A fuzzy-based roadmapping model for enhancing high-tech small firms’ technological entrepreneurship capabilities: cases of Iran

ABSTRACT

Technology-based firms need to survive via technological changes. Technological entrepreneurship is concentrated on identifying and exploiting the tech-opportunities for creating product innovation. This paper introduces a fuzzy-based tool to promote innovation throughout firms in order to enhance technological entrepreneurship capabilities (TEC). The effort involves identifying components of TEC to develop the inference system, specifying the fuzzy relationship among these components, assessing the TEC in firms, and designing a TEC roadmap after a fuzzy-based gap analysis. Designed roadmaps introduce technological change priorities as a growth path to firms to move up along the ladder of competitiveness. Based on the results, a method for categorizing firms into four distinct levels that involve passive, reactive, proactive and innovative is introduced. Hence, firms have an action plan to enhance TEC from passive to innovative level in a time-based transition pathway.     

The innovation and economic consequences of knowledge spillovers: fit between exploration and exploitation capabilities,knowledge attributes,and transfer mechanisms

The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating roles of the attributes and transfer mechanisms of knowledge in the relationship between organisational capabilities and innovation and economic performance. Regression analysis on a sample of 120 Taiwanese firms was used to test our model. The findings suggest that the organisational capabilities of exploration and exploitation are positively related to innovation and economic performance. The effect of exploration on performance is positively moderated by tacit knowledge and adaptation knowledge transfer mechanisms. In contrast, exploitation is a stronger predictor of performance when organisations acquire well-defined knowledge and use replication knowledge transfer mechanisms.     

Multiple perspectives analysis for integrating technology into a business : A knowledge systems case study

The increasing rate of technological change has pushed the management of technology to the forefront of today's leading organizations. This paper examines an increasingly important aspect of technology management: the integration of a selected technology into the organization. In this paper, I describe the issues of technology integration, give a brief synopsis of the multiple perspective research methodology, summarize a technology integration case study in the domain of knowledge systems (expert systems), present and describe the technology integration model, and state observations and lessons learned from my research.     

Social capital, capabilities, and entrepreneurial strategies: a study of Taiwanese high-tech new ventures

This paper examines the effects of social capital, entrepreneurs' capabilities and entrepreneurial strategies on the performance of technology-based new ventures. Using concepts derived from the entrepreneurship and strategy management literatures, we identify three categories of factors and develop corresponding hypotheses. Using a sample of 125 Taiwanese high-tech new ventures to test these hypotheses, we find that entrepreneurs' management experience may not be an advantage for high-tech new ventures. The six Stevenson entrepreneurial strategies can have different effects on the performance of new ventures, whereas social capital actually moderates the effects of entrepreneurial strategies and resources on the performance. High-tech entrepreneurship is a complex phenomenon with a wide range of factors, including societal contexts, entrepreneurial strategies and entrepreneurs' capabilities; and these factors interact with each other. There is no single route to entrepreneurial success or failure: successful entrepreneurs are those who can adjust their entrepreneurial strategies according to their social capital and capabilities.     

关于经济管理类创新人才培养模式研究

创新人才培养是我国现阶段建设创新型国家的重要战略。大学教育担负着培养创新人才这一重任。尤其是高校培养经济管理类创新人才是国家创新人才培养中的落脚点。经济管理类创新人才培养模式必须从培养目标、师资队伍、课程结构、教学模式、制度建设、创新文化方面不断进行改革,为建立创新型国家奠定坚实基础。     

Development pattern of the industry form in mountains area： a case study of the Three Gorges Reservoir area

The mountainous areas （mountain, plateau and hilly area ） cover than 85% of total land territory of China.Nature and humanity in very mountainous ares has its own geographic characteristics.In the process of industrialization and urbanization in China, realizing the sustainable development of the mouniainous areas, optimizing man-land system, and adopting and continuously developing corresponding economic modes of the mountainous areas with multi-functions of economy, ecalogy, culture and society to chararacterize production content, mode of production. mode of operation is not only helpful to econonty, society and ecological value and is of great aesthetic value,but also solve the technological problems of the subject of starting undertaking to finally transform the regional resource advantage of the mountainous area into the advantage of capital and technology for economic development and to get rid of the contradiction between underdeveloped economy and abundant resources. This paper takes the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR） area for example to show that it＇s of great practical and theoretical significance ,regional distribution,variety structure and quality structure.     

