我国中小企业债券融资模式的思考

正一、我国中小企业债券融资主要模式当前,我国中小企业债融资模式中,主要有以中关村模式为代表的中小企业集合债券融资模式、以山东诸城模式为代表的中小企业集合票据融资模式和区域集优融资模式。(一)中小企业集合债券融资模式中小企业集合债券融资模式,以中关村模式最具典型性。其融资特点主要是:"统一冠名、分别负债、统一担保、集合发行。"具体做法如下:首先由中关村科技担保公司从其做过贷款担保的300多家企业中严格审     

“中小企业集合票据”及其担保方式创新

中小企业融资难的主要原因,一是它的企业规模小,信用不够,二是它的贷款额相对少,因而融资成本高。为此,人们创造性地发展了一种中小企业的"集合融资"模式。"集合融资"是指:若干家中小企业,通过股权或协议建立集团或联盟,通过合力来增进信用,降低融资成本,相互帮助以共同获取社会资金的一种融资方式。中小企业集合融资的方式主要是发行"中小企业集合债券"。债券是约定一定期限还本付息的债务融资工具,"中小企业集合债券"就是若干中小企业以集体的名义向社会发行的债券。它可以解决单个企业由于规模     

中小企业区域集优债务融资方式探讨北大核心SSCI

中小企业融资难长期以来是困扰中小企业发展的难题之一。集合债券的出现为解决中小企业的融资问题提供了一条新的途径,但是由于集合债券自身存在的一些问题使得集合债券的适用性不强。本文通过对比"区域集优"债务融资(基于集合债券的创新融资方式)和传统企业集合票券的特点,阐述"区域集优"债务融资的创新优势,对其发展前景进行展望。     

债券市场助力中小企业融资

通过几年的发展,中小企业通过债券市场融资已经有了一定的突破,中小企业集合债券、中小企业集合票据等方式,为中小企业债务融资提供了选择途径     

新时期中小企业集合债券发展的问题与政策建议

中小企业集合债券打破了只有大企业才能发债的惯例,优化了中小企业融资结构,创新了中小企业融资模式。当前中小企业集合债券还处在探索阶段,准入门槛过高与处于成长期中小企业发展的矛盾,未来的不确定性与担保机构承担风险较大的矛盾,以及成本约束使债券市场的这一新品种面临诸多困境。促进中小企业集合债券健康发展,要从健全机制、配套政策、落实担保等方面入手,推动中小企业集合债券由政府主导型向市场推动型发展转变;建立完善覆盖中小企业集合债券组织运行全过程各环节的政策法规;加大各级配套扶持力度,降低企业债券融资成本;完善担保运行机制,促进中小企业担保信用体系健康发展。     

中小企业集合债券融资机制的完善

中小企业集合债券是我国独有的一种新型融资方式,但其因发行主体复杂、集合企业筛选不规范、担保难等问题,暂时未能广泛推行。本文在对中小企业集合债券现状调研的基础上,通过分析当前集合债券融资机制存在的不足,提出加快制定相关政策法规、推动担保行业结构调整、降低准入门槛和优化发债企业的组合设计等措施,以完善中小企业集合债券的融资机制。     

中小企业区域集优债务融资方式探讨

中小企业融资难长期以来是困扰中小企业发展的难题之一。集合债券的出现为解决中小企业的融资问题提供了一条新的途径,但是由于集合债券自身存在的一些问题使得集合债券的适用性不强。本文通过对比区域集优债务融资(基于集合债券的创新融资方式)和传统企业集合票券的特点,阐述区域集优债务融资的创新优势,对其发展前景进行展望。     

我国中小企业集合债券融资问题的思考

我国的债券市场还处在一个初步发展阶段,市场产品单一,几乎全部都是高信用评级产品,收益率幅度甚小,为了完善我国债券市场,开发低评级的债券产品,2007年我国推出了中小企业集合债券,这不仅拓展了中小企业融资渠道,缓解了中小企的融资难题,对我国经济的可持续发展也具有积极的促进作用。6年来,我国中小企业集合债券的融资状况不容乐观,究其原因,是多方面的。在中小企业融资难题破解的大潮流下,中小企业集合债券融资是一种积极的方式和趋势。本文正是基于这样一种大背景下来探讨如何推进中小企业集合债券融资。     

对中小企业开展集合债券融资的可行性探讨

在目前从紧货币政策的大背景下,中小企业要取得银行贷款的难度进一步加大,如何选择更加合适的融资工具来突破资金瓶颈,推动中小企业实现可持续、跨越式发展,已成为一个具有重大现实意义的课题。"北京中关村高新技术中小企业集合债"和"深圳市中小企业集合债"成功发行,为中小企业融资方式的拓展提供了范例。本文拟从集合债券发行可行性分析和运行模式出发,提出运用集合债券解决目前中小企业融资难问题的思路和建议。     

我国中小企业集合债券融资模式探讨

中小企业作为我国国民经济的重要组成部分,中小企业的发展对我国国民经济有着重大作用。在我国当前社会发展形势下,市场竞争日益激烈,我国中小企业在这个竞争激烈的市场环境下面临着融资难的问题,进而制约着中小企业的发展。而集合债券作为当代中小企业融资的一种形式,为了更好地促进中小企业自身的发展,就必须寻找有效的集合债券融资渠道。本文就我国中小企业集合债券融资模式进行了相关的探讨。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.