新会计准则下寿险公司资产负债会计错配问题研究

我国保险业实施新会计准则后,寿险公司资产、负债的确认和计量引入公允价值的计量属性。实践中,寿险公司有近40%的资产以公允价值计量,而负债实际上主要仍以账面价值计量。当资本市场利率与寿险责任准备金评估利率反向变动时,寿险公司的资产负债会计错配问题凸显。本文以2010年1月～2014年9月间一年期国债收益率和750日移动平均国债收益率为代表,分析利率变动对中国人寿的资产负债影响,进而分析会计错配所引发的净利润和偿付能力充足率变动。解决这一问题的关键是实现负债的公允价值,而在当前会计准则和监管框架内,建议寿险公司增加传统保障型产品的比例,改进寿险精算准度,加强准备金核算方法和假设等会计信息的披露。     

寿险偿付能力之静态和动态评估方法的对比研究

静态偿付能力评估方法 静态评估方法,主要是考察寿险公司在某一时点的资产、负债、所有者权益情况,及偿付能力的时点状况,不考虑影响偿付能力的各因素的变动状况,主要有风险资本要求法和财务指标评价体系.     

寿险偿付能力之静态和动态评估方法的对比研究

静态偿付能力评估方法静态评估方法,主要是考察寿险公司在某一时点的资产、负债、所有者权益情况,及偿付能力的时点状况,不考虑影响偿付能力的各因素的变动状况,主要有风险资本要求法和财务指标评价体系。(一)风险资本要求法是一种量化风险的监管方法,根据寿险公司的规模和风险     

新会计准则下寿险公司资产负债管理研究

资产负债管理是影响寿险公司经营成败的重要因素,其长期目标是经济价值最大化.在信息不对称的情况下,会计报表成为寿险公司实施资产负债管理的重要依据和管理内容.我国保险业实施新会计准则后,寿险公司资产与负债的计量方式发生重大变化,会计报表的波动性显著增加,对资产负债管理提出了严峻的挑战.本文研究了新会计准则对传统险、分红险和...     

英美非寿险偿付能力监管体系的比较及启示

保险公司的偿付能力监管是监管的基础.其中,对资产充足性的监管是重中之重.对非寿险公司而言,资本金、公积金、公益金、未分配利润是所有者在公司的权益资产,是保险公司获得及保持适当偿付能力的关键.传统上对非寿险偿付能力的监管以英国和美国为代表,两国在非寿险偿付能力监管制度上各有特点.本文分别从指导思想、预警机制、干涉机制等方面对英美两国非寿险偿付能力监管体系进行详细分析并加以比较.     

金融市场突变对万能寿险定价及偿付能力的影响北大核心CSSCISSCI

当金融市场突变时,万能寿险的内嵌期权价值会发生大幅度变化,寿险公司的负债和偿付能力也会随之发生变化,这可能引发寿险公司的定价不足风险和偿付能力危机。本文以一般跳跃-扩散模型刻画中国股票市场的市场突变现象,并以此为基础建立了内嵌最低保证利率期权和退保期权的万能寿险保费定价模型,探讨了当金融市场突变时均衡保费的变化以及内嵌期权价值的变化,分析了它对寿险公司实际资本和偿付能力充足率的影响,并把它们与市场正常时的情况进行了对比。结果表明,金融市场向上突变,极大增加了最低利率保证期权的价值,降低了退保期权价值,万能寿险的价值增加,导致偿付能力充足率上升;金融市场向下突变时结果相反。     

关于寿险公司对退保进行监控的方法探讨

伴随着中国保险业的快速发展,寿险的退保金是高烧不退.继2004年中国寿险公司退保金同比增长56.83%之后,2005年退保金又达到486.9亿元,同比增长56.18%.中国保监会统计显示,2006年,中国寿险公司退保金为545.35亿元,同比增长12%.退保的集中发生往往会导致寿险公司大量的现金流出,迫使公司中断资金运用计划,使资产与负债匹配难度增加;其次,退保影响公司的偿付能力,对公司的可持续经营形成威胁;另外,退保还具有连锁效应,容易演变为系统性的社会风险,波及同类产品和整个保险行业.寿险公司的退保问题成为各方关注的焦点之一.     

基于偿付能力的寿险资金战略资产配置

保险资金的战略资产配置是基于公司风险偏好,为满足负债和资本回报要求,对保险资金在大类资产上进行长期规划与分配的过程.本文介绍的寿险资金"战略资产配置三维方法论",是以偿付能力为核心风险偏好,在资本市场长期回报均值回归及Cornish-Fisher展开调整的跨周期宏观经济假设基础上,利用马科维茨模型对公司整体的资产组合进...     

对我国寿险公司建立资产波动准备金的设想

随着我国寿险资金投资渠道的逐步放开,对寿险投资资产的风险控制难度日益加大.目前监管部门对投资风险的控制在一定程度上降低了投资风险,但仍有不断增加的趋势.针对寿险公司现有的资产类型及未来的资产类型,可以设想建立资产估值准备金和利率维持准备金,以期增强我国寿险公司的财务稳定性和偿付能力.     

新兴市场环境下我国寿险公司真实偿付能力的实证研究

本文研究了新兴市场环境下影响寿险公司偿付能力的潜在因素,并在此基础上抽取了三家中型寿险公司1998-2004年的数据,就寿险潜在需求、偿付压力期、产品结构、资本金等影响因素与偿付能力分别作了回归分析,试图给出整体因素对偿付能力的影响效果,并在已有结论的基础上对偿付能力的监管提出一些建议.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.