改进现有废品回收反向物流体系的初步思路——以厦门市思明区废品回收为例

废品回收在社会经济发展中占据越来越重要的地位,厦门市思明区现有的废品回收体系是一个四级反向物流体系,存在着个体废品收购者无人管理,＂以偷为卖＂;废品回收点布局杂乱和管理失控等诸多问题。运用重心法和VSP节约里程法重建一套新型的废品回收优化方案,降低废品回收的成本,增加利润,以其规范思明区的废品回收产业,并且能改善和美化环境。如果增加的收入能合理地分配给个体废品收购者,就能改善他们的工作环境和收入,辅之以必要的监管措施,就能让整个行业良性规范地运行。     

A flexible inventory model for municipal solid waste recycling

State laws mandate the recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) across most of the United States. In order to comply, municipalities recycle quotas of materials, generally without regard to fluctuating prices. An inventory system is proposed that allows municipalities to be sensitive to materials prices as they recycle in accordance with state mandates. A dynamic model is developed that uses historical secondary material prices as exogenous inputs to minimize the net present value of MSW recycling system cost. The model provides a cost effective method for municipalities to achieve their MSW recycling targets. The savings is approximately $1.28 per ton of MSW generated as based on total MSW management costs of $13.5 per ton. The model also allows one to investigate the effectiveness of various strategies for increasing the recycling rate, including reducing the transportation cost for recyclables, supporting the market price of selected secondary materials, and landfill bans on selected materials. Our proposed model may also be used to investigate the effect of market price changes on the portfolio of materials held in inventory for recycling.     

专业处理企业处理电子废弃物模式中回收主体的选择

目前对电子废弃物的回收、处理和资源化利用问题的研究已经成为全世界关注的课题。通过比较生产企业回收、销售商回收、专业回收企业回收、专业处理企业回收四种不同回收主体的优劣．为专业回收企业选择适宜的回收主体提供参考。     

我国餐厨垃圾回收体系的研究现状分析

餐厨垃圾既有污染环境的危害性,又有可利用的资源性,因此为保护环境,实现经济的绿色发展,需要对餐厨垃圾回收体系的建立进行探讨。本文在对相关文献进行综述性研究的基础上,详细描述了我国餐厨垃圾回收体系的理论研究现状,并分析了在实践过程中,我国餐厨垃圾回收体系构建的特点和趋势。     

废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫生产仿木建材技术研究

文章介绍了废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫回收、再生、改性、应用的原理和工艺技术,重点介绍了废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫生产仿木建材技术,并对国内外同类技术进行了比较,介绍了生产过程的三废治理措施,对典型回收规模作出了经济效益分析,结果表明:利用废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫生产仿木建材项目具有广阔的市场前景和良好的社会经济效益。     

纺织服装企业逆向物流服务集成平台的构建

在阐述废旧纺织品逆向物流特点的基础上,对纺织服装业逆向物流的信息体系结构进行深入研究,开发一个适合纺织服装业逆向物流的服务集成平台以支持废旧纺织品的回收和再生。该系统包括逆向物流运营管理系统、企业间逆向物流交易管理系统和逆向物流公共信息服务平台三个子系统,具有废旧产品物料分类管理、库存管理、运输管理、再利用跟踪管理、客户资源管理、决策支持、物流交易管理、配送管理、数据仓库与数据挖掘等功能。     

Reevaluating waste as a resource under a circular economy approach from a system perspective: Findings from a case study

The circular economy (CE), definable as a system focused on the reorganization of material, information, and energy flows to achieve greater resource efficiency through the reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling of materials, is a concept widely discussed by practitioners and scientists of many disciplines. Waste recycling is integral to the CE, but there are still few articles focused on waste, and only few studies shed light on CE implementation at the company level. This paper focuses on a particular type of waste, that is, absorbent hygiene products (AHPs), which represents a nonnegligible fraction of municipal solid waste, considered an increasingly serious global challenge. We conducted our analysis on FaterSMART, an Italian firm that developed a unique worldwide technology able to totally convert AHP raw material wastes into recyclable materials, under a CE approach. The case study findings are based upon semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and analysis of FaterSMART's archival documents and are analyzed according to a framework developed for the research and focused on the place of waste from a linear economy, in which waste is considered a burden to CE, in which waste is considered a resource. The latter case is what we found that happens at FaterSMART. FaterSMART's findings could contribute to open up new management scenarios and stimulate further research into how this and similar types of technology will help societies to change from the “use-it-once-and-throw-it away” mentality of linear business models to the sustainable CE model that fully conceptualize waste as a resource for the system.     

