缩小收入分配差距建设社会主义和谐社会

社会主义和谐社会所需要的公平正义,其核心内容,就是利益分配平等,而缩小收入分配差距是实现社会公平的首要问题.当前,我国收入分配领域突出的问题是收入差距过大.要建设社会主义和谐社会,必须采取有力的政策措施缩小收入分配差距,调节收入分配关系.     

对我国收入分配差距的初步分析

近年来我国收入分配差距的扩大引起了社会的广泛关注。现阶段的收入差距是实现共同富裕过程中先富和后富的问题。还没有两极分化。我们要通过促进经济增长，在初次分配领域中贯彻按劳分配和按要素分配相结合的分配原则，充分发挥激励机制的作用，在再分配领域中强化国家政策对收入分配的宏观调控作用，缩小收入差距，最终实现共同富裕。     

区别对待收入分配领域的正常差距和分配不公

当前收入分配领域存在的主要问题是收入分配不公.收入分配中的正常差距在社会主义市场经济体制下是发展的动力,必须予以承认.对于违反了社会公平原则、损害了经济和社会和谐发展的非正常收入差距,需要政府在广泛听取人民群众呼声的前提下及时制定和修改相关的法律法规,从制度上保证分配正义和公民利益.     

怎样认识当前我国社会分配领域的收入差距问题

对我国当前社会分配领域收入差距问题要有个正确认识，首先要搞清我国社会分配领域收入差距的现状，并分析出我国收入差距产生原因。本文认为，在我国经济转型时期，社会分配领域收入差距的扩大既有积极的层面，也有消极的层面，不能一概而论。因此，处理我国社会分配领域的收入差距问题，既要考虑市场经济的分配原则，也要考虑社会主义的分配原则，不断地完善我国的分配制度和再分配制度。     

浅析现阶段我国收入分配中的公平问题

现阶段,我国收入差距不断拉大,收入分配不公平的问题已经凸现,严重影响了社会主义和谐社会的发展.要解决收入分配存在的问题,必须正确理解公平原则,切实有效地采取措施调节收入分配,在分配领域特别是在再分配领域中更加注重公平,逐步实现公平与效率有机的、动态的结合,促进社会的和谐发展.     

我国收入分配差距问题的浅析

改革开放30多年来,我国社会主义现代化建设取得了辉煌的成就,经济迅猛发展,人民生活水平普遍提高,城乡居民的个人可支配收入大幅增长.但在经济迅速发展的同时,仍存在一些不稳定因素,特别是在收入分配领域.收入差距不断加大,已经成为我们不得不面对的事实,我国已成为世界上收入差距扩大速度最快的国家.本文就经济发展过程中产生的收入分配差距的问题进行分析,研究收入分配差距形成的原因、影响及对策.     

浅谈改革和完善收入分配制度

我国目前是世界上收入分配差距最大的国家之一,收入差距的持续扩大,影响社会主义和谐社会的构建.目前,我国收入分配领域出现的问题主要表现在收入差距不断扩大、分配不公、分配秩序比较混乱、分配格局不合理,造成这种状况的深层原因取决于改革开放以来我们选择的主要靠投资拉动经济增长模式.改革和完善收入分配制度需要关注初次分配的公平,更应该把着力点放在对再分配政策的调整上.     

国外调节收入分配差距的经验及启示

收入差距与社会稳定、经济发展之间具有高度相关性。收入差距小的国家,收入分配公平,社会保障制度完善,福利水平高,社会都较稳定;收入差距较大的国家,如果实施了较为完善的社会保障制度体系和收入分配调节政策,社会也可能不出现大的动荡;收入差距巨大的国家,如果收入分配调节政策和社会保障制度也滞后,就会对经济社会发展产生较大的负面影响,严重者会发生社会动荡和政治频繁更迭。本文分别研究了国外收入差距状况不同类型国家的收入分配状况,并对这些国家调节收入分配差距的政策措施进行了归纳总结,从而为我国调节收入分配差距的理论与实践提供积极的借鉴作用。     

分配领域中如何体现社会公平

针对当前收入分配差距的迅速扩大而导致的不公平问题,通过分析其原因提出如何正确看待收入分配差距和社会公平,以及如何在分配领域中更好地体现社会公平。     

经济增长对收入分配的影响分析

收入分配不公是一个复杂的经济问题和社会问题,是多方面因素共同作用的结果.这些因素包括我国坚持"效率优先,兼顾公平"分配原则、市场经济下的资源配置、政府在经济转型期的职能的不适当使用等.这些原因既受社会、政治、经济等等多方面因素的影响,又反应了我国当前收入分配体制和某些政策存在的缺陷.随着生活水平的不断提高,社会居民的收入分配问题也格外引人注目.不断拉大的收入差距不仅影响到民众整体生活水平的提高,对于社会经济的可持续发展也产生诸多不利影响.面对现阶段由于收入分配差距过大而产生的诸多社会矛盾,为了缩小收入分配差距,之前,很多学者已经研究了影响收入分配差距大小的三个方面,分别为,政府制度因素,资源分配因素,历史、人口因素.本文用GDP 来衡量经济增长,用基尼系数来衡量收入分配,分析二者的关系,来了解分析了经济增长是如何对收入分配产生影响的,得到结果是收入分配与经济增长成反比关系.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究

本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。