宏观经济变量对中国国债风险溢价影响的实证研究——基于上海证券交易所的交易数据

本文基于面板数据模型,对各主要宏观经济变量及利率期限结构对国债风险溢价的影响进行了实证研究.研究结果表明:国债利率期限结构曲线越陡峭,国债的风险溢价水平越高;通货膨胀因素对国债风险溢价水平的影响较大;规模以上工业增加值、上证综合指数月度收益率与L 债风险溢价水平存在显著负相关关系;广义货币供应量与国债风险溢价水平存在显著正相关关系;官方利率与国债风险溢价水平的关系较弱.     

中国国债利率期限结构预期假说检验

利率期限结构反映利率与到期期限的关系。本文对我国国债利率期限结构预期假说进行实证检验,否定了预期理论。表明我国国债利率期限结构存在明显的时变期限风险溢仇时变期限风险溢价是决定利率期限结构的重要因素。不同期限即期利率之间存在协整关系说明利率期限结构隐含的远期利率对未来即期利率有一定的预测作用府在“预期之谜”。     

交易所国债期限风险溢价的实证研究

本文考察了上海证券交易所国债期限风险溢价的时间变化特征及决定因素。实证结果显示，债券剩余期限越长，平均风险溢价越高；通过对不同期限债券组合的风险溢价序列建立回归模型，发现长短期利差及风险溢价的前期值对中长期债券期限风险溢价的时变性具有明显的解释能力。     

银行间债券市场国债利率期限结构与通货膨胀预测

国外已有实证研究证明利率期限结构具有预测未来通货膨胀率的作用,本文采用我国银行间债券市场国债交易数据,对Mishkin模型和扩展的Mishkin模型进行实证分析,研究了不同期限的名义利率差与通货膨胀率的关系.结果发现:9个月与3个月的国债到期收益率之差与2年期与6个月的国债收益率之差含有一定的未来通货膨胀的信息,其他期限的国债收益率之差则不能用来预测未来通货膨胀.这表明,我国银行间债券市场国债利率期限结构可以作为央行制定货币政策的辅助工具.     

国债风险溢价预测模型在债券投资中的应用

本文以利率期限结构信息为解释变量,对中期国债的风险溢价建立预测模型.回归结果显示,利率期限结构的斜率因子和曲度因子对中期国债的月度风险溢价具有显著的预测能力.利用该预测模型建立的模拟债券组合,与市场指数及债券型基金相比,取得了较好的业绩表现.     

交易所国债回购利率期限结构研究

本文对上海证券交易所国债回购利率的利率期限结构进行了研究。与以往研究结果不同，本文使用GMM方法克服了国内学者在预期理论实证研究中的估计偏误。本文发现，在假定期限溢价为常数时不支持预期理论，但把时变的期限溢价引入检验模型中时、实证结果支持了预期理论。但期限溢价及即期利率价差仅能部分解释未来短期利率的变动，预测效果较差，还需要对流动性、投资者的风险偏好等可能的影响因素作进一步分析，以期提高对市场利率变化的预测精度。     

通货膨胀水平、股票市值与中国国债利率期限结构

本文选取2007年1月—2016年6月中国国债即期收益率数据,利用动态Nelson-Siegel模型构造反映国债利率期限结构的水平、斜率和曲率因子,并运用Johansen协整检验、VEC模型等方法考察通货膨胀水平、股票市值与利率期限结构间的行为特征,研究发现:通过Nelson-Siegel模型构造的结构因子体现出利率期限结构的特征;通货膨胀率、股票市值与国债利率期限结构的水平、斜率因子之间存在长期的协整关系,但是通货膨胀水平和股票市值变动对水平因子无显著影响,反映出货币政策向债券市场传导的效率有待完善;长期看来,通货膨胀水平和股票市值均在缩小斜率因子方面效果显著。此外,斜率因子可以预测出通货膨胀水平的变化,为制定和实施货币政策提供前瞻性信息。     

