新建地方本科院校提高服务区域经济社会发展能力的探索与实践

新建地方本科院校在很大程度上是区域经济社会发展的人才供应库和科技支撑点,为地方经济社会发展提供服务是地方本科院校生存和发展的使命之所在。新建地方本科院校应明确办学思想和办学定位,在彰显办学特色、拓展服务社会的途径和方式等方面大胆创新,实现地方高等教育与区域经济和社会发展的对接,促进自身的可持续发展。     

高校计算机实验室服务地方经济建设的措施与对策——以六安职业技术学院计算机实验室为例

当前,地方高校承担的社会职能日益凸显,怎样更好地融入社会、立足地方经济并为之服务,已成为学校完善自身职能面临的重要课题。六安职业技术学院计算机实验室面向社会开放个性化服务,探索出了服务地方经济建设的发展途径,对高校服务地方经济建设及自身进行准确定位提供了新的思路。     

Fiscal decentralization and multinational firms’ ownership: evidence from China

China’s fiscal decentralization increases the incentive for local governments to maintain economic prosperity and improve institutional environments for multinational firms. This study investigates the impact of fiscal decentralization on the ownership shares of multinational firms in China. Multinational firms located in regions with higher degrees of fiscal decentralization are found to own larger shares of their foreign subsidiaries. This result is consistent under various robustness checks, including instrumental variables estimations. The finding suggests that multinational firms respond to local fiscal decentralization by increasing their participation in investment. This study therefore provides additional evidence for the beneficial effect of fiscal decentralization on China’s economic growth by highlighting the risk-mitigating role of fiscal decentralization.     

房价,地方政府与经济人行为逻辑

房价持续快速上涨的原因是多方面的,地方政府的行为值得认真分析,本文认为借助经济人假设能很好地分析地方政府表现出的房价助推行为是为了自身利益的最大化,因此对中央政府的宏观调控不会认真对待.解决这一问题,也应该重视经济人行为逻辑,进行体制改革.     

DETERMINING MINIMUM WAGES IN CHINA: DO ECONOMIC FACTORS DOMINATE?

We analyze the determinants of minimum wages in China at the regional level. We include a broad set of economic variables and consider the role of spatial spillovers, which reflect the geographical pattern of regions and can arise for several reasons, including competition between local policymakers. The analysis primarily reveals the existence of strong regional ties in the development of minimum wages. Once these spatial effects are considered, the role of economic variables in the determination of minimum wages declines, and their impact is lower than initially thought. Whereas consumption per capita and consumer prices remain significant, regular wages lose their importance when controlling for reverse causation. Although minimum wage regulation stresses the relevance of economic factors in the determination of appropriate levels, actual development is largely driven by regional dependencies. As minimum wage standards set by local officials do not fully reflect regional economic conditions, further reform should be on the agenda.     

中国财政分权与地方基础设施供给的实证分析

在我国,自上而下的政绩考核机制激励着地方追求短期经济增长,导致其在基础设施投资上拥有很高的热情。文章实证分析了该结论,并用模型论证经济增长、城市化和财政分权等因素是导致地方基本建设支出增长的主要原因。     

国有大型资源型企业与属地政府协调机制研究

国有大型资源型企业与属地政府的协调关系是影响我国经济社会发展的重要因素之一。结合国有大型资源型企业和属地政府的行为目标及特征，分别从经济、社会和环境方面探析两者的关系现状，深入剖析税费、产业结构、劳动就业、文化活动、生态环境、基础设施等方面的协调关系，从建设服务型政府、增强企业社会服务和扩大企业辐射功能等方面，提出国有大型资源型企业与属地政府协调机制构建思路。     

中国财政分权与地方基础设施供给的实证分析

在我国,自上而下的政绩考核机制激励着地方追求短期经济增长,导致其在基础设施投资上拥有很高的热情。文章实证分析了该结论,并用模型论证经济增长、城市化和财政分权等因素是导致地方基本建设支出增长的主要原因。     

