支持企业自主创新的税收政策研究

自主创新是一个国家发展的灵魂,是一个民族进步的源泉动力.我国目前应该大力提升企业自主创新的能力,增强企业自主创新的动力.税收政策是被广泛采用的促进企业自主创新的手段,但目前存在诸多问题.如缺乏系统性、生产型增值税的制约、"特惠制"的税收政策时自主创新的不利之处等.完善支持企业自主创新的税收政策措施成为当务之急,建议通过一系列符合我国国情的促进企业自主创新的税收政策改革措施,旨在增强企业自主创新的能力和国际竞争力.     

激励企业自主创新的税收政策探讨

提升企业的自主创新能力,是各国关注的焦点和参与国际竞争的重要战略。在世界各国激励企业自主创新的优惠政策体系中,税收政策居于重要位置。近年来,我国陆续从多角度、多层面运用了税收优惠政策手段支持、鼓励企业开展创新活动,这些政策的实施在一定程度上激励了企业自主创新,促进了经济的发展。但我国税收政策在激励企业自主创新方面还存在诸多不足,如何解决这些问题是进一步完善我国税收政策的关键所在。     

提高企业自主创新的财政政策

1.加快企业体制改革,从制度上支持企业自主创新。一是深化国有企业体制改革。引入竞争机制,打破国有大型企业的垄断地位,完善公司治理结构,大力宣传企业自主创新,打造自主品牌的典型范例,激励企业家创新意愿和创新动力,强化企业自主创新的主体地位。二是研究支持企业自主创新的有关政策。要加大对自主创新的财政投入,实施激励自主创新的税收政策,实施支持自主创新的金融政策,发挥政府采购扶持自主创新的功能,实施有利于自主创新的技术引进政策。三是完善法律激励企业创新行为。要完善知识产权制度,强化知识产权保护,支持自主技术标准的形成…     

论中国高新技术企业自主创新能力

本文通过比较分析1995—2005期闻中国高科技产业中的三资企业和内资企业的R＆D投入和产出指标发现：内资高技术企业R＆D经费投入在逐年增加,但人均R＆D经费投入仍显不足：内资高技术企业自主创新能力在逐年提升,但R＆D产出效率偏低。研究表明,偏低的R＆D效率是制约内资企业自主创新能力提升的主要因素。     

促进自主创新的税收制度选择

税收制度是自主创新的一个重要的激励因素,合理、科学、系统的优惠政策能够有效引导、激励科技人员、科技企业的自主创新的热情。因而,运用税收政策,实施税收制度创新就是推动自主创新的现实选择。自主创新本身的特性决定了需要税收制度的支持,同时税收对人力资本的影响,税收对企业投入研发资本的影响决定了通过税收制度的激励,可以促进企业的自主创新水平。     

关于公共财政下促进企业自主创新税收政策选择的探讨

本文对我国现行促进企业自主创新的税收政策存在的问题及公共财政下促进企业自主创新的税收政策选择进行分析和阐述。     

外商直接投资对我国制造业自主创新投入的影响

本文利用2003—2007年我国28个制造行业的面板数据,检验了外商直接投资（FDI）参与度、FDI研发强度以及科技人员比重等因素对内资制造业自主创新投入的影响。结果表明上述三个因素对全部内资制造业的自主创新投入的影响并不显著。将制造业划分为高技术行业和一般行业,外资参与度对内资高技术行业研发强度的抑制程度要小于一般行业。外资研发强度对内资高技术行业研发强度的影响显著为负,对一般行业亦产生消极影响,但不显著。外资科技人员比重明显促进了高技术行业的自主创新投入,对低技术行业的研发支出强度产生负面影响,但统计上也不显著。上述结论意味着外资参与对内资自主创新投入的影响较为间接,需要关注直接影响内资自主创新投入的外资研发强度和外资科技人员比重等因素。内资企业要主动提高自主创新投入,形成自主创新能力,缩小和外资的技术差距。     

外商投资技术控制下内生技术能力的提高

通过对外商在华投资特征的研究发现,外商投资在华实施"独立形态运作,并逐渐发展形成相对完整的产业网络体系"和"技术标准"的技术控制战略,阻碍了外商企业与内资企业之间的技术联系,影响了外资技术扩散的效率。为此,有关政策制定部门应适当调整外资引进策略,有效引导外商的投资行为,鼓励其加强与内资企业技术合作;同时,内资企业也应该放弃依赖他人的技术行为,通过加强自主创新,提高内生技术能力,拥有自己的核心技术。     

FDI与自主研发:基于行业数据的经验研究

FDI的进入,究竟是刺激了内资企业自主创新的能力,还是使得本国企业过分依赖外国的技术,从而丧失了自主研发的能力?这在发展经济学和跨国公司理论的研究过程中始终是一个有争议的问题。有的学者看到了一些内资企业在外资的强大压力下被淘汰出局的事实,从而得出了“抑制论”的结论;主张FDI会提高内资企业自主研发能力的“促进论”认为,当FDI与当地公司在同一市场相互竞争时,当地公司为了在竞争中不处于劣势,必然增加研发经费,以提高企业的技术水平。本文收集了我国科技开放与FDI方面行业层面的面板数据,通过回归分析考察了FDI对我国民族企业自主创新能力的影响。我们的发现支持了“促进论”的观点。     

外商直接投资对中国高技术产业自主创新能力影响的实证分析

利用1999-2007年面板数据,就FDI对中国高技术产业自主创新能力的影响进行了量化分析,结果表明:(1)FDI在中国高技术产业存在技术外溢效应,并在一定程度上促进中国内资企业自主创新能力;(2)研发投入较之于人力资本投入在推动内资企业自主创新能力上,发挥着更为重要的作用.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。