中国企业会计准则建设、趋同、实施与等效的经验

一、中国会计准则建设与趋同的经验(一)目标明确,顺时应势。2005年年初,根据当时国际国内的形势,即经济全球化已经进入一个新的发展阶段、中国经济的市场化和开放程度大大提升、会计国际化的需求日益迫切,欧盟各成员国开始全面推行国际财务报告准则,会计准则国际趋同已是大势所趋。根据这一形势,中国财政部果断决策,大力推进中国会计准则建设及其国际趋同步伐,提出:利用一年左右的时间,在     

企业会计准则国际趋同的“中国特色”

随着经济全球化和资本市场国际化的迅速发展,国际社会对会计准则国际化的要求越来越强烈,我国也在积极地朝着会计准则国际趋同的方向努力.但会计准则国际趋同不是完全的、一步到位的照搬.趋同是一个渐进的过程,也是一个双向互动的过程.因此,我国会计准则在与国际准则实质性趋同的同时,也保留了中国特色,所制定的会计准则进一步完善了既符合我国国情又适应国际会计发展的高质量的会计准则体系.     

中国企业会计准则体系：架构、趋同与等效

中国企业会计准则体系是总结我国会计改革经验、借鉴国际财务报告准则的结果，既符合中国经济发展的实际需要．又得到国际社会的广泛认同。中国企业会计准则属于国家法规体系的组成部分，重点规范了会计要素和主要经济业务事项的确认、计量和报告，兼顾了会计记录的要求．除了极个别问题尚存一定差异以外，准则体系已实现了与国际准则的实质性趋同，为实现与世界主要经济体的会计准则等效奠定了坚实的基础。[编者按]     

我国会计准则国际趋同走向纵深阶段——《中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续趋同路线图》解读

<正>2010年4月2日,财政部发布了《中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续趋同路线图》(以下简称路线图)。路线图的发布是在总结我国多年会计改革成就与经验的基础上,结合最近国际国内形势发展的需要,为进一步深化会计改革,推动我国企业会计准则建设及其持续国际趋同而做出的重要规划和部署,意义重大,影响深远。     

论我国企业会计准则的国际趋同

本文分析了企业会计准则国际趋同的必要性、现状、存在障碍以及发展对策,以供参考。     

中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续趋同路线图

<正>(2010年4月2日)会计准则国际趋同是一个国家经济发展和适应经济全球化的必然选择。中国企业会计准则已于2005年实现了与国际财务报告准则的趋同。2008年国际金融危机爆发后,二十国集团(G20)峰会、金融稳定理事会(FSB)倡议建立全球统一的高质量会     

新时期下国际会计趋同形势和我国企业会计准则国际趋同的策略选择

在世界经济全球一体化和资本流动国际化背景下,国际经济贸易迅速发展,大量跨国公司纷纷壮大,会计准则国际趋同已成为全球经济发展的必然趋势,目前我国建立并执行的会计准则基本在内容上实现了国际趋同。本文简述新时期下国际会计趋同形势的现状,介绍我国会计准则国际趋同的发展历程,并对我国企业会计准则国际趋同的策略选择进行相关探讨。     

我国企业会计准则国际趋同的策略选择

我国企业会计准则国际趋同的策略选择已经成为当下研究的热点问题,而在当前的国际会计趋同的形势发展当中,会计的国际化发展也已经成为必然的发展趋势。因此,我国要快速的发展经济,就要完全与国际的经济形势及潮流相融合,只有这样才会使我国企业会计准则国际趋同做出正确的策略选择。本文对当前国际会计趋同形势与我国企业会计准则国际趋同的策略选择进行了合理分析,并提出了以下的观点。     