The impact of matching mission preferences on well-being at work

A recent literature in economics assumes that workers differ in their mission preferences. These studies predict a premium on the matching of mission preferences between a worker and employer. This paper uses data from the Dutch LISS panel to examine this prediction for government workers. Results show that government workers report higher satisfaction with the type of work they do when their political preferences match those of the political parties in office as compared to when their political preferences do not match. A match of political preferences has no effect on the work type satisfaction of workers employed outside the government sector.     

Linking forward and reverse supply chain investments: The role of business uncertainty

This paper explores managerial efforts in reverse supply chains (RSC), where the focus is on the capture and exploitation of used products and materials. The RSC can potentially reduce negative environmental impacts of extracting virgin raw materials and waste disposal. If so, investment in the reverse supply chain should not be made in isolation, but instead must be integrated with investments selected to improve the forward supply chain. After defining and operationalizing these constructs, a survey of plant managers was used to empirically assess the linkages between supply chain investments, organizational risk propensity (i.e., willingness to take risk) and business uncertainty. Reverse supply chain investment had two primary dimensions: reconditioning (i.e., high-value recovery) and recycling and waste management (i.e., low- or no-value recovery). Ongoing investment in the forward supply chain was significantly related to investment in recycling and waste management, but not to investment in reconditioning. Moreover, risk propensity was found to mediate the relationship between the external business uncertainty and investment in the forward and reverse supply chain.     

循环经济视角下区域电子废弃物逆向物流运作管理研究

在提倡循环经济、可持续发展的今天,电子废弃物的回收物流研究就显得尤为重要。文中结合电子废弃物的特征,从湖州市的基本现状出发,分析了循环经济视角下湖州市电子废弃物逆向物流运作关键因素,研究了政府在区域电子废弃物逆向物流管理政策。最终提出了区域电子废弃物逆向物流的治理与优化的方案,并对湖州电子废弃物逆向物流体系的建立提出了具体的可操作的对策建议。     

How can domestic households become part of the solution to England's recycling problems?

A waste disposal problem of looming proportions, coupled with a lack of sufficient public engagement in the preferred alternative to disposal, which is recycling, continues to perplex English policy‐makers. Based on both a literature review across a wide range of disciplines and a national survey of consumer attitudes towards their own participation in recycling, this paper finds that past efforts at increasing recycling have been based on an implied model of consumer recycling behaviour that is not supported by what happens in practice. By disentangling thinking about recycling behaviour from academic thinking about green consumerism, the paper considers the waste and recycling problem from a different angle. It suggests that research on the personal values of people who recycle could be utilized in marketing communications that show these values being fulfilled by recycling. Focusing greater marketing attention on people who already claim to recycle, and helping them through better communication and improved practical help, could achieve much higher levels of reclaimed materials. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

西咸新区建筑垃圾处理及回收利用研究

我国有大量大型建设项目,并在建筑与装修过程中产生大量固体建筑垃圾。建筑垃圾约占我国城市垃圾总量的40%,许多建筑垃圾被直接运往郊区,在不做任何处理的情况下投放至露天垃圾场,对自然环境直接产生恶劣影响。目前,我国非常重视生态环境,并正在对建筑垃圾处理与回收进行科学研究。论文首先对建筑垃圾处理现状进行分析,之后基于建筑垃圾的合理处理与回收方式,指明有利于西咸新区建筑垃圾处理及利用方式发展的策略。     

