基于产品生命周期制药企业产品生态设计探析

现代医药产业和医药技术在高速发展的同时也带来了一些新的问题。很多医药生产企业所排放的气体、污水等已成为很多地区区域性疾病产生的主要原因。这要求制药企业重视产品生态设计,实现医药企业的可持续发展。文章针对制药企业提出加强产品生态设计是实施生态工程实现科学发展的微观举措,产品生态设计需要在生命周期分析(LCAl,ife cycle assessment)基础上考虑产品生产、销售、消费、报废后处理等问题,以促进物质循环与生态平衡。制药企业在产品生态设计中可以实施PDCA的运行模式,并处理好企业生态战略与外部环境的关系。     

生态标志及生态产品推广问题研究

在对生态标志与生态产品的概念和内涵进行梳理的基础上,通过针对生态标志认知以及生态产品消费情况的问卷调查,观察各类消费者的生态意识和生态消费行动,分析了生态产业的发展依赖于生态产品的推广和消费,生态标志的作用关键,并提出了推进产业生态化发展的建议.     

浅谈工业企业产品生态设计与规划

工业企业产品生态设计及规划是可持续发展的客观要求,也是工业企业存在发展的需要。我国的工业企业,尤其是大型国有企业要健康、持续发展也必须高度重视产品生态设计及规划。本文就此进行了初步探索,提出了工业企业必须树立市场位与生态位并重的观念,重视生态产品的设计与开发,遵循生态设计的基本准则,科学地制定生态规划,实施生态工程的思想。     

基于产业生态学的产品生态设计原理、方法

本文阐述了产品生态设计的原理和方法。产品生态设计以产业生态学为基本原理,将生态因素、环境因素融入产品的设计之中,实行产品生态设计战略。产品生态设计包括产品生态识别、产品生态诊断、产品生态定义和生态产品评价4个步骤。     

废报纸的再利用设计

废报纸的再利用设计本质上是一种补偿性生态设计。补偿性生态设计,是一种基于生态理念,对传统工业社会经济的补偿性设计方法,它要求人们运用生态学规律指导人类社会的经济活动,从而在坚持循环利用的基础上使经济按全新模式发展。其主要原则是著名的3R法则(reduce、recycle、reuse)。在传统工业社会经济中,物质流动以一种“资源—产品—污染排放”的模式进行。在这种经济模式中,人们以越来越快的速度开发地球上有限的资源,然后通过加工和消费,释放出大量的污染物和废弃物,它直接导致了自然资源的枯竭,并已经酿成了灾难性的生态后果,而补偿性…     

我国中小型制造企业产品生态设计现状及问题

以我国中小型制造企业为对象,着眼于产品生态设计,调研并分析了企业外部环境对产品生态设计的引导和扶持状况;梳理了企业内部对生态设计的认知、设计资源储备等相关因素,并从外包型和自主型两种方式探讨了目前我国中小制造企业产品生态设计运行的模式;总结了当前企业生态设计中存在的主要问题并对其原因进行了分析。     

工业固废资源化产品生态设计方法及实证研究北大核心CSSCI

基于现有产品生态设计方法及相关标准,针对工业固废资源化产品存在的质量问题以及重金属、残留酸碱等环境风险问题,建立了一套适用于该产品的生态设计方法。重点分析了资源化过程中毒害组分的控制体系、固废资源属性和评价指标体系。进而应用该方法对粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥(70%熟料+30%粉煤灰)进行产品生态设计,并对其进行产品生命周期评价。评价表明,生态设计的单位粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥的环境影响小于单位硅酸盐水泥,且其毒害组分含量符合相应法规和标准的要求。     

工业固废资源化产品生态设计方法及实证研究

基于现有产品生态设计方法及相关标准,针对工业固废资源化产品存在的质量问题以及重金属、残留酸碱等环境风险问题,建立了一套适用于该产品的生态设计方法。重点分析了资源化过程中毒害组分的控制体系、固废资源属性和评价指标体系。进而应用该方法对粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥(70%熟料+30%粉煤灰)进行产品生态设计,并对其进行产品生命周期评价。评价表明,生态设计的单位粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥的环境影响小于单位硅酸盐水泥,且其毒害组分含量符合相应法规和标准的要求。     

浅谈生态设计原理在城市景观设计中的作用

随着城市化进程加剧,相应的问题也随之而来.人类活动造成的城市景观破碎化已成为众多环境问题的根源.城市景观设计的发展必须针对这一问题做出回应,满足人类日益增长的亲近自然的需要.利用生态设计原理,对城市的景观设计谈了一些见解和看法,说明了生态设计不是一种奢侈,而是必须;生态设计是一个过程,不是产品;生态设计更是一种伦理.     

西南地区发展生态产品存在的问题与对策研究

对于大西南地区这样一个生态宝库来说,发展生态产品具有先天优势,也存在许多问题。主要表现为:第一类生态产品地域性短缺与潜在性生产能力下降并存;第二类生态产品中的农林产品获得生态标签的竞争激烈,并且过分依赖第一类生态产品,抗风险能力低;第二类生态产品中的工业品生产缺乏必要的技术和政策支撑,独立开展生态设计难度较大。最后,提出了增强生态产品生产能力的若干建议,包括生态保护、消费引导、增加生态认证、试点工业产品的生态设计、开展国际生态交流等。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。