财政部关于印发中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续趋同路线图的通知

国务院有关部委、有关直属机构。各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅（局）,新疆生产建设兵团财务局： 我国企业会计准则已与国际财务报告准则实现趋同,应对金融危机、响应G20倡议,建立全球统一的高质量会计准则已成为各国共识。为此,我部制定了《中国企业会计准则与国际财务报告准则持续趋同路线图》,现予公布。希望有关方面按照路线图的要求,结合我国新兴市场和转型经济国家的实际情况,更加深入地参与国际财务报告准则的制定,积极推进我国会计准则持续国际趋同,为建立全球统一的高质量会计准则作出贡献。     

A股H股收益率和波动率研究

H股作为中国证券市场的一个有效补充,对中国吸引外资,促进国外投资者了解中国企业起到了极大的作用.考虑到H股市场得到信息的快捷性和准确性,本文重点研究了A股和H股之间收益率和波动率的关系,根据A股和B股相关研究和最后数据实证分析我们发现A股和H股两个市场的收益率并没有显著差异,然而H股的波动率却显著高于A股的波动率.而后对造成此结果的原因也进行了一些分析.     

The Impact of IFRS Convergence on the Effectiveness of Accounting Information for Share Valuation: Evidence from the Mainland of China

This study examines whether the reconciliation amounts between IFRS and PRC GAAP provide additional incremental value-relevant information. More specifically, it investigates whether firms applying IFRS experience an increase in the quality of accounting information in the post-IFRS convergence period. Results show that IFRS convergence increases the values of balance-sheet items and enlarges variation across firms. Moreover, there is no difference in the explanatory power of value relevance of accounting information under IFRS and PRC GAAP for share prices and returns of A-shares. The incremental value relevance analysis suggests that the IFRS adjustments to earnings are value relevant, whereas the adjustments to book values are not. The IFRS adjustments to change in inventory are value relevant for predicting future operating cash flows. Finally, accounting quality improved in post-convergence period. These results are robust after controlling for the unique characteristics of Chinese firms.     

交叉上市、股价反应与投资者预期——基于H股回归A股的经验研究

随着金融自由化和全球化的迅猛发展,跨境交叉上市已经成为国际金融市场的一大亮点和金融研究的一大主题。本文针对H股企业回归A股交叉上市对原上市地股价影响的考察发现:H股公司在A股市场招股之前通常有一个较大的涨幅,累计超额收益在招股日达到最大,之后逐渐下降。这一结果虽然与国际市场交叉上市有着相似的股价反应,但其背后却蕴含着不同的预期。H股投资者之所以对公司回归A股前抱有如此乐观的预期,关键之处并非源于公司治理水平的改善,而主要是源于H股回归A股意味着高溢价发行将为公司带来更加廉价的资本,以及由此将使其所持股票的权益资产快速增加的预期,但这种回归A股高发行溢价的背后,付出的却是内地投资者投资形成的净资产被稀释的代价,因此对国内投资者的保护应该成为交叉上市监管的一项重要内容。     

Real Output Convergence and Trade Openness: Fuzzy Clustering and Time Series Evidence

In the now extensive literature on the convergence of real per capita output across countries over time, there is surprisingly little attention paid to the role of international trade. Some recent studies have illustrated that standard trade theories provide no clear prediction as to the impact of trade liberalization on output convergence. These studies have also provided somewhat ambiguous empirical evidence regarding this relationship, under-scoring the need for additional results in this area. This paper uses both standard and new approaches to testing for convergence in order to explore the extent to which the degree of trade openness may affect output convergence among countries. Using annual time-series data for 88 countries from the Penn World Table, we obtain somewhat mixed results, but on balance they are quite supportive of a positive relationship (though not necessarily causality) between trade openness and output convergence. Our results also suggest certain directions for further research that would shed more light on this important issue.     

The Evolving Economic Role of Accounting Standards： Evidence from Bilateral Cross-Border M＆A Flows

Cross-border M＆As are important to the participating countries. I posit that mandatory International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） adoption lowers the systemic information noise embedded in countries＇ accounting standards. This reduces the associated information processing costs and enhances the economic role accounting standards play on cross-border M＆A flows. After mandatory IFRS adoption, a 1% increase in accounting standards disparity suppresses bilateral M＆A flows by around 2%; a decrease in accounting standards disparity helps promote bilateral M＆A flows when paired countries＇ governance infrastructure gaps are relatively wider. I do not find that these associations were significant prior to mandatory IFRS adoption. Overall, this paper documents an evolving economic role accounting standards play on bilateral cross-border M＆A flows and sheds light on the economic benefits of adopting IFRS for policy makers.     