利率互换案例分析

以一个实际案例为背景，以发达的金融市场为条件，就浮动利率与固定利率互换的定价进行了探讨。在此基础上，通过Visual Bssic6.0语言编写一个应用程序，使得浮动利率与固定利率互换的定价得以实现。这种利率互换定价方法具有普遍应用价值。     

Exploring factors affecting international technological specialization: the role of knowledge flows and the structure of innovative activity

Journal of Evolutionary Economics - We define international technological specialisation (ITS) as the technological performance of a country in a specific technology relative to its overall...     

科学型企业商业模式:中国情境的复合案例研究

以中国企业为研究对象,运用复合案例研究方法分析与构建了科学型企业商业模式概念模型,分离出科学平台和价值平台两个独特要素,进而构建以科学平台-价值平台互动为核心的P2P商业模式运作模型,并根据不同类型科学型企业,分析模型的有效性、适用性以及模型在不同类型科学型企业中的共性与差异,最后总结出科学型企业商业模式特点及企业管理对策。     

A 3D theoretical model for green management：a case study of Chinese enterprises

Companies that not only abide by environmental regulations, but also discover new techniques and adopt newmanagement methods to reduce negative environmental impacts often have positive effects on corporate profitability. Inorder to meet the needs of sustainability of enterprises and protect environment, the concept of green management isdeveloped and regarded as an important direction of management theory of the 21st century. Though there are manytheories and practices about green management in western countries, they are built based on the developed marketeconomy, which are not suitable for Chinese enterprises absolutely. By analyzing the viewpoints and models of theoverseas and domestic experts and scholars, combining characteristic of China＇s market economy, this paper points outthe real connotation of enterprise green management - the combination of ecological harmony （harmony between humanand nature） with human harmony （harmony among people）, establishes a 3D theoretical model, points out the defects ofenterprise＇s green management in China, reanalyzes and redesigned enterprise green management, which paves the wayfor the deeper and broader development of green management.     

我国区域间产业经贸流动关系的实证研究

区域间产业经贸流动关系是分析和研究我国区域经济关系、比较各区域产业间竞争优势和比较优势的基础。过去，我国在区域经济方面的研究较多地集中在对区域本身的特点、优势和给予的优惠政策上，而对区域间产业经贸流动关系的研究比较薄弱。本文在全国首次研制了产业分类齐全、区域划分科学合理的中国区域间投入产出联结模型，并借助该模型的研制结果分析了我国区域间产业的经贸流动关系，说明了当前我国区域间产业经贸流动的现实状况，揭示了其内在机制和表现特征，希望该项研究成果能够为我国今后更科学地规划区域经济，制定区域经济发展政策作出贡献。     

Technological interdependence and knowledge diffusion in the building of national innovative capacity: The role of Taiwan's chemical industry

While the significance and effectiveness of patents in the chemical industry has been demonstrated in many industrialized countries, this study examines the role of the chemical industry and knowledge diffusion in building the innovative capacity of a nation in latecomer country Taiwan. The development of process innovation plays an integral role in the strategic industries of Taiwan, but few attempts have been made to address how the efficiency of process development can be enhanced. As a latecomer, Taiwan has built its national innovative capability on strategic industries such as semiconductors, consumer electronics and flat panel displays. Through patent data analysis, this study demonstrates the significant and indispensable role played by the chemical industry in technological interdependence and knowledge diffusion with other Taiwanese strategic industries. This study suggests that while the public resources of Taiwan are focused on accelerating the development of emerging sectors and technologies, the chemical industry serves as an effective linkage and catalyst in problem-solving.     

中国省级预算中的政策过程与预算过程:来自两省的调查

无论是为了控制支出还是改进资源配置效率，都需要将政策过程和预算过程整合起来。但是，在中国的省级预算中，存在严重的政策过程与预算过程分离，这种分离使得预算过程充满了各种不确定性。本文分析了中国省级预算中政策过程与预算过程分离的类型、影响、成因，并提出了整合政策过程与预算过程的建议。     

Chinese Shadow Banking: The Case of Trust Funds

Abstract:

This study provides an updated analysis of Chinese trust funds—a specialized and important type of shadow banking. This study is the first to estimate the contribution of Chinese trust funds to economic growth, and also the first to examine the association between trust funds and the volatility of Chinese stock markets. It makes a novel contribution in showing that Chinese trust loans play a negative role in interest rate passthrough from the policy rate to the lending rates of commercial banks.     

