Implications for customer valuation, financial accounting, and a maxim for the sound application of financial economic models are presented.     

Parent company benefits from reverse knowledge transfer: The role of the liability of newness in MNEs

Research on reverse knowledge transfer (RKT) has relegated subsidiary age to a control variable. However, to the extent that subsidiary age captures experience with host countries and internal networks, it reflects accumulated knowledge stocks and capabilities. We draw on organizational ecology theory to theorize that subsidiary age is an important determinant of parent company benefits from RKT and that RKT from older subsidiaries is viewed as more beneficial to the parent company than RKT from younger subsidiaries. This relationship is negatively moderated by the use of acquisitions and majority-owned joint ventures, and positively moderated by the use of socialization mechanisms.     

公共文化服务财政机制研究综述

公共文化服务的提供应由公共财政负责,相应的财政机制更应完善。从多视角将当前国内众多研究对公共文化服务方面财政机制的看法与反映进行总结,探讨这些层面研究的内涵、可参考性,认为在机制细节理论设计方面有不完善之处,通过调研全面考察、研究可以完善我国财政机制。     

金融改革进程中我国银行资本的市场运作研究

伴随经济的全球化和多样化,金融结构的调整和改革,金融的业务竞争也越来越激烈,为了生存和发展,银行作为盈利性的企业,必定要在自身的经营方式和结构上进行具有创新性的重组和调整,这样,银行资本的市场运作必定也会受到一系列影响。     

Human and financial capital as determinants of biopharmaceutical IPO de-listings

The present study combines human capital theory with work on IPOs related to sources of financial capital of recent, publicly traded biopharmaceutical firms and relates this to the de-listing of these firms. The study follows the generally accepted view that more or better quality human capital is a positive factor in individual and firm performance to develop the hypotheses, positing a negative relationship between these factors and IPO de-listing. The results show that to a limited extent firms having CEOs with more or better human capital and strategic alliance partners are associated with biopharmaceutical IPOs’ de-listing. The study further finds that de-listing in this industry is due primarily to acquisitions (and not financial distress) and that the findings differ based upon whether examining financial distress or acquisition de-listings. The study draws upon the IPO motivation literature to help explain the results.     

Choice of markets for initial export activities: Differences between early and late exporters

The behaviour of early exporters not only challenges the perspective of the sequential process of internationalization, but it also questions general concepts in the field of management, such as the liability of newness and the liability of foreignness. This study analyses how firms initiate their export activities and proposes differences between early exporters and other firms. The results of our empirical investigation demonstrate that early exporters begin exporting to a greater number of countries than late exporters. However, in the case of early exporters, those countries are institutionally closer to the country of origin of the firm. Finally, we analyze the role played by financial resources in the choice of markets for those initial exports.     

上市公司财务指标分析与调整

随着企业投资、融资的市场化与信息化,更好的了解并分析企业经济运行情况就变的越来越重要,而要获得真正真实有用的信息,认真分析企业的财务报表就是一条重要的捷径。上市公司公开披露的财务指标很多,投资者要想从众多的信息中正确把握企业的财务现状和前景,正确运用财务比率分析方法分析     

现代流通业的分层体系结构

本文将现代流通业分为流通网络基础层、物流层、流通业态组织层、商务信息层和资本市场层五个层次,体现了由垂直分工转向水平分工、由行业性管理转向市场化运作的思想,并应用该分层体系结构给出一组现代流通业的核心评价指标,也提出一些完善现代流通业的主要措施。     

The role of innovation in driving the economy: Lessons from the global financial crisis

The global financial crisis hit nearly every country in the world, devastating their economies, decimating the financial resources of their companies and citizens, and nearly collapsing the banking systems in their countries. While risky financial instruments and bad home lending practices receive much of the blame for this downturn, too few innovations introduced in the years leading up to the crisis also contribute to this collapse or, at a minimum, deepening the resulting recession. This paper draws on theoretical literature and contemporary media accounts, building the argument for a significant impact of innovations on the economy and its potential role in pulling the US economy out of the financial crisis. The paper develops propositions based on this review and discusses implications for staving off future economic difficulties.     

更新观念促进企业财务管理新发展

传统财务管理要适应新形势,必须有新的发展思路.其发展思路可概括为:改变原有的财务管理观念;强化知识资产管理;使现代企业财务管理更加科学化;建立网络财务管理模式;实施财务再造策略等.     

企业集团财务控制的几项措施

本文主要阐述了企业集团财务管理与控制中存在的问题,分析了构建科学有效的集团企业财务运作体系,提出了加强企业集团财务控制的对策措施.     

