营11低渗透油藏高效开发技术及应用

低渗透油田的有效开发将是当前及今后的一项重要任务。文章以胜利油区东辛油田营11低渗透油藏为例,分析了开发过程中存在的问题,提出了低渗透油藏的高效开发必须以低渗透油藏油气渗流理论为指导,以精细油藏地质和剩余油分布规律及开发潜力为基础,以井网精细加密调整完善为核心,优化直井井网、水平井井网的井网形式和井距,优选储层压裂改造技术,配套全程的油层保护,精细注采调整技术,达到全面改善低渗透油藏开发效果、提高采收率的目的。     

浅谈压裂施工中常见问题及处理方法

压裂工艺是油层改造的一项重要技术措施，为油田高产稳产做出了突出贡献。但随着外围油田及低渗透油层的开发，压裂施工难度不断增大，本文从五个方面对压裂施工中常见问题进行分析， 并提出处理及预防措施。     

水力喷射压裂技术在水平井压裂中的应用

川西新场气田下沙溪庙组气藏为致密砂岩储层,常规直井单井产量低,加砂压裂后增产效果有限,气藏开发效益低;采用水平井钻井可大大增加泄气面积,提高气产量,改善气藏开发效果;该区下沙溪庙组气藏的水平井开采模式尚处于尝试阶段,本井采用了水力喷射分段加砂压裂工艺技术对水平段进行改造,现场试验表明该改造工艺对水平段储层实施了有效的改造,提高了低渗透致密气藏的压裂效果,为下步该区域水平井储层改造指明了方向。     

分层试井技术研究与认识

笼统测压所测的全井压力无法反映每个层的真实压力水平,尤其是低渗透油层的压力水平和变化特点,使原有的压力监测系统不能满足油田新的开发形式的需要。为正确评价油田各类油层的潜力,制定合理的开发政策,预防套损提供依据,有必要建立一套分层压力监测系统。通过对真武、永安、邵伯、陈堡、沙埝等油区的已测试井压力数据的分析及试井资料的解释,掌握了相关井、相关层的污染程度、地层渗透率等油藏物性参数。通过分层压力资料分析可判断、验证注水井封隔器是否破损、失效,对开发方案的制定具有指导意义。通过分层测压可知纵向上不同油层之间的压力差异,可有针对性进行调整,如对高压层进行补孔、压裂、酸化放压等,减少层间差异,降低压力的非均衡性,预防套管的损坏。     

分层试井技术研究与认识

笼统测压所测的全井压力无法反映每个层的真实压力水平,尤其是低渗透油层的压力水平和变化特点,使原有的压力监测系统不能满足油田新的开发形式的需要。为正确评价油田各类油层的潜力,制定合理的开发政策,预防套损提供依据,有必要建立一套分层压力监测系统。通过对真武、永安、邵伯、陈堡、沙埝等油区的已测试井压力数据的分析及试井资料的解释,掌握了相关井、相关层的污染程度、地层渗透率等油藏物性参数。通过分层压力资料分析可判断、验证注水井封隔器是否破损、失效,对开发方案的制定具有指导意义。通过分层测压可知纵向上不同油层之间的压力差异,可有针对性进行调整,如对高压层进行补孔、压裂、酸化放压等,减少层间差异,降低压力的非均衡性,预防套管的损坏。     

吉林油田水平井重复压裂技术研究与现场应用

水平井重复压裂技术是低渗透油田增加单井产量、确保油田稳产、提高经济效益的关键手段。水平井重复压裂技术经过现场试验后,取得了较好的应用效果。截至08年底水平井重复压裂技术在FY油田现场施工12井次,措施成功率100%,取得了很好的增油效果。现场实践表明,水平井重复压裂技术为低渗透油田开发的增产稳产提供了重要的技术措施。     

大牛地气田水平井体积压裂技术应用研究

随着鄂尔多斯盆地低压低渗、致密的储层开发进度的加快,压裂改造在致密油气藏中的增产效果被广泛认可,各种压裂新工艺不断被引进,形成了裸眼封隔器分段压裂工艺为主,其他工艺为辅的压裂改造模式。但是,由于不同工艺各有自己的优缺点,引进新的压裂工艺进行试验对提升改造效果有很大意义,为此,大牛地气田水平井开发中引入了体积压裂技术,本文主要介绍了体积压裂在大牛地气田的应用情况。     

低渗透油藏的油层保护技术

油田在勘探开发的各个环节均可造成低渗透层油层损害.对低渗透油层特别强调油层保护并不是因为这类油层比高渗透油层更易受污染,而是因为低渗透油层自然渗透能力差,任何轻微的污染伤害都会导致产能的大幅度降低,因此,低渗透油层的油层保护尤为重要.     

陕北地区延长组长2油层活性剂驱油技术室内研究及应用

针对陕北三叠系延长组长2油层注水开发采收率低的特点,通过室内优化活性剂驱油剂配方试验研究,研制开发了驱油效率高、与地层流体和注入水配伍性好、吸附损失小、油层条件下化学性能稳定的PZ驱油剂。现场应用试验效果表明,该2+3采油技术为本区低一特低渗透油田提高采收率、高效开发提供了新的技术途径。     

瓦窑堡油田长2储层压裂改造工艺技术研究及应用

压裂改造技术是低渗油田开发必不可少的技术手段之一，本文首先从储层的地质论证出发，以室内试验为基础，通过总体压裂技术及各项压裂技术试验，以及现场各环节的质量把关，从而最大可能地实现了油层保护，提高了单井产量。压裂改造工艺的研究应用对瓦窑堡油田具有十分重大的意义。     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.