实际控制人境外居留权与企业风险承担 ——来自A股上市民营公司的经验证据

近年来,上市民营公司的实际控制人取得境外居留权的比例持续上升,得到广泛关注.其对企业风险承担的影响存在正反两种可能性:境外居留权可能激化实际控制人与中小股东、债权人的代理冲突,提高实际控制人的风险承担意愿;也可能加剧融资约束和投资短视行为,加重实际控制人的风险规避程度.本文的实证研究结果支持了前一种理论预期.进一步研究验证了实际控制人风险承担的控制权私利动机、财富分散动机和资源优势假说,风险转移动机并未得到验证.法律环境会弱化境外居留权对企业风险承担的影响,实际控制人参与治理会加强该影响.境外居留权并未影响实际控制人的长期经营意愿.实际控制人境外居留权的风险承担行为会产生积极的价值促进效应,提升企业价值.本文完整地梳理了实际控制人境外居留权影响企业风险承担的理论逻辑,丰富了实际控制人特征与企业决策的研究文献,对我国公司治理实践具有重要启示.     

Auditor switching, earnings manipulation and auditor independence: Evidence from A-share listed companies in China

Based on data from Chinese A-share listed companies between 1999 and 2004, this paper examines the causes of auditor switching and its effects on the independence of successive auditors from the perspective of earnings manipulation. Results show that: (1) listed companies manipulate their earnings through replacing their auditor and the successive auditor fails to exercise necessary prudence; (2) for companies reporting profit in the year of auditor change, the formerly low discretionary accruals usually increase significantly after the switch mostly resulting from assets devaluation and adjustments to non-recurring items; (3) In contrast, for companies reporting losses in the year of auditor change, they take a “big bath” to adjust lower earnings of the same year. These findings indicate that auditor change is related to the conservatism of predecessor auditors and it damages the independence of successive auditors.      

会计准则的国际趋同研究:一个综述

本文首先简要回顾了国内外关于会计准则国际趋同的研究,然后从会计准则具有经济后果的角度分析了会计准则国际趋同的问题。在由国家会计准则向国际会计准则趋同的过程中,既要实现规范本身的趋同,又要实现规范指导下的实务趋同。一国会计准则国际化过程中的策略选择,可能直接或间接地对该国的经济利益产生影响。     

Time Affluence as a Path toward Personal Happiness and Ethical Business Practice: Empirical Evidence from Four Studies

Many business practices focus on maximizing material affluence, or wealth, despite the fact that a growing empirical literature casts doubt on whether money can buy happiness. We therefore propose that businesses consider the possibility of “time affluence” as an alternative model for improving employee well-being and ethical business practice. Across four studies, results consistently showed that, even after controlling for material affluence, the experience of time affluence was positively related to subjective well-being. Studies 3 and 4 further demonstrated that the experience of mindfulness and the satisfaction of psychological needs partially mediated the positive associations between time affluence and well-being. Future research directions and implications for ethical business practices are discussed.     

Time Affluence as a Path toward Personal Happiness and Ethical Business Practice: Empirical Evidence from Four Studies

Many business practices focus on maximizing material affluence, or wealth, despite the fact that a growing empirical literature casts doubt on whether money can buy happiness. We therefore propose that businesses consider the possibility of “time affluence” as an alternative model for improving employee well-being and ethical business practice. Across four studies, results consistently showed that, even after controlling for material affluence, the experience of time affluence was positively related to subjective well-being. Studies 3 and 4 further demonstrated that the experience of mindfulness and the satisfaction of psychological needs partially mediated the positive associations between time affluence and well-being. Future research directions and implications for ethical business practices are discussed.