Development of internal resources and capabilities as sources of differentiation of SME under increased global competition: A field study in Mexico

This paper draws on the resource-based view of the firm and contributes to our understanding of how the development of internal resources and capabilities in SMEs can provide sources of competitive advantages in the international arena and improve their business performance.This research found statistical evidence to suggest that business performance measured by growth rate, efficiency, productivity and shareholder's financial returns, is positively related with the development of internal capabilities such as soft technology (methods and processes that support the firm) and hard technology (externally acquired equipment, in-house development of machinery and innovation in raw materials) and a strategy of continuous improvement, innovation and change.A number of relevant contributions are proposed in this piece of research that expands our understanding of how SMEs can compete in the international context: (1) firms whose explicit business strategy emphasizes innovation and knowledge creation have been able to successfully participate in global contexts; (2) even though financial resources are important for a firm to leverage performance it was found that development of internal capabilities has been more important than limited financial resources in order to develop competitive advantages to compete with larger and multinational competitors; (3) results of this research support the proposition that from an associational economy perspective the development of a geographical region or country should be an interaction among a number of constituents namely government policies, the firms themselves and universities and research centers among others.     

中国银行业的治理结构:基于案例视角的分析

治理结构是企业内控制度的重要组成部分,是企业经营管理的微观基础,关乎企业行为和市场价值。以处于转型和变革期的中国银行业为背景,选取12家代表性商业银行研究我国银行业的治理结构。通过对样本银行股权结构、董事会构成以及高管激励机制等几方面的分析,结果发现：当前银行业股权集中度仍然过高,大股东的股东性质比较单一,尤以国有股东为主;董事会机构健全,组织完善而激励不足。因此,体现我国银行业治理特征的不是传统企业治理范畴的内容,而是由产权结构决定的治理特点,或曰,产权结构的差异可以包容治理结构的主要特征。     

泰国水厂工程的施工经验

泰国曼谷马哈沙瓦特水厂二期输水泵站Ｇ-ＴＲ-６工程是葛洲坝集团公司(以下简称集团公司)在泰国承包的第一个工程。由于受泰国劳工法的限制和其他因素的影响,该工程施工所采用的管理模式是“整体分割,单项分包”,即整个工程按项目的专业类别或部位分成若干部分,然后分包给３０多个泰国当地承包商,集团公司委派９名人员组成泰国水厂工程项目部(以下简称项目部),组织和管理该项目的实施工作。虽然该项目最终被评为了优质项目,而且系统运行良好,但由于施工期间受到亚洲金融危机的严重影响,绝大部分分包商几乎完全失控,而且项目中标价格太低,造…     

Technological capabilities accumulation and internationalization strategies of Mexican biotech firms: a multi case study from agro-food & pharma industries

ABSTRACT

In this paper our aim is to analyze the relationship between technological capabilities accumulation of Mexican biotech firms and their different types of internationalization strategies. Because of the determining effect of firms’ capital investment level, we analyzed three groups of firms: start-ups, small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) and multinational firms (MNEs). We made use of a wide range of information: The First Survey of Biotechnology Development Firms in Mexico, the systematization of 20 case studies, interviews with key persons in the industry and public sources. We confirmed the two hypotheses outlined: (i) TCA process does not follow a linear path in Mexican biotech firms and (ii) firms with lower capital investment levels exhibit a lower level of TCA and less complex internationalization strategies; while firms with higher capital investment levels are associated with higher TCA levels and more complex internationalization strategies. Biotechnology requires high levels of capital investment and these to a large extent determine the development and technological capabilities accumulation. Therefore, we suggest that a capitalization program is much needed to foster Mexican biotech firms’ TCA processes and develop internationalization strategies.     

Inward FDI spillovers and innovation capabilities in Chinese business: exploring the moderating role of local industrial externalities

It is generally believed foreign direct investment (FDI) has spillover effects which can affect the innovation capabilities of local firms in host countries. Comparatively little, however, is known about the contingent local contextual factors that influence how these FDI spillovers can be captured. Integrating the literature on FDI knowledge spillovers with that on inter- and intra-industrial externalities, we explore how local industrial agglomeration moderates the effect of FDI knowledge spillovers on innovation in the emerging market context of China. Empirical estimates, based on panel data of 1610 listed indigenous Chinese firms recorded between 2000 and 2010, indicate that such spillovers are more easily captured in industrially diverse settings. By contrast, industrial specialisation negatively moderates this relationship. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.