太阳能采暖的优势与发展

我国的建筑能耗中,北方寒冷地区的采暖能耗占了相当大的比例.因此,建筑节能降耗以及可再生能源的利用引起人们的广泛重视.太阳能作为一种可再生的清洁能源,近年来在建筑中的利用受到关注.     

寒冷地区的居住建筑节能设计研究

节约能源是我国的基本国策,建设节约型社会是我们目前的主要发展方针,也是走可持续发展道路的重要途径.我国建筑用能已达到全国能源消费总量32%左右,建筑节能刻不容缓.我国北方城镇采暖能耗占全国建筑总能耗的36%,为建筑能源消耗的最大组成部分.单位面积采暖平均能耗折合标准煤为20kg/㎡·年,为北欧等同纬度条件下建筑采暖能耗的2~4倍.因此严寒寒冷地区也是我国建筑节能工作的重点.     

浅析采暖住宅建筑设计中的节能设计

建筑节能就是降低建筑使用能耗,提高能源利用效率,保护环境,需要大力提倡建筑节能.采暖住宅建筑节能是一项系统工程,涉及到建筑设计、设备设计、运行管理等方面,笔者就从建筑设计的角度浅析采暖住宅建筑的一些节能措施.     

住宅建筑中的节能技术应用

文章论述了住宅建筑节能技术的应用,从改善住宅建筑的室内热环境、提高住宅的保温隔热性能、提高能源利用效率、降低空调采暖和降温期间的建筑使用能耗,从而降低居民的用电量,改善城市的生态环境的方面进行了分析.     

建筑节能设计重要性的研究

建筑节能即在建筑中合理使用和有效利用能源,不断提高能源利用效率.建筑节能应包括采暖、空调、热水供应、炊事、照明、家用电器等方面的能耗.     

浅谈住宅单体建筑节能设计

一、前言 节能住宅需要通过对建筑的合理设计、合理选材.最大限度的把室内自然温度控制在人体舒适温度范围内,从而为居住者提供健康、舒适、环保的居住空间,降低建筑物的运行能耗. 二、建筑节能的概念 建筑节能是指在建筑物的规划设计、新建改建(扩建)和使用过程中,执行建筑节能标准,采用新型建筑节能材料和建筑节能技术、新工艺、新设备、新产品,提高围护结构的保温隔热性能和建筑物用能系统效率,利用可再生能源,在保证建筑物室内温度的前提下,减少供热采暖、空调照明、热水供应的能耗,并与可再生能源利用,保护生态平衡和改善人居环境紧密结合.     

浅谈民用建筑工程建筑节能的意义与技术措施

建筑节能,就是在建筑中使用保温材料及新型墙体材料,采用合理的采暖方式,达到节约能源、减少能耗、提高能源利用效率.建筑节能的主要技术措施有:节能建筑规划设计、增强围护结构的保温性能、采暖系统及采暖方式节能技术及新的采暖节能技术措施.     

建筑部门典型节能减排技术的成本效益分析

我国目前处于城市建设高峰期,随着城镇化水平和居民生活水平的提高以及新农村建设进程的不断加快,我国人均建筑能耗水平及总能耗和排放在未来一段时期内仍会有较大幅度的提高。文章首先回顾了我国目前建筑运行能耗的现状以及与主要发达国家能耗数据差异,指出我国建筑能耗具有较大的节能减排空间。其次总结了建筑部门节能减排技术的三个方面:提高围护结构的保温隔热性能、提高建筑供热制冷系统及建筑设备能效和开发利用可再生能源。进而基于减排潜力—成本曲线方法,以典型建筑节能减排技术为案例(用发光二极管取代效率较低的照明设备),进行减排成本核算分析,结果显示大规模应用发光二极管替代白炽灯具有良好的环境效益和经济效益。最后对我国未来建筑节能减排工作提出了若干政策建议。     

建筑节能技术探析

建筑节能在减少能耗的同时对减轻大气污染也有着积极作用.因为建筑采暖时会消耗大量能源,从而间接造成了大气污染.随着现代化建设的发展和人民生活水平的提高,舒适的建筑热环境日益成为人们生活的需要,而建筑节能则可以保护生态环境和提高建筑热环境的质量.因此,本文基于此简单对建筑节能技术进行了探析.     

基于节能视角下的建筑设计探析

建筑能耗包括建材生产能耗、建筑施工能耗和建筑使用能耗,其中建筑使用能耗占80-90%。 建筑使用能耗主要包括采暖、通风、空调、照明、炊事燃料、家用电气、热水供应等。建筑节能就是节约建筑物的能源消耗,减少能源损失,提高能源利用率。建筑节能工程关系到国计民生,意义十分重大;同时,对施工而言又是一个相对陌生的领域。施工人员必须加强学习建筑节能工程的相关知识,努力做好建筑节能工程施工工作,为我国的科学发展、和谐发展贡献力量。     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究

本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。