欧盟等发达国家应对气候变化法律制度探析

人类应对气候变化进入关键时期,各国纷纷通过国内立法来履行《气候变化框架公约》及《京都议定书》所确定的共同但有区别的责任。欧美日国家应对气候变化的法律制度与我国的经济发展利益攸关,对我国参与国际气候谈判具有重大影响。我国尚未制定专门的气候变化法,应探析他国应对气候变化的立法经验,遵循科学发展观的理念,完善有中国特色的气候变化应对法律制度体系。     

应对气候变化的国际经验及其启示

工业化以来人类排放的温室气体引致的气候变暖,已成为国际社会中的一个热点话题。世界各国从立法、制定规划或国家行动方案、采用总量控制和交易等市场手段、技术研发和创新、成立专门机构等途径应对气候变化。随着外部压力的日益增加,我国应将应对气候变化摆到国内战略转型的重要位置,采取综合措施,加强国际合作,提高气候变化的应对能力,实现低碳发展转型。     

应对气候变化各国立法之比较与启示

人类应对气候变化已进入关键的时期，各国通过国内立法特别是应对气候变化专门性立法来履行《气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》所确定的共同但有区别的责任原则。各国应对气候变化立法表明，是否制定专门的气候变化法与一个国家现有的立法状况等没有直接的关联，而主要与其承担的国际义务、受气候变化影响的大小以及应对气候变化的态度有关。     

应对气候变化的跨境水资源国际管理实践及对中国的启示

跨界水资源利用与管理涉及流域国家之间资源分配、环境治理等问题,是国际社会广泛关注的重要议题。气候变化导致的水资源脆弱性进一步加剧了跨界水资源管理的复杂性。我国是亚洲大陆主要国际河流的发源地,如何合理开发跨界水资源,应对气候变化和保障水资源安全,是我国可持续发展面对的重大战略问题。文章对国际典型跨界水资源应对气候变化的管理政策及实践进行梳理,并从流域管理理念、体制机制建设、加强立法、关键研究问题方面对我国应对气候变化,完善跨界水资源管理提出了建议。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区林业碳汇基金的构想

气候变化作为人类社会可持续发展面临的重大挑战,受到国际社会越来越强烈的关注。中国政府充分意识到应对气候变化任务的艰巨性和迫切性。在联合国气候变化峰会上,胡锦涛主席向国际社会做出重大承诺：我国将大力增加森林碳汇,争取到2020年森林面积比2005年增加4000万公顷,森林蓄积量比2005年增加13亿立方米。达一承诺,明确了中国林业今后一个时期应对气候变化的目标。     

对气候变化，我们要做什么？

采取积极措施应对气候变化，既是全球可持续发展面临的严峻挑战之一，也是国际社会的共同责任。2009年11月，我国正式向国际社会宣布了我国未来的温室气体控制目标，即到2020年我国单位GDP二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40％～50％。为了应对气候变化，我国也已采取诸多措施与行动，集中体现在产业结构和能源结构调整、节能和提高能效等方面，例如：     

德国弃核策略对其减排目标的影响分析

如何减缓气候变化对人类社会的影响,已成为当今国际政治和环境外交的热点.研究典型国家特别是德国应对气候变化的态度、政策及行动,对于我国的气候谈判乃至国内政策的制定,具有重要的现实意义.本文首先对德国应对气候变化提出的短期、中期和长期目标进行阐述,通过深入分析德国放弃核能的主要成因及其影响,并剖析德国新能源领域、建筑领域和工业领域这三个被德国政府视为减排目标实现与否的关键领域的发展状况及相关法律政策的可操作性,从而对德国实现减排目标的可行性进行理性地预测.     

气候变化:风险评价与应对策略

本文总结了气候变化风险的主要表现特征,评价了气候变化对自然生态系统、社会系统和经济系统的影响,最后提出中国应从明确国家责任、制定应对方案规划、完善相关法规制度、制定经济政策和加强国际合作五个方面开展工作,应对气候变化风险的策略建议。     

中国农业低碳发展面临的困境与支持机制探索

在全球应对气候变化的大背景下,发展低碳经济已经成为世界经济社会变革的潮流,更是中国在可持续发展框架下应对气候变化的必然选择。而低碳农业则是低碳经济在农业发展中的实现形式。中国当前农业的低碳发展面临着严峻的挑战,存在诸多问题,针对这些问题,提出相应的对策,建议通过科学引导、调优结构、组织创新、加快立法和科技创新等方面来切实保障低碳农业的良好发展。     

美国应对气候变化政策新动向及其影响

奥巴马第二任期开始以来,美国政府在应对气候变化方面有一系列新动向,包括发布美国国家气候评估报告(草案)、力促相关行政措施出台、推动中美签署《中美应对气候变化联合声明》、针对德班平台谈判提出“轴辐式协议”全球气候治理框架等。一方面,由于国内政治因素的影响,美国的气候变化政策不会发生大的变化;另一方面,由于美国在全球经济、政治和外交中具有强大的综合实力,这些最新动向仍将对国际气候制度走向和全球低碳发展产生一定影响。我国在推动建立公平合理有效的国际气候制度和新型中美大国关系过程中,需谨慎权衡利弊,同时,从立法、财税、金融、标准、低碳技术研发与推广应用方面切实推进我国低碳发展。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...