"完美风暴"中的安联

4月29日,在安联保险集团的年度股东大会(Annual General Meeting)上,米沙艾尔·狄克曼(Michael Diekmann)接过了舒尔特·纽勒(Henning Schulte-Noelle)博士手中的权棒,成为欧洲最大保险公司--安联公司总裁.     

Capitalizing on Catastrophe: Short Selling Insurance Stocks Around Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

We develop several hypotheses regarding short‐selling activity around Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. We find that abnormal short selling does not increase until 2 trading days after the landfall of Katrina and that short‐selling activity is much more significant around Rita. We find a substantial increase in short‐selling activity in the trading days prior to the landfall of Rita and relatively less short‐selling activity in the trading days after landfall. There is little evidence that suggests that traders short insurance stocks with more potential exposure in the Gulf region than other insurance stocks in the days before landfall.     

用年终奖金完善保险计划

30岁的阿娟是某公司的业务经理,她的先生阿刚33岁,是外资企业的技术骨干.由于两人工作都非常出色,单位年终发放的红包达5万元.     

Politics, Insurance Regulation, and Unfunded Pension Liabilities

ABSTRACT: Insurance regulators operate in an environment in which resources are scarce and issues are most often complex and not salient to affected persons. Consequently, regulatory agencies, such as the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), need to use resources efficiently by making issues salient and not complex if regulatory goals are to be attained. To further its goal of full funding of defined benefit pension plans, the PBGC annually published a list of the Top Fifty Companies With the Largest Underfunded Pension Liability (LIST). This article investigates the issue of the economic effects of pension plan disclosure by measuring the share price response of the companies included on the LIST; then policy implications are drawn. The event study findings show that, on average, publication of the LIST did not have a negative effect on firm value. However, cross-sectional analysis provides some support for the contention that publication of the LIST had an economic cost on LISTed firms. The authors' results show that the value of large firms on the PBGC's list is less negatively affected at arrival (ARRIVAL) than smaller LISTed firms. Conversely, when firms leave the list (DEPARTURE), the value of large growth-oriented firms is more negatively affected than the value of other firms that reduce their unfunded pension liability. From a policy perspective, as hypothesized by Meier (1991), the PBGC used its scarce resources effectively by publishing the LIST. The issue of unfunded pension liability became less complex and more salient to interested parties. Consequently, consumer groups and political elites provided their support to further the regulatory agency's stated goal, which was the full funding of defined benefit pension plans. Furthermore, increased awareness of the underfunding problem contributed to the passage of the Retirement Protection Act of 1994.     

The Financial Crisis, Systemic Risk, and the Future of Insurance Regulation

This article considers the role of American International Group (AIG) and the insurance sector in the 2007–2009 financial crisis and the implications for insurance regulation. Following an overview of the causes of the crisis, I explore the events and policies that contributed to federal government intervention to prevent bankruptcy of AIG and the scope of federal assistance to AIG. I discuss the extent to which insurance in general poses systemic risk and whether a systemic risk regulator is desirable for insurers or other nonbank financial institutions. The last two sections of the article address the financial crisis's implications for proposed optional and/or mandatory federal chartering and regulation of insurers and for insurance regulation in general.     

十二字方针：夯实保险监管

“抓服务,严监管,防风险,促发展。”这十二个字,是保监会主席项俊波在2012年全国保险监管会议上为保险监管定下的基调。人们看到,2012年保险监管工作的“十二字方针”得到有力落实,保监会在下大力气加强对保险市场的监管和整顿力度的同时,也推出多项服务、促进保险业发展的新政策,在各方面都取得了显著的成效。     

河南省保险市场的发展与监管

近年来，河南省保险业发展较快，但与其经济发展相比存在一定差距。主要原因是：有效竞争不足、监管不足和保险主体不足。完善河南保险监管的思路是：调整思路，转变观念；完善法规，构建合理的保险监管框架；规范保险保障基金，建立有效的市场退出机制等。     

The Development and Regulation of China's Insurance Market: History and Perspectives

China's private insurance market has been developing rapidly since the 1980s. Regulation of the market has developed in tandem with its growth. This article provides a systematic overview of China's insurance regulatory system and the evolving process of insurance supervision and regulation. The nature and direction of regulatory changes are evaluated in light of theories of public reform and the special character of China among developing economies.     

The Effect of Regulation on Insurance Pricing: The Case of Germany

This article analyzes the impact of policy form regulation on the unit price of insurance and determinants of premium changes using the 1994 deregulation of the German property–liability market as a natural experiment. Our result show that policy form regulation did not increase prices above competitive levels. Factors influencing premium changes are significantly different for the two time periods, pre‐ and post‐deregulation, indicating that regulation affects insurance pricing. Focusing on highly competitive lines after deregulation, we find a significant price decrease, and this decrease is offset by higher prices in the remaining other lines.     