中国债券市场的纯期望假设理论检验

本文讨论了即期利率、远期利率和风险溢筹的关系。通过协整模型对中国交易所国债市场的利率期限结构进行期望假设检验。实证研究发现，短期利率符合期望假设理论。随着期限的延长，风险溢筹理论逐渐显著。     

加入时变溢价的利率期限结构研究

本文在理性预期假说的基础上,利用上海银行间同业拆借利率(Shibor)长短期利率数据,对加入时变风险溢价的利率期限结构进行了实证研究,结果表明:理性预期假说可以解释我国利率市场的预测作用,风险溢价因子为常数时的利率期限结构模型不能解释实际利率数据,而加入经期限修正的风险溢价因子后,利率期限结构模型能够解释长短期利率的预期理论。     

我国国债利率期限结构分析

我国国债利率期限结构分析王利华一、国债利率期限结构的概念国债利率的期限结构是指各种不同期限国债的利率或收益率与期限之间的数量关系。用座标来表示，剩余期限作为横坐标，利率或收益率作为纵坐标，把不同的剩余期限对应的利率或收益率水平连成一条曲线，即为国债利...     

Inflation risk premia and the expectations hypothesis

We study the properties of the nominal and real risk premia of the term structure of interest rates. We develop and solve the bond pricing implications of a structural monetary version of a real business cycle model, with taxes and endogenous monetary policy. We show the relation of this model with the class of essentially affine models that incorporate an endogenous state-dependent market price of risk. We characterize and estimate the inflation risk premium and find that over the last 40 years the ten-year inflation risk premium has been has averaged 70 basis points. It is time-varying, ranging from 20 to 140 basis points over the business cycle and its term structure is sharply upward sloping. The inflation risk premium explains 23% (42%) of the time variation in the five (ten)-year forward risk premium and it plays an important role in help explain deviations from the expectations hypothesis of interest rates.     

The Term Structure of Real Rates and Expected Inflation

Changes in nominal interest rates must be due to either movements in real interest rates, expected inflation, or the inflation risk premium. We develop a term structure model with regime switches, time‐varying prices of risk, and inflation to identify these components of the nominal yield curve. We find that the unconditional real rate curve in the United States is fairly flat around 1.3%. In one real rate regime, the real term structure is steeply downward sloping. An inflation risk premium that increases with maturity fully accounts for the generally upward sloping nominal term structure.     

International reserves for emerging economies: A liquidity approach

The massive stocks of foreign exchange reserves, mostly held in the form of U.S. T-bonds by emerging economies, are still an important puzzle. Why do emerging economies continue to willingly loan to the United States despite the low rates of return? We suggest that a dynamic general equilibrium model incorporating international capital markets, characterized by decentralized trade and U.S. T-bonds as facilitators of trade, can provide one possible resolution to this question. Declining financial frictions in these over-the-counter (OTC) markets would generate rising liquidity premium on U.S. T-bonds, thereby causing low U.S. real interest rates. Meanwhile, the superior liquidity properties of the U.S. T-bonds would induce recipients of foreign investments, namely emerging economies, to hold more liquidity, that is U.S. T-bonds, in equilibrium. The prediction of our model is confirmed by an empirical simultaneous equations approach considering an endogenous relationship between OTC capital inflows and reserve holdings.     

Time-varying risk premium yield spread effect in term structure and global financial crisis: Evidence from Europe

The global financial crisis had a significant effect on the interest rates and the term structure of interest rates around the globe. In this paper we apply the GARCH-in-mean (GARCH-M) to study the effect of the global financial crisis on the term structure volatility, persistence of volatility, risk premium, and effects of the yield spread in five European markets; Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain (PIIGS). To the best of our knowledge this is the first such study in the field, and thus represents the main contribution of the paper to the literature. We investigate both the longer end and the shorter end of the term structure. We study two versions of the longer end based on the 10-year bond (long-term rate) and the two short-term rates, (three- and six-month rates). The shorter end of the term structure is based on the two short-term rates. Results indicate a substantial change in the term structure volatility, persistence of volatility, risk premium, and the effects of the yield spread due to the financial crisis. These results are found for both the longer end and the shorter end versions of the term structure.     

