资源性农业废弃物循环利用绩效的区域差异问题研究——以农户基质化为例

利用三阶段DEA模型,剔除外部环境因素和统计噪声的影响,测度农业生产废弃物循环利用绩效,并对各决策单元的技术效率进行分解,寻找循环利用效率较低的主因,并在此基础上探讨了区域绩效差异及原因.得出以下结论:①规模效率较低是导致资源性农业废弃物循环利用效率较低的主要原因.具体来看,农业废弃物基质化循环利用的综合效率均值仅为0.4089,还有59.11％的提升空间,纯技术效率均值高达0.9701,表现良好,规模效率均值仅为0.4215,成为农业废弃物循环利用效率较低的主因.②区域资源性农业废弃物循环利用绩效存在差异性,未剔除环境变量及统计噪声影响下,区域资源性农业废弃物循环利用绩效排序为:福建＞山东＞湖北＞河南;剔除环境变量及统计噪声影响后,且优劣排序为河南＞福建＞山东＞湖北,环境变量及经营环境与运气差异是重要原因.据此,提出了相应的对策建议.     

农业固体废弃物是废物吗?

农业固体废弃物既是污染源,也是一种潜力巨大的资源。对农业固体废弃物的资源化利用不仅可以消除污染,改善农村环境,还可以创造经济效益,实现农业的可持续发展。农业固体废弃物主要包括植物秸秆、畜禽粪便和农业塑料等。农业固体废弃物中含有大量的氮、磷等营养物质,是营养丰富的有机质,可以被多种废弃物资源化技术所利用,主要包括肥料化、饲料化、能源化和原料化四个方面。肥料化,植物秸秆和畜     

西部地区农业废弃物可利用潜力及环境效益研究北大核心

西部地区农业废弃物资源丰富,其资源化利用不仅能解决自身带来的环境污染问题,而且也发挥着节能减排的重要作用。通过对2007—2018年西部地区农业废弃物进行研究,测算出农作物秸秆和畜禽粪污可利用潜力及资源环境效益。西部地区农业废弃物可利用量资源丰富,农作物秸秆和畜禽粪污的年平均可利用量分别为16363.40万t、62375.57万t;2007—2018年西部地区农业废弃物的肥料化潜力在827.47万~1201.18万t之间,可替代化肥施用纯量的比率在60.00%~72.44%之间,其肥料化效益显著;西部地区农作物秸秆带来的能源化效益远大于畜禽粪污,2018年将其农业废弃物能源化利用可减少天然气消耗842.59亿m^(3),是该区域能源消耗量的1.05倍;若将2018年西部地区焚烧的秸秆和畜禽粪污资源化利用,分别可最多减少温室气体排放6224.62万吨CO_(2)、19038.75万吨CO_(2),能带来较大的环境减排效益。因此,推进农业废弃物资源化利用对西部地区缓解资源压力和环境污染具有重要意义。     

我国农业废弃物资源化问题探讨

农业面源污染日趋加剧,农村环境形势严峻,农业废弃物没有合理利用是造成面源污染的主要原因。农业废弃物资源化产业发展是农村环境保护的经济选择。农业废弃物资源化形成产业体系,能充分体现出经济价值,环境价值及社会效益,将对我国“三农”形成全方位的影响,对节能减排工作提供一种新思路,而且是我国未来能源产业新的增长点。     

中国财政对农业投入的社会效益与生态效益评价

农业是一外部性较为明显的产业,财政对农业投入效益更多地表现为社会效益和生态效益.分析评价财政对农业投入的社会效益和生态效益,有助于政府及时调整财政对农业投入的方向、结构和资金使用管理办法,不断优化财政的农业投入政策.     

资源综合利用与环保产业

农业废弃物再生利用模式1.秸秆的综合利用。农业废弃物综合利用是循环经济的方向之一。通过发展循环经济,化废为利,使之用做燃料、饲料、肥料和工业原料,对于推动可持续农业发展具有重大的现实意义。国内形成了很多的农业废弃物综合利用模式,农业产区均有很多很好的实践经     

中国农业秸秆资源化技术及产业发展分析

简要分析了我国农业秸秆类固废的资源化利用现状,介绍了我国秸秆处理技术在部分地区的应用情况,总结了目前我国秸秆资源化进程中所存在的问题和困难.将我国秸秆类生物质固废资源化技术进行归类,分析了秸秆饲料化技术、秸秆肥料化技术、秸秆建材及化工技术、生物质材料技术和生物质能转化技术的环境和经济效益.简要分析了生物质产业在我国经济转型期所处的角色,及其对我国经济发展和环境保护的战略意义,并结合我国的经济、能源、粮食和环境方面的现状,得出我国生物质产业的几个发展方向,并对其发展进行了初步的探索和分析.     

低碳经济范式下能源消费结构的优化研究

能源结构的优化和调整是我国能源战略的核心,也是低碳经济顺利实现的重要保证。从能源消费产生的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益等角度出发,构建了综合评价能源消费结构优化程度的指标体系及评价模型,为科学评价能源消费结构的优化程度、合理制定政策提供了理论依据。     

规模生猪养殖场(户)粪污处理模式及综合效益评价——基于河北省的实地调研

基于对243个规模生猪养殖场(户)的实地调研,文章对样本养殖场清粪工艺、粪污处理设施建设情况进行分析,从降低畜禽养殖废弃物化学需氧量(COD)、提高氨氮去除率视角,对规模生猪养殖场粪污处理模式进行界定,并运用熵权综合评价法对样本养殖场综合效益进行评价。结果表明,生猪养殖场粪污/沼液沼渣资源化利用方式单一,主要为还田;粪污处理设施一次性投入较大,降低了养殖场购建积极性;生猪养殖规模经济效应显著,大规模养殖场投入产出比显著高于中规模养殖场和专业户;大规模养殖场经济效益、社会效益及综合效益均显著高于中规模养殖场及专业户,但专业户的生态效益平均值最高。     

基于循环经济的工业废弃物资源化模式的社会效益评价

本文从宏观、中观和微观层面上介绍了基于循环经济的工业废弃物的三种资源化模式,即基于清洁生产、基于生态工业园区和基于社会层面的工业废弃物资源化模式,并针对这三种模式建立起了AHP模型,利用层次分析法,重点对这三种资源化模式的社会效益进行了评价,以便在实施工业废弃物资源化最佳方案时为决策者提供依据,具有现实意义。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。