The extent and nature of opportunity identification by experienced entrepreneurs

Guided by insights from cognitive theories, this article explores the links between entrepreneurs' prior business ownership experience and their opportunity identification behavior. Hypotheses were tested using data from 630 entrepreneurs. Experienced entrepreneurs identified more opportunities and exploited more innovative opportunities with greater wealth creation potential. Entrepreneurs that had owned more than 4.5 businesses, however, identified fewer opportunities. The nature of prior business ownership experience also shaped opportunity identification behavior. An inverse U-shaped relationship was detected between the proportion of failed businesses relative to the number of businesses owned and the number of opportunities identified in a given period. Business failure experience was not associated with the innovativeness of exploited opportunities.     

加快哈尔滨财源建设的对策研究

财源建设对地方财政发展具有重大影响,在结合了哈尔滨市"十二五"发展规划的基础上分析哈市近几年财源的基本情况,指出财源建设上存在的问题,从完善财源框架、提升传统产业、打造现代服务业、培育县域经济、推进园区项目等方面重点分析了财源建设的对策。     

关于改进财政管理体制的意义的探讨

在我国最近几年时间里,国际金融危机严重度冲击着我国的经济发展,而在应对这一问题中,我国的财政政策发挥了极其重要而又独特的作用忽然意义.在我国的整个国民经济管理体制当中,财政管理体制占有极其重要且无可替代的地位,大家知道,因为在我国各项经济事业的发展都离不开财力方面的支持.所以,财政管理体制也就得必须适应我国经济管理体制的要求.财政管理体制它是属于上层建筑,它反映社会主义经济(尤其是我国的特色社会主义经济)的基础并由它决定.改进我国的财政管理体制不仅仅是为社会主义经济基础服务,也是对于我国在这个五年计划发展的必要措施,同时也为我国在以后的经济发展和国民的生活、安居起到极其重要的作用.     

The financial impact of loyalty programs in the hotel industry: A social exchange theory perspective

With increased competition across the hotel industry for frequent travelers, who generate a disproportionate portion of revenue, loyalty programs appear to be a rational response to the competitive environment. The question remains, however, as to whether these programs are effective at increasing the profitability of hotel operators. This study analyzes the impact of customer loyalty programs on the industry specific performance metrics of occupancy rate, revenue, and operating margin. Utilizing a comprehensive database of 36 different hotel brands (e.g., Marriot, Hilton) encompassing 31 loyalty programs and 435 different hotel properties, we examine whether a loyalty program is indeed an effective tool to increase operating margin. In summary, empirical results suggest that investment in hotel loyalty programs has a positive impact on occupancy rates and profitability. And although the overall effect is modest, these results have several managerial implications for the hotel industry.     

Engagement behavior and financial well-being: The effect of message framing in online pension communication

People spend very little time planning for retirement, which could have negative effects on their financial well-being. To address this troubling lack of engagement, the authors posit that the use of goal framing, a marketing practice that involves making strategic adjustments to wording of marketing communications, in technology-facilitated communication (e.g., email) is effective for stimulating consumers’ behavioral engagement with pension information that is relevant for their long-term financial well-being. Field, online, and laboratory studies consistently show that a prevention-oriented assurance frame in technology-facilitated communication is twice as effective as a promotion-oriented investment frame for increasing participants’ engagement behavior. The findings have important implications for marketers and policy makers who seek to increase consumers’ retirement engagement behavior and financial well-being.     

Managerial pay and financial performance of small business

The purpose of this study is to examine empirically whether managerial pay of small-firm executives is more closely related to profitability or generation of sales. Conventional economic doctrine supports the hypothesis that chief executives are paid primarily to advance profitability. The contrary hypothesis, given impetus by Baumol [2] and Galbraith [8], asserts a closer relationship between compensation and sales. Previous studies of large corporations have produced conflicting results. Regression analysis of the 78 small firms in this study reveals managers receiving compensation correlating fairly closely with both profitability and sales. The cumulative forces at work in these firms impacting upon managerial pay appear to have wrought a linkage conductive toward motivating managers to be both “bottom line” and marketing oriented.     

论金融稳定作为货币政策目标的依据

在目前的金融稳定问题危及经济发展的新经济环境下,各国基于现行货币政策目标体系的货币政策的有效性再次受到质疑.本文拟对在当前经济环境下将金融稳定纳入货币政策目标体系的货币政策的依据和影响进行论证.