A Smooth Ride? From Industrial to Creative Urbanism in Oshawa,Ontario

In mainstream media, policy circles and academic scholarship, economic discourses have highlighted the importance of knowledge, creativity and innovation for generating economic growth. This has been translated into an urban planning and policy agenda which favours the establishment of research parks, innovation clusters, and especially universities along with amenities to attract creative‐class workers. In much of this literature universities are invested with an almost magical power to spur economic growth, and the benign language of ‘transition’ is used suggesting a rather seamless progression from one urban economic engine to another. Through analysis of policy documents and key informant interviews related to the establishment of a new university in Oshawa, Ontario, this case study seeks to challenge the straightforward relationship that is assumed to exist between universities and local economic development. Like other lagging regions across the OECD attempting to repair their economies through creative and knowledge urbanism, Oshawa's recent achievements are tempered by growing concerns about poverty, homelessness and inequality. Planners and policymakers that mistake the complexities of economic restructuring for a smooth ‘urban transition’ put their cities and citizens at risk of creating new problems out of efforts to improve local conditions.     

When does defection pay?

The present paper investigates cluster adjustment to changing economic environments by focussing on the role and stability of institutional arrangements in their local culture. It postulates two idealtypical local cultures where firms act in the common (collective) or in their own interest (egoistic). By comparing adjustment performance and stability for both types, the model finds that clusters in very volatile environments are unlikely to exhibit collective local cultures as these are unstable and provide only limited benefits for adjustment performance. Clusters facing more stable environments are more likely to show collective local cultures as these increase adjustment performance and are more stable against individual defection. Both findings suggest that collective local cultures in clusters can be relatively stable for limited environment volatility.     

Influence of subcontracting on innovation and economic performance of SMEs in Indian automobile industry

Trans-national corporations (TNCs) expanding their production bases to developing countries having better conditions of manufacturing and domestic markets provide increasing opportunities for local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to have subcontracting relationships with these TNCs. Even though some theoretical and a few empirical studies throw light on the nature of assistance provided by TNCs to local SMEs through subcontracting relationships, none of the studies so far quantitatively analysed the role of this assistance on the innovative performance of SMEs leading to better economic performance. This paper probes the extent and diversity of assistance received by SMEs from a TNC through subcontracting and its influence on technological innovations and economic performance of SMEs, in the Indian automobile industry. Indian SMEs were able to receive mainly product related and purchase process assistance, thereby implying that subcontracting is largely confined to purchase–supply relationships. However, assistance received through subcontracting is beneficial as it promoted technological innovations of SMEs: the higher the degree of assistance, the higher the level of innovations carried out by these SMEs, which, in turn facilitated their economic performance. Thus, this paper substantiates in the Indian context that subcontracting relationship with a TNC can be an important source of technological innovations and enhanced economic performance for SMEs.     

浅析高职院校创业教育体系的构建

高职教育作为与区域经济结合最为紧密、最为密切的教育主体,培养直接面向地方经济、面向行业企业的社会性技能型人才,更应该结合地域文化和高职院校学生的特点,进一步研究和明确高职院校创业教育的基本内容和实施方案,探索出有自己特色的创业教育模式,培育出能适应社会经济发展的大学生创业人才。     

Small Cities Matter, Too: The Impacts of an Airport and Local Infrastructure on Housing Prices in a Small Urban City

Cities with small populations tend not to receive as much attention in housing hedonic studies as do large metropolitan areas despite their similar economic development goals (quality of life improvements for their citizens, etc.). However, small cities, with their relatively smaller number of amenities and features, tend to have fewer numbers of variables that operate to determine house prices. Therefore, hedonic prices can be estimated adequately for a single neighborhood in a small city with publicly available data, particularly for local officials who do not have the time or financial resources to complete detailed studies of their cities. In this study, a general model is estimated that uncovers the impacts of airport-related noise, local recreational amenities, public transportation services, and schools on housing prices in a small city in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The implications and usefulness of this approach to local economic developers and city planners will be discussed.     

关于地方政府促进区域经济发展的意义和方法分析

我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,虽然目前的经济发展已经达到小康社会标准并且正在向发达国家的水平线靠近,但是由于区域经济发展失衡,导致国家对于不同的地区要制定不同的执行方案。地方政府是促进区域经济发展的首要因素,对我国的区域经济发展起到了决定性的作用。论文根据地方政府对本地区经济发展所采取的方法,分析了地方政府促进区域经济发展的意义,以便采取有效的措施推动区域经济良性发展。     