保险需求价格弹性与保险监管政策选择

通过对保险费率和保险金额进行线性回归得出两个命题:保险需求与保险产品的价格负相关;保险产品缺乏价格需求弹性。这两个命题的适应条件分别是:保险产品是正常商品和相对封闭的市场上的一类保险产品的总需求。因此,保险公司要在保险费率和保险总收入之间均衡,而保险监管则要建立在协调保险价格和受众群体利益均衡的基础之上。     

Regulation of Insurance Markets

There have been major changes in the way European insurance markets are regulated, and there is still considerable debate about what the form and scope of regulation should be. This article examines the arguments for solvency regulation when consumers are fully informed of the insurer's insolvency risk. It is shown firms always provide enough capital to ensure solvency, unless there are restrictions on the composition of their asset portfolios. The conclusion holds even when competition means that only normal profits can be earned. This suggests that the role of regulation in insurance markets should be confined to providing consumers with information about the default risk of insurers.     

论中国保险市场监管中的诺斯悖论

保险市场监管中的诺斯悖论是指政府本应从公共利益出发,提供公正公平的监管政策,但由于自身利益问题,政府干预行为会出现失灵,导致监管效率下降,损害保单所有人的利益.中国保险市场发展多年,保险监管同样存在诺斯悖论,主要体现为政府监管政策供给不足和供给过剩并存,这源于特殊的中国保险制度、产权背景和保监会定位,可通过政府监管目标、主体、手段和内容的积极调整,尽量修正政府失灵,以化解诺斯悖论.     

和谐保险监管的成本与效益均衡研究

本文主要对和谐保险监管进行了研究分析,利用经济学中的成本与效益均衡分析方法,探讨了什么样的保险监管是和谐的,得到了监管均衡区作为监管均衡目标,最后提出了实现和谐保险监管的对策建议。     

保险监管失灵及其规避问题

保险市场失灵需要保险监管来弥补,但保险监管也存在失灵的现象。本文首先从理论上对保险监管失灵进行了解释,然后结合我国保险监管的失灵风险,对规避监管失灵的难点进行了分析,并着重讨论了如何在委托人缺位、缺乏直接激励和约束机制的情况下规避监管失灵。     

保险监管模式国际比较及借鉴

对世界三大地区及国际的保险监管模式,分别是美国的RBC模式、欧盟的SolvencyⅡ模式、瑞士的SST模式以及国际监管ISIA模式进行总结与比较,在分析国际保险监管制度特点及发展趋势的基础上,针对我国保险监管中实际存在的问题,探讨建立和完善"具有中国特色"的保险监管制度,以促进我国保险市场的健康和可持续发展。     

The Allocation of Governmental Regulatory Authority: Federalism and the Case of Insurance Regulation

We investigate the incentives states have to provide insurance regulatory services in an efficient manner. Regulation of the insurance industry in the United States is unique, as it is conducted primarily at the state level whereas the majority of insurance sales are interstate. Consistent with predictions from the federalism literature, we find evidence of trans‐state externalities, as states with small domestic insurance markets are less efficient producers of insurance regulation and appear to allow states that choose to expend the greatest resources to regulate for them. In addition, states with more profitable domestic insurers are shown to export greater levels of regulation, suggesting extraterritorial regulation may erect modest barriers to entry. We find evidence of increasing economies of scale in the production of insurance regulation after controlling for these regulatory externalities.     

The Impact of Rate Regulation on Claims: Evidence From Massachusetts Automobile Insurance

The article tests the hypothesis that insurance price subsidies created by rate regulation lead to higher insurance cost growth. The article makes use of data from the Massachusetts private passenger automobile insurance market, where cross‐subsidies were explicitly built into the rate structure through rules that limit rate differentials and differences in rate increases across driver rating categories. Two approaches are taken to study the potential loss cost reaction to the Massachusetts cross‐subsidies. The first approach compares Massachusetts with all other states while controlling for demographic, regulatory, and liability coverage levels. Loss cost levels that were about 29 percent above the expected level are found for Massachusetts during years 1978–1998, when premiums charged were those fixed by the state and included explicit subsidies for high‐risk drivers. A second approach considers changing cost levels across Massachusetts by studying loss cost changes by town and relating those changes to subsidy providers and subsidy receivers. Subsidy data based on accident year data for 1993–2004 show a significant and positive (relative) growth in loss costs and an increasing proportion of high‐risk drivers for towns that were subsidy receivers, in line with the theory of underlying incentives for adverse selection and moral hazard.     

Price Regulation in Property-Liability Insurance: A Contingent-Claims Approach

A discrete-time option-pricing model is used to derive the “fair” rate of return for the property-liability insurance firm. The rationale for the use of this model is that the financial claims of shareholders, policyholders, and tax authorities can be modeled as European options written on the income generated by the insurer's asset portfolio. This portfolio consists mostly of traded financial assets and is therefore relatively easy to value. By setting the value of the shareholders' option equal to the initial surplus, an implicit solution for the fair insurance price may be derived. Unlike previous insurance regulatory models, this approach addresses the ruin probability of the insurer, as well as nonlinear tax effects.