Mortgage timing

We study how the term structure of interest rates relates to mortgage choice at both household and aggregate levels. A simple utility framework of mortgage choice points to the long-term bond risk premium as distinct from the yield spread and the long yield as a theoretical determinant of mortgage choice: when the bond risk premium is high, fixed-rate mortgage payments are high, making adjustable-rate mortgages more attractive. We confirm empirically that the bulk of the time variation in both aggregate and loan-level mortgage choice can be explained by time variation in the bond risk premium, whether bond risk premia are measured using forecasters’ data, a vector autoregressive (VAR) term structure model, or a simple household decision rule based on adaptive expectations. The household decision rule moves in lock-step with mortgage choice, lending credibility to a theory of strategic mortgage timing by households.     

The Relation Between Default-Free Interest Rates and Expected Economic Growth Is Stronger Than You Think

The relation between default-free interest rates and expected economic growth is substantially stronger than suggested by extant literature. Futures-implied Treasury bill yield spreads are more highly correlated with future real consumption, investment, and GNP growth than spot spreads. This stronger relation arises because using futures removes a component of the spot term structure that covaries negatively with real economic growth. Treasury forward rates from spot bills contain a premium for the risk that short-sellers will default. This risk premium is negatively related to expected economic growth.     

Linear‐Rational Term Structure Models

We introduce the class of linear‐rational term structure models in which the state price density is modeled such that bond prices become linear‐rational functions of the factors. This class is highly tractable with several distinct advantages: (i) ensures nonnegative interest rates, (ii) easily accommodates unspanned factors affecting volatility and risk premiums, and (iii) admits semi‐analytical solutions to swaptions. A parsimonious model specification within the linear‐rational class has a very good fit to both interest rate swaps and swaptions since 1997 and captures many features of term structure, volatility, and risk premium dynamics—including when interest rates are close to the zero lower bound.     

ESTIMATING THE EQUITY RISK PREMIUM AND EQUITY COSTS: NEW WAYS OF LOOKING AT OLD DATA

This article examines three alternative ways of estimating the expected return on the equity market in using the CAPM or some other risk premium model. The three techniques are (1) direct estimation of the average nominal equity return for use as a forecast nominal equity return; (2) estimation of the average real equity return, which can then be added to a forecast inflation rate; and (3) estimation of an average equity risk premium, which is then added to a current risk-free rate. Ibbotson and Sinquefeld's data on annual holding period returns are used to test the validity of their assumption that the equity risk premium follows a random walk and that the third of these approaches is thus the best method.
The paper reaches three major conclusions. First, each of these three techniques involves a "bias" of some kind. The use of average equity returns as a forecast is subject to "risk-free rate" and "inflation rate" biases, while the use of an average equity risk premium is subject to a "term premium" bias. As a result, only the data can tell us which approach is best. Second, from analyzing equity and bond return data and the trend in interest rates, the author concludes that the term premium bias when using average historic equity risk premium is by far the largest of the three sources of bias. Indeed, the popular practice of adding an historic average equity risk premium to the 30-year Treasury bond rate significantly overstates equity costs. Third, after examining equity rates of return back to 1871, the author concludes that the real equity return seems to follow a process that is close to a random walk and is thus the "best" of the three techniques to use as a "naive" forecast.     

Equity yields

We study a new data set of dividend futures with maturities up to ten years across three world regions: the US, Europe, and Japan. We use these asset prices to construct equity yields, analogous to bond yields. We decompose the equity yields to obtain a term structure of expected dividend growth rates and a term structure of risk premia, which decomposes the equity risk premium by maturity. We find that the slope of the term structure of risk premia is pro-cyclical, whereas the slope of the term structure of expected dividend growth rates is counter-cyclical. The comovement of yields across regions is, on average, higher for long-maturity yields than for short-maturity yields, whereas the variation in this comovement is much higher for short-maturity yields.