城市生活垃圾资源化政府最优补贴博弈分析

城市生活垃圾资源化能够带来巨大的经济效益、环境效益与社会效益,是贯彻国家绿色发展理念的必经之路。城市生活垃圾资源化体系的持续发展需要政府补贴作为保障,减少资源化产品与同类非资源化产品的价格差异,弥补相关企业投入产出不匹配的矛盾。本文基于社会福利最大化理论,将政府补贴作为决策变量,构建各利益主体之间的价格博弈模型,确定政府最优补贴额度和其他主体的最优决策,并根据结论提出相关建议。研究表明:要实现整体效益最大化,政府需要在不同环节采取不同的补贴方式与补贴额度。     

广州大学城废弃物回收处理的现状及其问题分析

界定了广州大学城废弃物基本概念，分析了广州大学城废弃物类型和特性。通过对广州大学城的深入调查，分析了广州大学城废弃物回收处理的现状，并分析发现，其存在缺乏现代物流理念和对逆向物流的认识、各利益主体协作不充分和废弃物回收网络不健全等三个方面的问题。     

政府基金政策下电器电子产品再制造闭环供应链决策

为分析我国现有废弃电器电子产品回收处理相关政策对其闭环供应链决策的影响,分别构建有政府基金政策、无政府基金政策两种情况下废弃电器电子产品回收再制造闭环供应链决策模型,探讨政府基金政策设置的环境税和回收处理补贴力度对闭环供应链各成员最优决策和利润的影响。结果表明:政府征收环境税越高,新产品批发价格和零售价格越高,市场需求量越低。政府补贴力度越大,废弃电器电子产品回收价格越高,回收量越高。     

我国城市生活垃圾管制政策的实践回顾——主题演变和简要评述

通过对二十多年来我国城市生活垃圾管制政策主题的回顾归纳,认为我国垃圾管制政策的演变可分为四个阶段。其主题演变可以归纳为责任的转移过程:一是垃圾末端治理责任从政府向社会转移,二是垃圾整合管理责任从政府向社会转移。今后,政策进一步演变的重心和主旋律将体现在三方面:一是从垃圾末端治理走向垃圾整合管理,二是垃圾管理责任的再明确,三是从命令控制型政策向激励性政策的历史性转变。     

GEOGRAPHIES OF EXCLUSION: Reproducing Dispossession and Erasure within a Waste Picker Organization in Mumbai

A rich seam of waste scholarship already addresses the exclusion faced by informal waste workers as cities in the global South undergo spatial transformations to become ‘world class’. However, less attention has been paid to how state practices have reproduced inequalities within and across waste picker communities. Drawing upon eleven months of ethnographic research at Mumbai's Deonar dump site, this article maps the practices through which waste workers have responded to their exclusion following a massive fire in 2016. It demonstrates that social exclusion is experienced differently by different members of the community and calls for a greater focus on heterogeneity amongst waste workers. Multi-dimensional vulnerabilities manifest through these workers’ deal-making strategies, while simultaneously mirroring the conditions of marginality produced by the state. The article contributes to debates on marginality by employing the lens of erasure to show how exclusion relies on the optics of visibility and invisibility. By unpicking the hierarchical structure within one waste worker organization, the article argues that the state-led mandate for garbage-free cities in India disproportionately affects those located at the margins of marginalized groups.     

快递包装的“互联网+”回收模式创新及实施策略

借鉴废弃家电产品回收模式,探讨快递包装回收策略,采用类比法,引入“互联网+”思维和互联网技术,构建了回收企业主导、快递企业主导和基于押金制的3种回收模式,并从政府、企业和消费者三维视角提出了实施“互联网+”回收的策略。     

废旧电池回收技术与再次开发

现在,人们的环保意识有了很大提高,比如北京、上海等城市已经安置了废电池投放专用桶。相信不久的将来,废电池回收利用的问题必定会得到很好的解决。现介绍了废旧电池回收技术,论述了废旧电池的再次开发。相信今后废旧电池回收处理技术会越来越多、越来越成熟。