高压注水井套管损坏原因浅析

<正>对于低渗透油田一般采用高压注水的开发方式。高压注水使注水井套管的工作环境不断恶化,造成套管出现不同程度的变径甚至破裂,部分井还出现了浅层套管漏失窜槽的情况,使低渗透断块开发方案的执行受到了严重影响。近年来,我们对低渗透油田高压注水井套管损坏的具体情况井了全面调查,并从机理上对套损的原因进行了初步分析,提出了相     

超前注水技术在提高低渗透油藏采收率中的应用

国内很多油田都属于低渗透油田,低渗透油田采收率低,开发难度大,注水开发不均匀,油井产量低,很难达到稳产增产的目标。近年来,一些低渗透油藏通过超前注水技术在一定程度上提高了采收率,取得了良好的效果。本文首先介绍了超前注水开发原理,其次介绍了超前注水相关技术措施及其应用效果。     

低渗透油藏注采系统优化提高采收率研究

低渗透储油层在实际油田开采中,由于储油层的物性比较差,导致储油层油气渗流时启动压力值的梯度比较大,因此在油田的实际开采过程中适应性问题比较突出。进行低渗透油藏注采系统优化提高采收率的分析研究,有利于避免低渗透油田的注采过程中低渗透适应性影响问题,提高对于低渗透油田油气资源的开采率。本文主要结合低渗透油田油藏层的渗流机制原理,通过采用压降叠加的工作原理,提出使用一源一汇以及面积注水方式中的五点法和七点法、九点法等油井注采工艺技术,将油气资源注采过程中的油气资源井内注采驱替压力梯度分布进行改进,从而实现在油藏注采工艺的不同注水方式下注采极限井距改进,以提高低渗透油藏注采系统对于油气资源采收的优化与提高实现。文章主要结合国内外低渗透油田储油层注采工艺技术的现状,以某油田低渗透油藏特征以及油气注采工艺效果为例,并结合对于该低渗透油田储油层注采工艺效果的影响因素,从低渗透油藏的合理注采井距与油藏注采压力系统等方面的优化提高,实现对于低渗透油藏注采系统油气采收率的优化与提高分析。     

论采油一厂注水泵优化选型

为提高注水泵的综合经济效益,泵的型号种类和生产厂家应尽可能少,以便于泵的管理、维修和配件供应;在满足工艺需要的情况下,对于区域集中注水,选用高压离心泵;对于分散边远井的高压注水,应选用柱塞泵或离心增压注水泵。     

关于高压欠注问题的思考

本文针对采油三厂低渗透油田的高压欠注问题,通过对欠注原因的深入剖析,提出了高压欠注形成的理论模型,在此基础上,总结各项措施的应用效果,深入分析解堵机理后提出了对高压欠注井的下步治理思路及工艺技术方面的改进建议。     

周清庄油田注水开发状况分析

周清庄油田属于特殊类型油藏,为裂缝性生物灰岩、低渗透砂岩油藏。其裂缝发育,油藏地质条件复杂,导致储层分布零散,物性差,水驱控制程度低、注水效果差、油田注采矛盾极为突出。经过分析建议通过完善注采井网、提高储量控制程度;实施周期注水,改善油田水驱油效果;通过压裂增注,提高油层动用程度;通过分注、调剖措施,进行平面层间矛盾的综合治理,达到注够水、注好水、精细注水的目标。     

低渗油田注水开发技术浅析

目前,我国已探明的石油储量大部分存在于低渗透油藏中,而低渗透油藏的开发是石油行业研究的一项难点与重点。尽量降低渗透油藏的开发成本,降低资金投入量,才能在低渗透油藏的开发中获得预期的开发效果与经济收益。对于长庆油田,因为储层中富含水资源,所以注水开发低渗油田在理论上是行得通的,然而在注水开发过程中由于各个区块储层敏感性不同、主要驱动能力不同以及采取的增产措施不同,在油田开发方案设计和开发过程中采用的注水方式也有所不同,本文就不同的油田状况给出相应的注水开发方式并针对开发过程中的问题提出注水调整方法。     

SF31904型电动轮自卸车制动控制系统常见故障及排除方法

传统的自卸车制动系统采用气压增压式,即“气顶油”的方式。SF31904型电动轮白卸车采用液压增压式,即全液压控制系统。气压增压式的制动系统是利用高压空气,通过油气加力器将制动油液加压,从而实现车轮制动。这种制动系统结构简单,但工作可靠性低,故障率高。全液压制动系统具有响应快,制动力大而稳定,制动可靠等优点。为保证安全,该制动系统具有六种机械制动形式,以适应多种不同情况下制动。     

垦利油田结蜡现状与治理探讨

垦利区部分断块注采系统不完善,注水先天不足或注水不见效,导致油层供液能力越来越差,泵挂越来越深,导致低产低液井增多,油井结蜡现象严重.生产开发中遇到油井出蜡,结蜡,不仅直接影响单位作业井次、作业费用及其它维修费用,而且影响油田整体开发的正常进行,是目前需要攻克解决的主要问题.     

营11低渗透油藏高效开发技术及应用

低渗透油田的有效开发将是当前及今后的一项重要任务。文章以胜利油区东辛油田营11低渗透油藏为例,分析了开发过程中存在的问题,提出了低渗透油藏的高效开发必须以低渗透油藏油气渗流理论为指导,以精细油藏地质和剩余油分布规律及开发潜力为基础,以井网精细加密调整完善为核心,优化直井井网、水平井井网的井网形式和井距,优选储层压裂改造技术,配套全程的油层保护,精细注采调整技术,达到全面改善低渗透油藏开发效果、提高采收率的目的。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.