财政分权对三次产业影响的区域差异实证分析

由于"用脚投票"机制的存在,才促使地方政府注重设计自己辖区的税收和公共服务的组合,同时居民可以根据自己的偏好自由的选择不同的地方政府,可以充分的在不同辖区间自由的流动,无论是地方政府行为的变化还是人力、资本和技术等要素的流动都对地区的三次产业有着重要影响。本文通过设置财政分权、开放程度和经济发展水平三个计量指标,采用1997-2009年的省(直辖市,自治区)级面板数据,进行了财政分权、开放程度和经济发展水平对三次产业影响的实证检验。结果发现,财政分权、开放程度和经济发展水平对三次产业有着显著的影响且存在着区域差异,通过比较分析,提出了几点促进区域间产业合理化的建议。     

基于政治锦标赛制的地方官员竞争行为分析

在分析政治晋升锦标赛制度的内涵及其实施条件的基础上,通过构建我国地方官员的总效用函数,探讨了地方官员的综合利益。利用政治晋升负外部性模型,分析了中央政府主要以经济产出作为考核地方官员的政治晋升制度,必然导致竞争有余、合作不足的结果,最后有针对性总结了晋升锦标赛制度的积极性与局限性。     

浅谈地方高校债务现状及风险防控问题

当前全球经济形式严峻,加上全球疫情的蔓延和冲击,我国整体处在经济形式下行中,财政资金紧张。对于地方高校来说,也陷入了既要发展,又资金紧张的尴尬境地。因此目前地方高校不得不靠举借债务,来维持自身的发展,从而造成了严重的债务危机。因此,作为地方高校更应该认清当前形式,结合自身实际情况,完善相应的风险防控机制,化解目前的债务危机。本文从地方高校债务危机出现的原因入手进行分析,通过分析原因提出相应的防控措施,以供参考。     

地方政府债券违约风险形成机制及防范——基于委托代理问题的分析

就地方政府债券而言,在地方政府和居民之间涉及两类委托代理问题:债权债务的代理问题和公共政策的代理问题。地方政府依凭中央政府的"父爱心理",具有向上转移债务的动机,导致地方政府债券规模人为扩大;地方政府"经济人"特性促使其有意识地运用公共债务追求自身利益而罔顾公共财政风险。这些都隐藏着潜在风险无限增加的可能性。可以从建立相应的法律法规制度、居民退出机制、地方政府内在约束机制、事前制约机制、事后监督机制以及深化政务公开制度来防范信用风险。     

Community-based research: Engaging universities in technology-related knowledge exchanges

Many universities are disengaged from their local regions. While universities are hotbeds of knowledge with the potential to generate new and disruptive technologies, their development strategies and public relations engagements rarely emphasize the potential of universities to act as local and regional economic engines. Similarly, information systems (IS) and other scholars generally aim to make international, not local impacts. Local contributions are often viewed as distractions from more visible and highly rewarded roles in the global scholarly community, such as publishing in international journals. This Global Challenge article argues that universities' local ecosystems are appropriate targets for IS scholarly activity, particularly when this is undertaken in the form of community-based research (CBR). Following conceptual discussions of ‘community’ and key elements of CBR, we draw on the authors' personal research experiences to evaluate the potential contributions of IS scholars in terms of CBR projects focused on technology-related knowledge exchange. After outlining implications and potential future directions for IS researchers, we close by presenting a call to IS scholars to intensify their local ecosystem research collaborations in technology-related knowledge exchanges contexts, in order to increase the relevance and local impact of their research.     

Architecture,Economic Imaginaries and Urban Politics: The Office Tower as Socially Classifying Device

In recent studies on the role of architecture in urban restructuring, city marketing and the related struggles for meaning, there has been a focus on high‐profile architects and iconic architecture. In this article I wish to examine architecture and building types as ‘socially signifying devices’, in order to take more everyday buildings and their images into account as well. Using Vienna as a case study, I explore how the commercial office tower is utilized to represent the internationalization of the local economy and render new urban political‐economic strategies socially meaningful. This is done by examining recent shifts in urban policy, and the means, channels and practices of discursive and visual representation of the local office architecture. Connecting the concept of economic imaginaries from cultural political economy (CPE) with a sociological approach to building types, I argue that economic imaginaries gain in plausibility if they are discursively and visually anchored in urban space. However, it is also shown that this kind of spatialization of new economic imaginaries is constructed on a selective visual representation of buildings: the assignment of international economic activities to local office towers is revealed to be only partially true in the case of Vienna.